斜拉桥塔-索-桥面连续耦合参数振动特性分析

针对端部激励作用下斜拉索与桥塔、桥面协同振动问题,考虑拉索几何非线性、倾角、阻尼以及拉索重力弦向分力的影响,引入拉索高精度抛物线形,建立了桥塔-索-桥面连续非线性精细化振动模型,推导了拉索与桥塔和桥面共同在激励作用下的耦合振动方程组,研究了桥塔-索-桥面结构系统参数的振动特性,并用数值仿真方法分析桥面与拉索频率比、桥面激励幅值、索力及拉索阻尼对结构耦合振动特性的影响规律。结果表明:桥面与拉索的频率比分别为1∶2和2∶1时,拉索会发生不同模式的大幅振动;相比于超谐波共振模式,亚谐波共振模式的拉索振幅更大,但达到共振所需时间较长;拉索振幅随桥面激励幅值的增大呈非线性增大,桥面激励幅值越大,拉索积蓄共振能量所需的时间越短;拉索振幅随索力增大而减小;拉索自身阻尼对其振动的影响较小,增大拉索阻尼时,拉索振幅虽有减小趋势,但是减小幅度有限。     

三阶模态耦合效应下悬索的1:1主共振与稳定性分析

针对悬索的振动,研究了模态耦合效应对悬索振动特征的影响。首先基于哈密顿原理推导了考虑抗弯刚度影响的悬索的偏微分振动方程,采用Galerkin方法得到了悬索的前三阶模态耦合振动常微分方程组。采用多尺度法分析了悬索的一阶、二阶和三阶主共振,得到了一阶、二阶和三阶主共振的幅-频响应方程,接着基于Lyapunov稳定性理论进行了稳定性分析,最后进行了数值算例分析。算例分析表明,当1:1主共振发生时,一阶主共振产生的幅值远大于二阶和三阶主共振产生的幅值,即当悬索振动时,能量主要以一阶模态幅值的形式散发;在同阶次幅值-σ曲线中,随着F的增加,1:1主共振产生的幅值有所增加;在幅值-V曲线中,随着σ的增加,临界跳跃点有向右偏移的趋势,σ增加会导致幅值增加;档距越大,一阶、二阶和三阶1:1主共振产生的幅值越大,但一阶主共振产生的幅值增加最为明显。     

潮流能发电平台的水动力特性及动力响应分析

运用水动力学软件AQWA对潮流能发电平台进行了频域分析,得到不同重心高度、不同水深、遭遇不同浪向角条件下平台各自由度幅值响应算子随波浪圆频率的变化曲线。再对平台进行了风浪流联合作用下的时域耦合分析,研究不同系泊角度对平台运动响应和系泊缆张力的影响。计算结果表明:纵荡幅值响应算子峰值随浪向角的增大而逐渐减小,横荡幅值响应算子峰值随浪向角的增大而增大,纵荡、横荡上主要表现为与波浪的低频共振,浪向角较小会产生较大的垂荡运动、纵荡运动、纵摇运动,浪向角较大会导致较大的横摇运动;水深小于10m时,海底对波浪的反射作用对平台纵荡和艏摇运动影响比较明显;小范围内的重心高度变化对平台各自由度幅值响应算子影响较小。当系泊角度为45°时,系泊系统对平台运动响应的控制更好,且此时系泊系统的安全系数最大,主要系泊缆受力更加合理,平台更安全。     

充液挠性航天器俯仰运动 1:1:1 内共振动力学分析

采用已推导的俯仰运动矩形贮箱受控刚-液-弹耦合系统在外力矩作用下的耦合动力 学模型，在刚体上加入控制项，详细分析了系统固有频率的精确解与近似解. 应用多尺 度法对耦合系统1:1:1内共振进行解析分析，与数值解比较验证解析解的正确性. 通过近 似解析分析得到刚-液-弹之间的耦合作用机理：1) 液深影响整个系统的软硬特性，当液体发 生软硬特性转化时，处于液体原多值频率区域的刚体和弹性体幅频曲线分支峰值会减弱，且 具有相同的特性转化趋势；处于液体新多值频率区域的刚体和弹性体幅频曲线分支峰值会增 强，且具有相反的特性转化趋势. 2) 刚体和弹性体幅频曲线的峰值均在以受控刚体和弹性体 为主的耦合系统固有频率处，以液体为主固有频率激励，刚体和弹性体振幅较小.     

