可倾瓦径向滑动轴承支承的转子系统瞬态响应计算

研究了可倾瓦径向滑动轴承支承的转子系统瞬态响应的计算方法,提出了可倾瓦径向滑动轴承非线性滑膜力计算的数据库方法,将可倾瓦与轴颈的结构和运动参数归结到三个参数中,建立了起可倾瓦的非线性油膜力数据库,通过精确插值到每一运动参数组合下轴承提代的油力和轴瓦上所受的油膜力矩。     

Rotordynamic analysis of systems with a non-linear model of tilting pad bearings including turbulence effects

An analytical model of a tilting pad bearing was developed based on the short bearing assumption with the turbulence effect included. In order to determine its influence on the dynamic behavior of the rotor, this model was compared against one without the turbulence effect through a simulation of a Jeffcott/Laval rotor supported by a couple of bearings. Both models were also used to determine the influence of geometric parameters on tilting pad bearing making use of the aforementioned system at different rotor speeds. When analyzing the results, the parameters which presented the largest influence were: pad preload, number of segments, radial clearance, pad position, and pad pivoting angle. As the pad moment of inertia and the pivoting distance have changed the shaft motion only a few microns, their effects can be neglected. The bearing model with turbulent flow effect has generated higher hydrodynamic forces when compared to the one without this effect, which remarks the importance of considering such phenomenon during the analysis of the high speed hydrodynamic bearings.     

Influence of detailed ball-and-socket modelling on tilting pad journal bearings dynamics

Nonlinear Dynamics - The paper focuses on local phenomena modelling in the ball-and-socket pivot of tilting pad journal bearings. It provides an in-depth analysis of the influence of nonlinear...     

瓦块弹性对大型水轮发电机组径向可倾瓦轴承润滑性能的影响

用有限元素法和有限差分法建立了可倾瓦轴承瓦块三维弹为形及热效应的计算模型。分析了由瓦面油膜压力引起的三维瓦块弹性变形对采用小包角径向可倾瓦及瓦块支点非均匀密集布置方式下滑动轴承热动力润滑性能的影响。结果表明：在大型低速重载条件下,瓦块三维弹性变形及热效应对小包角瓦块非均匀布置的径向可倾轴承后静态特性和动力特性均有较大影响。     

Influence of dimple geometry and micro-roughness orientation on performance of textured hybrid thrust pad bearing

The present study deals with numerical simulation of textured hybrid thrust pad bearing. Influence of providing micro-dimples of different cross-sectional shapes on the bearing surface has been theoretically investigated on the performance of thrust pad bearing. Reynolds equation has been solved using mass-conserving algorithm based on Jakobsson–Floberg–Olsson cavitation boundary conditions. A parametric study is carried out to optimize dimple shapes from the viewpoint of load carrying capacity of bearings. The textured bearing surface is noticed to be beneficial in reducing the frictional power losses. Providing half-section dimples (second half in the direction of runner rotation) towards the leading edge of thrust pad, enhance the load carrying capacity and fluid film stiffness coefficient of bearings. Micro-roughness in a textured surface having transverse orientation is seen to improve the dynamic characteristics of hybrid thrust pad bearings.     

基于PID方法的可倾瓦推力轴承分析

使用PID方法控制可倾瓦推力轴承流场求解中轴瓦倾角和支点膜厚的迭代,实现了力和力矩平衡同步收敛.以光滑及粗糙表面下可倾瓦推力轴承流场求解为例,对比PID方法和传统方法,PID法编程便捷,计算效率高,同时能够反映可倾瓦推理轴承的刚度特性.考虑表面粗糙度时,PID法能够求解传统方法不收敛的问题.     

四瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承动力特性的实验研究

采用在线分析方法考察了300MW汽轮发电机可倾瓦轴承的静、动力特性,探讨了载荷、轴颈转速以及动态激振力频率等参数变化对可倾瓦轴承的静、动态性能的影响,比较试验结果与理论计算结果发现,在不同频率激振力作用下,理论计算所得到的可倾瓦轴承动特性参数与试验结果有较大的差异。     

推力轴承瓦面形面对润滑性能影响的研究

以三峡机组推力轴承为研究对象，运用瓦面二次曲面数学模型和三维热弹流润滑性能分析软件，对平面形面、圆柱形面、马鞍形面、横弯形面、球形形面和反横弯形面等6种瓦面形面的推力轴承的最小油膜厚度，最大油膜压力和最高油膜温度等进行了大量的数值计算。在分析和比较上述6种瓦面形面推力轴承优点和缺点的基础上，指出沿周向凸起的瓦面形面及沿径向下凹的瓦面形面均有利于形成收敛的油膜几何形状，从而显著提高轴承润滑性能。     

可倾瓦轴承油膜动力不稳定性的实验研究

本文首次给出关于可倾瓦轴承动力不稳定性的理论与实验联立结果.     

