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从城市垃圾填埋场沉降的 机理出发,以经典力学中应力-应变之间的关系为基础,建立起城市垃圾填埋场在载荷、蠕变 和生物降解耦合作用下沉降的力学模型,并分别确定在载荷、蠕变和生物降解作用下屈服表 面应力增量的表达式. 通过填埋场沉降的实例计算,该模型得到了较为满意的预测结果.     

填埋场粘土类防渗系统研究进展

作为防止污染物扩散的防渗系统是填埋场中最重要的部分之一。在总结国内外众多有关填埋场粘性土防渗系统研究成果的基础上,阐述了粘土类防渗系统的工作机理;从粘性土阻滞特性、污染物运移、改性与替代材料以及防渗系统设计等4个方面综述了粘土类防渗系统研究的最新进展;并据此认为,非饱和渗透特性、吸附效应及基于吸附－扩散效应的设计方法等将成为今后填埋场粘性土防渗系统研究的主要问题。     

考虑管土耦合的机坪垂直管道应力分析

机坪输油管网供油是目前民用航空领域供油的主要方式之一.实际工程中,机坪管网垂直管道受混凝土道面移位作用容易产生变形甚至破坏.为了解机坪垂直管道变形乃至破坏的机理,通过ANSYS软件对多种规格和底部三通连接方式的机坪垂直管道进行了有限元分析,管道和填埋土层之间的相互作用采用P-y曲线法进行模拟.通过室内物理模型实验校核并调整了P-y曲线参数.研究表明,除底部三通外,填埋土层约束下垂直管道也出现了一个高应力区,应力分布状况只与填埋土层分布和混凝土道面移位量有关.最后通过现场案例分析,给出了管道破坏点位置,与现场检测结果相符.     

流化床中废弃物颗粒的横向扩散特性

在试验基础上计算得到内循环流化床和鼓泡床中3种轻质废弃物颗粒和两种重质颗粒的横向扩散系数,发现废弃物颗粒的变形程度、密度、尺寸及布风板形状和布风方式均影响其扩散系数．轻质颗粒的运动符合扩散规律,重质粒子的运动则不符合该规律．文中从流化床中气体颗粒流和不同物性废弃物相互作用的角度简要分析了物料的扩散特性．     

国外城市垃圾填埋场岩土工程研究的最新进展

介绍了国外在垃圾填埋场衬垫层、覆盖系统 (帽子 )、垂直隔离墙及土工布等方面的最新进展.     

GAS-WATER TWO-PHASE DIFFUSION MODEL FOR UNSATURATED LAYERED COVER SYSTEMS

为了研究垃圾填埋场内部生物降解产生的气体(以甲烷为主) 和氧气等在非饱和覆盖层中的运移规律,建立了气体在成层非饱和覆盖层中的一维扩散模型. 该模型考虑了覆盖层含水量瞬态变化和气体扩散的耦合作用. 采用有限元多物理场耦合分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3进行求解. 其计算结果与前人实验结果能符合得很好. 研究结果表明,对典型垃圾填埋场中厚度为1m的非饱和黏土覆盖层,含水量变化对覆盖层中气体污染物的扩散运移有显著影响. 与含水量稳态变化情况相比,20 d到100 d的运移时间内同一覆盖层深度处耦合含水量作用下,气体相对浓度可以相差接近8倍. 含水量是气体在非饱和覆盖层中不稳定运移的重要影响因素.     

CCL非线性平衡吸附条件下填埋场渗滤液运移过程数值分析

采用Langmuir等温吸附方程表示黏土对渗滤液中某种污染物的非线性吸附,依据污染物在多孔介质中运移机理,建立了渗滤液在饱和多孔介质运移的一维数学模型。在考虑填埋场采用压实黏土衬里防渗层、垃圾生物降解生成污染物的特性、在填埋场下含有一定厚度含水层等实际情况下,采用有限差分法求解控制方程。通过参数对比计算与分析表明,与线性吸附相比,非线性吸附使得污染物的穿透能力增强,污染物浓度随时间变化曲线尖锐而狭窄、峰值浓度出现时间提前、曲线有尾部拖长现象。组合参数Sl对污染物运移影响较大,当Sl取值较大时,可降低污染物浓度,"挫峰"能力增强,污染物浓度随时间变化曲线表现出线性吸附性质。参数K1对污染物运移影响较参数Sl小。压实黏土衬里的渗透系数较低时,弥散控制污染物运移,且弥散系数较大和较小时,穿透曲线分别表现出线性吸附性质和非线性性质。     

填埋气体迁移气-热-力耦合动力学模型的研究

基于连续介质力学—势弹性力学原理，运用多场耦合理论建立了填理场中可压缩垃圾气体迁移耦合的动力学模型，并采用摄动法及积分变换法对该强非线性数学模型进行拟解析求解。通过算例对比分析，探讨了耦侵动力场中气压、温度和应力变化对可压缩气体迁移的影响，得出了垃圾气体迁移过程中的孔隙压力分布规律。结果表明，三场耦合作用与非耦合作用相对差别较大，耦合效应不能忽略。这为定量化研究垃圾气体在填埋场中的扩散状况以及污染气体的排放和收集、防止二次污染提供了可靠的理论依据。     