基于自由振动的高速铁路简支梁桥共振与消振速度研究

为研究高速列车简支梁振动的问题,利用移动荷载列解析表达式的极限条件,推导了共振与消振速度。从自由振动幅值的角度,证明了桥梁振动主要由一阶模态贡献,且随着车速的增加,二阶模态对自由振动的贡献逐渐增大,而更高阶的模态贡献量可忽略不计。提高桥梁阻尼能起到抑振的作用,但会加剧车辆驶离桥后的自由振动。以20 m和32 m的两座简支梁桥为算例,从自由振动的幅值和相位出发,阐明了在特定的速度下,发生共振与消振的主要原因是轴载激励的自由振动之间出现叠加、抵消或抑制的现象。当共振速度与消振速度重合时,消振先于共振发生。比较移动轴载解析值与车-轨-桥耦合有限元模型的计算值,结果表明,移动轴载模型能有效预测桥梁的位移时程,但分析桥梁的加速度响应时,有必要考虑车-轨-桥之间的动力耦合效应。     

横向荷载作用下Winkler地基上有限长梁3次超谐共振分析

基于Winkler地基模型和Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,建立了Winkler地基上有限长梁的非线性运动方程。运用Galerkin方法对运动方程进行一阶模态截断,得到了离散的非线性振动方程,然后利用多尺度法求得了该系统3次超谐共振的幅频响应方程及其位移的一阶近似解。为揭示弹性地基上有限长梁的3次超谐共振响应的特性,分别分析了长细比、弹性模量、基床系数、阻尼、密度等主要参数对该系统3次超谐共振幅频响应曲线的影响,并通过与非共振硬激励情况的对比分析了3次超谐共振对系统实际动力反应的影响。研究结果表明:3次超谐共振响应曲线有跳跃和滞后现象;增大阻尼和基床系数均对3次超谐共振的发生有抑制作用;增大外激励幅值,系统3次超谐共振区域增大;3次超谐共振将增大系统的稳态动力响应幅值和加速度。     

时滞位移反馈作用下压电耦合梁非线性受迫振动

采用非线性动力学中的直接法,从理论上推导了时滞位移反馈控制作用下压电耦合梁非线性受迫主共振、亚谐波共振响应一阶近似解,研究了时滞、反馈控制增益、激励幅值等系统参数对系统非线性受迫振动的影响,分析了主共振、亚谐波共振动力响应随参数变化的规律。结果表明:主共振响应幅值随时滞量呈周期性变化;随着反馈增益的增大,系统响应幅值得到明显抑制,合理地控制系统参数选取可提高振动控制的效率。     

简谐荷载作用下弹性地基上不可伸长梁的2次超谐共振响应研究

基于已建立的弹性地基上不可伸长梁的非线性动力学模型,利用梁的量纲归一化运动方程和多尺度方法求得梁2次超谐共振的幅频响应方程和位移的二次近似解。进而,运用梁的幅频响应曲线对其超谐共振响应特性进行研究,同时分析了弹性地基模型、Winkler参数、外激励幅值、边界条件等对该共振响应的影响效应。结果表明:弹性地基模型中剪切参数的引入增大了梁2次超谐共振响应的幅值和多值区域;弹性地基Winkler参数的增加会抑制系统的共振响应,但同时会增加系统动力响应的软弹簧特性;在外激励幅值较小的情况下,系统共振响应未展现出明显的非线性特征;边界约束对弹性地基剪切参数作用于梁2次超谐共振响应的效应有显著影响,可在一定程度上改变系统响应幅值及多值区域。     