Evolutive and nonlinear vibrations of rotor on aerodynamic bearings

The use of air as a lubricant in aerodynamic bearings is advantageous, particularly in the food industry. Aerodynamic bearings with tilting pads have complicated stiffness and damping properties and need a very detailed theoretical and experimental research. Response curves of rigid rotor supported on aerodynamic bearings are presented for a linear but evolutive mathematical model. Due to non-monotone properties of stiffness and damping matrices at variable revolutions, a new resonance appears. The mathematical model of rotor vibrations in the whole area of bearing clearance is also developed in the consideration of strongly nonlinear properties of aerodynamic bearing.     

倾斜摆动条件下衬垫改性对自润滑关节轴承摩擦学性能的影响

本文中通过对PTFE纤维/芳纶纤维混合编织衬垫分别进行稀土处理和丙酮处理,研究了在倾斜摆动条件下衬垫改性对自润滑关节轴承摩擦学性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及三维形貌仪分析了衬垫磨损表面微观形貌.研究结果表明:与未经改性处理衬垫的轴承相比,经稀土处理和丙酮处理后自润滑关节轴承减磨耐磨性能均得到提高,其中在高摆频工况下,衬垫经稀土处理后自润滑关节轴承减摩耐磨性能得到更大程度的提高;稀土处理轴承衬垫仅出现轻微黏着磨损,这是由于稀土处理过程增强了衬垫层的自润滑功能.     

运行过程中载荷突变时可倾瓦推力轴承瞬态热效应的实验研究

研究了可倾瓦推力轴承在名义转速分别为2000r/min和4000r/min下,当载荷突然变化时推力轴在油膜温度和油膜厚度的瞬态变化规律。实验结果表明：当载荷突然增大时,油膜温度以及进油边温度上升,油膜厚度减小;随着载荷变化幅度的增大,温度上升幅度也增大,油膜厚度进一步减小;在载荷变化相同的情况下,相同时间间隔内转速高时油膜温度增大幅度比转速低时要大,而油膜厚度减小幅度比低转速下小。     

Comparison between grooved and plane aerostatic thrust bearings: static performance

The demand of air bearings is increasing for those applications that require precision linear movements or high-speed rotations. In particular in this paper air pads for air motion technology are studied. The paper analyses the effect of a circumferential groove machined on the pad surface on pressure distribution, air flow consumption and stiffness. Two geometries are investigated and compared: one with three supply orifices and the other with a circumferential groove as well. The static characteristics of the pads are experimentally determined with also the pressure distributions under the pads along the radial and circumferential directions. The experimental pressure distributions are compared with the simulated ones, obtained with a numerical program at the purpose developed. The numerical model considers a general formulation of the supply holes discharge coefficient that can be used also in presence of a circumferential groove.     

Elastohydrodynamic analysis and Pareto optimization of intact,worn and misaligned journal bearings

In this paper, we propose an engineering approach for the elastohydrodynamic (EHD) analysis and optimization of the steady operation of intact, worn or/and misaligned journal bearings. We develop an iterative algorithm, based on finite element formulations for both the hydrodynamic lubrication and the elastic deformation of the bearing pad, which converges to the solution of the coupled problem. In addition, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem, and seek combinations of the design variables, namely, length-to-diameter ratio, Sommerfeld number and bearing deformation coefficient, which minimize simultaneously the normalized friction coefficient and the normalized maximum pressure, under intact and representative fault conditions. Optimal solutions are identified based on the Pareto dominance, and are physically interpreted. The present development provides a tool for optimally reducing the parameter space of independent variables in EHD journal bearing design.     

Optimum clearance of a gas hydrostatic thrust bearing with maximum load capacity

The optimum design of a gas hydrostatic thrust bearing clearance is obtained using the methods of calculus of variations. The variational problem of determining the clearance shape giving the maximum load capacity is solved for a given external pressurization and various journal speeds. The structure of the optimum solution is found on the basis of the gas lubrication approximation with and without constraints on the height of the bearing pad (pocket). The calculation results embrace all possible values of the parameters. A comparison with optimum liquid bearings is carried out. Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 68–78, July–August, 2000. The work was carried out with support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects Nos. 99-01-01211 and 96-15-96158).     