考虑轨道不平顺的车-桥动力分析

考虑轨道不平顺，采用整体车辆和桥梁组合的计算模型。对高架轨道进行车-桥动力分析。对给定的功率谱密度函数，构造等效的频谱幅值和随机相位后再作Fourier逆变换来模拟轨道不平顺，结果表明新方法比通常的三角级数法更为有效，对于轨道平顺及不平顺两种情况，针对两种车速计算车体和桥梁的动力反应。结果表明，轨道不平顺以及车速提高对桥梁跨中位移的影响较小，但对桥梁跨中加速度的影响较大而且高频反应明显增大。轨道不平顺对车体振动的影响较大，振动的幅值和频率都大大提高，车速增大时，尽管车体加速度反应明显增大，但是其位移则变化不大。同时，采用模拟与实测两种不平顺样本的计算结果表明，本文采用功率谱密度函数的模拟方法可以基本反映轨道的实际不平顺情况。     

考虑气动力作用的载流覆冰导线主共振及谐波共振分析

针对载流导线的非线性振动问题,在以往只考虑安培力的载流导线振动方程中引入了气动荷载。在此基础上进一步引入了受迫激励荷载,以研究动态风或相邻档导线对载流覆冰导线非线性振动特征的影响,建立了一种新的气动力-安倍力-受迫激励联合作用下的载流覆冰导线系统。推导出非线性振动方程,利用Galerkin方法将该振动方程转变为有限维度的常微分方程,采用多尺度法求解得到系统的非线性受迫主共振和亚谐波共振的幅-频响应函数。通过数值计算,分析了参数变化对系统受迫共振响应的影响以及受迫主共振定常解的稳定性。结果表明,考虑气动力的振动幅值和系统非线性较未考虑气动力时更小和更弱;线路参数的变化对导线的响应幅值和系统的非线性都有一定程度的影响;主共振和亚谐波共振的响应幅值随着激励幅值的增大而增大,共振峰值向着调谐参数σ的负值方向偏移,呈现出软弹簧特征并伴随着多值和跳跃现象;主共振时,随着调谐参数的变化,响应幅值则出现同步和失步现象。     

基于贝叶斯方法的模态参数识别的不确定度分析

振动模态分析和模态参数识别是动态测试的一个重要研究方向。模态参数在模型的修正、响应的预测、系统的健康检测及控制等方面有着重要的作用。但动态测试的不确定度分析,尤其是模态参数的不确定度的研究还十分缺乏。本文主要基于贝叶斯方法,通过傅立叶变换(FFT)建立时域数据和频域数据之间的对应关系。根据共振频带内的多个模态的响应数据得到相对应的模态参数,优化得到模态参数的最佳估计值,评定模态参数识别的不确定度。在固支梁的模态实验中,加速度传感器采集环境激励中的振动数据,运用贝叶斯法进行处理得到模态参数的最佳估计值。在此基础上,通过模态参数的最佳估计值,以及仪器的检定报告数据,结合合成不确度分析方法,系统分析了模态参数识别的不确定度。     

THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELING AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FOUR—WHEEL—STEERING VEHICLES

The paper presents a nonlinear dynamic model of 9 degrees of freedom for four-wheel-steering vehicles. Compared with those in previous studies, this model includes the pitch and roll of the vehicle body, the motion of 4 wheels in the accelerating or braking process, the nonlinear coupling of vehicle body and unsprung part, as well as the air drag and wind effect. As a result, the model can be used for the analysis of various maneuvers of the four-wheel-steering vehicles. In addition, the previous models can be considered as a special case of this model. The paper gives some case studies for the dynamic performance of a four-wheel-steering vehicle under step input and saw-tooth input of steering angle applied on the front wheels, respectively. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59625511)     