超导磁力与静压液膜力复合轴承的静动特性分析

以新一代液体火箭发动机涡轮泵为应用前景,提出了一种带小孔节流的超导-液体静压复合推力轴承.该复合轴承由6块圆形超导瓦和6块带有小孔节流的圆形液体静压推力瓦构成,依靠涡轮泵系统自带的低温介质(如液氢液氧等),可以实现超导磁斥力与流体静压力的复合.基于解耦方法分析了复合轴承的静动特性,重点研究不同液膜厚度下复合轴承的承载力和刚度随节流孔径、液腔直径等的变化规律.在设计工作点附近,超导推力瓦和静压推力瓦的承载力大体相当,而后者的刚度则是前者的300倍以上.理论结果表明该复合结构既可以保证启动阶段无接触摩擦,又能在工作阶段保持较高刚度以抗冲击,对设计高可靠性火箭涡轮泵的轴系结构具有参考价值.     

Tilting stiffness of elastic layers bonded between rigid plates

A theoretical approach to determine the tilting stiffness of an elastic layer bonded between rigid plates is presented and then applied to derive the formulae of tilting stiffness for layers of infinite-strip, circular and square shapes. Based on two kinematics assumptions, the governing equations for the mean pressure are established from the equilibrium equations and the bulk modulus equation. Satisfying the stress boundary conditions, the pressure functions are solved and the formulae for tilting stiffness are derived. The tilting stiffnesses calculated from these formulae are extremely close to the results obtained from the finite element method for an extensive range of shape factor and Poissons ratio.     

曲轴轴向运动对粗糙表面曲轴主轴承润滑性能影响的研究

内燃机实际工作中，在多种影响因素综合影响下，曲轴进行旋转运动的同时，还存在沿轴承轴线方向的运动. 以某四缸四冲程内燃机曲轴-轴承系统为研究对象，综合考虑曲轴轴向运动、曲轴变形和摩擦表面粗糙度，基于平均Reynolds方程，建立了耦合曲轴轴向运动的粗糙表面主轴承润滑分析模型，着重研究了倾斜曲轴轴向运动对主轴承润滑特性的影响. 分析中，采用试验法实测曲轴沿轴承轴线方向的运动规律，应用有限单元法求解曲轴受载变形导致轴颈在轴承孔中倾斜状况. 结果表明:曲轴轴向运动对粗糙表面内燃机主轴承润滑特性影响显著；计及曲轴轴向运动时内燃机各主轴承轴颈轴心轨迹均为1条不封闭的三维空间曲线；曲轴轴向运动对主轴承润滑特性的影响程度与摩擦表面粗糙度直接相关；计及曲轴轴向运动时摩擦表面粗糙度对主轴承润滑特性影响趋势及程度均发生明显变化.      

航空高速涡轮制冷机用气体轴承的研制

本文介绍了高参数航空涡轮制冷机用高速气体轴承研制中的部分工作。在论述工作环境条件苛刻的这类制冷机中用气体轴承替代滚动轴承的必要性、可行性和特殊性的基础上,叙述了研制这类气体轴承时在设计、选材、加工和调试等方面完成的多项特殊试验以及气体轴承改装产品的航空环境适应性试验和应用概况。     

Bifurcations in the response of a rigid rotor supported by load sharing between magnetic and auxiliary bearings

Auxiliary bearings are utilized in practical installations of magnetically suspended rotating machines with the main functions to provide support to the rotating machines during their non-operational period, and to protect the magnetic bearings and the rotating assembly from being damaged due to power loss during operation. The relatively small clearances of these bearings, which are typically half of that of the magnetic bearings, may at time cause contact between the rotor and these bearings to occur even during normal operation of the rotating machines. The work presented herein examines the bifurcations in the response of a rigid rotor supported by load sharing between magnetic and auxiliary bearings, which occurs during contact between the rotor and the auxiliary bearings. Numerical results revealed the occurrence of period-doubling bifurcation resulting in vibrations of period-2, -4, -8, -16 and -32, as well as quasi-periodic and chaotic vibrations. The results further showed that for a relatively small rotor imbalance magnitude, which is within the prescribed level of certain classes of practical rotating machinery, such nonlinear dynamical phenomena would not have been discovered had the auxiliary bearings forces been omitted in the model of the rotor-bearing system. As these bearings are essential elements in practical installations of magnetically supported rotating machines, failure to include them in the rotor-bearing model may result in incorrect prediction of the rotor’s vibration response.