基于FFUKF路面附着系数估计的汽车牵引力控制

以后驱牵引车为研究对象, 设计了基于路面附着系数估计的牵引力控制系统(TCS). 在路面附着系数估计方面, 针对传统卡尔曼滤波难以跟踪时变非线性系统的问题, 本文将模糊控制理论和衰减记忆滤波思想引入无迹卡尔曼滤波, 设计一种基于模糊遗忘因子的无迹卡尔曼滤波路面附着系数估计方法, 提高了算法的跟踪性能. 牵引力控制包括扭矩控制和制动控制. 在TCS扭矩控制方面, 分别利用路面附着系数和驱动轮滑转率在目标滑转率附近时的车辆加速度计算目标基础扭矩, 根据车辆行驶状态和抖振度参量, 基于可拓控制理论划分经典域、可拓域和非域, 通过可拓集的关联函数得到动态权重系数, 将上述两种方法计算得到的目标基础扭矩进行可拓融合设计出基础扭矩. 之后, 以实际滑转率和目标滑转率之间的误差作为输入, 采用模糊自整定PI控制器得到目标反馈扭矩. 在制动控制方面, 针对两种典型路面分别设计了PI控制压力和附着差压力. 实车试验结果表明, 基于模糊遗忘因子的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法能够更加快速地跟踪路面附着系数的变化, 同时基于路面附着系数估计的TCS控制策略能够有效抑制驱动轮过度滑转, 将驱动轮滑转率控制在最佳范围内, 显著提高了车辆的动力性.      

An alternative control strategy for semi-active dampers on off road vehicles

A control strategy is developed that takes into account the pitch and roll degrees of freedom on an off road wheeled vehicle in order to control discrete adjustable semi-active dampers more effectively. From the literature it was concluded that some existing semi-active control strategies were derived by employing models with either one or two degrees of freedom. If these strategies are applied to control semi-active dampers on a vehicle, each wheel station is controlled separately. The other degrees of freedom of the sprung mass, such as roll and pitch, are therefore not explicitly taken into account. The alternative control strategy determines that combination of damper states that will provide the highest acceleration opposing the movement of the sprung mass (deceleration), or the lowest acceleration in the direction of movement of the sprung mass. Simulation and experimental results indicated that the strategy that minimises the highest absolute value of the roll or the pitch acceleration performed significantly better than an existing semi-active control strategy (based on the absolute and relative damper velocities), especially when ride comfort under off-road conditions was taken into account. Four conventional dampers were modified, adding a by-pass assembly and controllable valve. The effect of using semi-active dampers on an off-road vehicle was evaluated during an extensive experimental programme, using ride comfort as basis. Results showed that the control strategy, as developed in this study, provided better responses in comparison to the passive configuration and an existing control strategy.     

Dynamic interactions of an integrated vehicle–electromagnetic energy harvester–tire system subject to uneven road excitations

An investigation is undertaken of an integrated mechanical-electromagnetic coupling system consisting of a rigid vehicle with heave, roll, and pitch motions, four electro-magnetic energy harvesters and four tires subject to uneven road excitations in order to improve the passengers' riding comfort and harvest the lost engine energy due to uneven roads. Following the derived mathematical formulations and the proposed solution approaches, the numerical simulations of this interaction system subject to a continuous sinusoidal road excitation and a single ramp impact are completed. The simulation results are presented as the dynamic response curves in the forms of the frequency spectrum and the time history, which reveals the complex interaction characteristics of the system for vibration reductions and energy harvesting performance. It has addressed the coupling effects on the dynamic characteristics of the integrated system caused by:(1) the natural modes and frequencies of the vehicle;(2) the vehicle rolling and pitching motions;(3) different road exci-tations on four wheels;(4) the time delay of a road ramp to impact both the front and rear wheels, etc., which cannot be tackled by an often used quarter vehicle model. The guide-lines for engineering applications are given. The developed coupling model and the revealed concept provide a means with analysis idea to investigate the details of four energy harvester motions for electromagnetic suspension designs in order to replace the current passive vehicle isolators and to harvest the lost engine energy. Potential further research directions are suggested for readers to consider in the future.     

Moderate time scale finite amplitude analysis of large stefan number convection in a gravity modulated mushy layer during the solidification of binary alloys

We investigate the convection amplitude in a binary alloy mushy layer subjected to a vibration body force that is collinear with the gravitational acceleration. The analysis shows that the convection amplitude decreases over time for all vibration frequencies tested. The analysis further reveals that as the vibration frequency increases, the convection amplitude subsequently decreases until a critical vibration frequency; at which the amplitude reaches the lowest value. Further increases in the vibration frequency increase the convection amplitude but gradually.     

A roll stability performance measure for off-road vehicles

The roll stability is significant for both road and off-road commercial vehicles, while the majority of reported studies focus on road vehicles neglecting the contributions of uneven off-road terrains. The limited studies on roll stability of off-road vehicles have assessed the stability limits using performance measures derived for road vehicles. This study proposes an alternative performance measure for assessing roll stability limits of off-road vehicles. The roll dynamics of an off-road mining vehicle operating on random rough terrains are investigated, where the two terrain-track profiles are synthesized considering coherency between them. It is shown that a measure based on steady-turning root-mean-square lateral acceleration corresponding to the sustained period of unity lateral-load-transfer-ratio prior to the absolute-rollover, could serve as a reliable measure of roll stability of the vehicle operating on random rough terrains. The robustness of proposed performance measure is demonstrated considering sprung mass center height variations and different terrain excitations. The simulation results revealed adverse effects of terrain elevation magnitude on the roll stability, while a relatively higher coherency resulted in lower terrain roll-excitation and thereby enhanced vehicle roll stability. Terrains with relatively higher waviness increased the magnitude of lower spatial frequency components, which resulted in reduced roll stability limits.     

Turbulent travel speeds in nonlinear vehicle dynamics

Quarter car models of vehicles rolling on wavy roads lead to limit cycles of travel speed and acceleration with period doublings and bifurcation effects for appropriate driving force parameters. In case of narrow-banded road excitations, speed jumps occur, additionally. This has the consequence that the driving speed becomes turbulent. Bifurcation and jump effects vanish with growing vehicle damping. The same happens for increasing bandwidth of road excitations when, e.g., on flat highways there are no big road waves but only small noisy slope processes generated by rough road surfaces. The paper derives a new stability condition in mean. Numerical time integrations are stabilized by means of polar coordinates. Equivalently, Fourier series expansions are introduced in the angle domain. Phase portraits of travel speed and acceleration show new period-doublings of limit cycles when speed gets stuck before resonance. The paper extends these investigations to the stochastic case that road surfaces are random generated by filtered white noise. By means of Gaussian closure, a nonlinear mean speed equation is derived which includes the extreme cases of wavy roads and road noise.

     

Optimal driver seat suspension for a hybrid model of sitting human body

In the paper a general procedure is presented for the analytical synthesis of an optimal vibration isolation system of a human body including its sensitivity to vibration. The optimal active suspension of a seat has been obtained analytically for a human body represented alternatively by apparent mass weighted by standard frequency domain curves W(s) depicting discomfort levels. The analytical functions describing the optimal vibration isolation systems (OVISs) have been obtained in the general form for random stationary acceleration excitations, general forms of apparent mass M(s) of the sitting human body and a selected criterion of isolation. Analytical forms of complex functions depicting OVIS are presented for two cases of acceleration excitation: white noise (WN) and narrow band noise (NBN). The influence of particular forms of excitation and weighting function W(s) on the resultant vibration isolation is discussed. The analytical results, illustrated by a numerical example presented in the graphical form have been included.     

谐波型波磨激扰下轮轨系统接触蠕滑特性

将钢轨波浪形磨耗理想化为三种波长和波深组合的连续谐波激扰，通过多体动力学软件UM，分析不同波长和波深工况下谐波激扰对轮轨接触蠕滑特性的影响。研究表明，当波长固定、波深增大时，钢轨轮对垂向振动加速度和纵向蠕滑率/力的平均值均增大，横向蠕滑率/力平均值均减小。当波深固定、波长增大时，钢轨轮对垂向振动加速度平均值和纵向蠕滑率/力平均值均减小，横向蠕滑率/力平均值均增大。纵横向蠕滑率/力均含有与初始不平顺频率值相接近的特征频率成分，纵向蠕滑率/力特征频率随着波深的增大趋向高频段发展，横向蠕滑率/力特征频率集中在低频段，且随着波深增大逐渐减小。当波深为0.3 mm时，纵横向蠕滑率/力强度相当，能量主要集中在低频，频率比较单一；当波深达到0.6 mm和0.9 mm时，蠕滑率/力以纵向蠕滑率/力为主，表现出多频率特征。在波长相同的条件下，随着运营时间的增加，磨耗量在低频段增加较小，在中高频段增加较大。