冰冻作用对固化污泥强度及变形特性影响

冻融作用会引起固化污泥的破坏,威胁工程体的稳定性。本文在封闭系统下,对固化污泥进行冻融试验,研究了不同冰冻发生时间及不同冻结时间对固化污泥抗压强度及变形特性的影响,并根据试验结果选取试样进行电镜扫描。研究结果表明:冻融作用对固化污泥的强度及变形特性影响很大,且源于冻融作用对固化污泥微观结构的影响;冰冻发生时间越早,水化程度越低,颗粒粘结越弱,固化体整体性越差,强度越低,冻融作用引起的强度衰减越大,固化体呈现塑性破坏;冰冻时间越长,引起的强度破坏越大,但强度衰减率随时间增加较小。上述研究成果可为寒区污泥固化填埋的安全处理提供技术参数及指导。     

热等离子体处理废物技术的进展

随着我国经济的快速发展,固体废物的年产量显著增加,焚烧减容后仍产生大量的焚烧残余物,其中含有重金属、二噁英等有害成份,对其填埋不仅占用大量土地资源,而且对土壤和地下水存在二次污染风险等诸多问题,因而亟需发展具有良好环保效益和社会效益的废物处理新技术.热等离子体技术在航天技术发展初期,用于航天再入过程航天器头部防热研究和等离子体对无线电通讯的干扰研究.之后从军用转向民用,主要的场景之一是用于环保领域处理废物,从早期销毁报废武器、化学武器战剂和中低放射性废物开始,发展到现在,等离子体技术已经在有机和无机废物处理技术中,成为有特色的先进技术.文章介绍了等离子体处理废物技术的原理与特点,回顾了低温热等离子体技术在处理固体废物中的发展过程,综述了低温热等离子体处理固体废物技术在基础研究领域和工程应用领域的进展,对目前等离子体固体废物处理技术应用中存在的问题进行了着重分析,并提出发展建议,以此悼念我国应用热等离子体技术的先驱吴承康院士以及他对于热等离子体技术处理废物技术基础研究的关怀和指导.     

Combustion of textile residues in a packed bed

Textile is one of the main components in the municipal waste which is to be diverted from landfill for material and energy recovery. As an initial investigation for energy recovery from textile residues, the combustion of cotton fabrics with a minor fraction of polyester was investigated in a packed bed combustor for air flow rates ranging from 117 to 1638 kg/m² h (0.027–0.371 m/s). Tests were also carried out in order to evaluate the co-combustion of textile residues with two segregated waste materials: waste wood and cardboard.

Textile residues showed different combustion characteristics when compared to typical waste materials at low air flow rates below 819 kg/m² h (0.186 m/s). The ignition front propagated fast along the air channels randomly formed between packed textile particles while leaving a large amount of unignited material above. This resulted in irregular behaviour of the temperature profile, ignition rate and the percentage of weight loss in the ignition propagation stage. A slow smouldering burn-out stage followed the ignition propagation stage. At air flow rates of 1200–1600 kg/m² h (0.272–0.363 m/s), the bed had a maximum burning rate of about 240 kg/m² h consuming most of the combustibles in the ignition propagation stage. More uniform combustion with an increased burning rate was achieved when textile residues were co-burned with cardboard that had a similar bulk density.     

220kV盐津变电所北部边坡变形机制分析

该填土边坡位于云南省盐津县,场地岩土层主要由人工填土、耕植土和粉质粘土等第四系松散堆积层,以及全-强风化泥岩和中-微风化细砂岩等下伏基岩组成。全-强风化泥岩呈紫红色,岩质软弱,具有遇水软化成泥且强度迅速降低的特点。经过2d的强降雨之后,该填土边坡开始蠕滑变形,从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件等场地条件和人类活动等方面对边坡的变形机制进行了分析。结果表明:边坡变形特征是一种推移式蠕滑变形,场地平整填方加载是造成边坡变形的诱发因素,不良的地形地貌、地质结构和地下水条件是导致边坡蠕滑变形的内在因素。     

Landfill Gas Flow: Collection by Horizontal Wells

Transport in Porous Media - Collection of landfill gas by horizontal perforated wells is studied. The problem combines flow through porous media in the landfill and unobstructed pipe flow in the...     

Porosity variations in saline media caused by temperature gradients coupled to multiphase flow and dissolution/precipitation

We present a theoretical-numerical investigation of porosity variations induced by temperature gradients in unsaturated saline media. It is known that temperature variations cause humidity variations which lead to liquid flow towards and vapour flow away from the hot source. When this phenomenon occurs in saline media, the liquid is salt saturated brine, so that evaporation causes salt precipitation and an ensuing porosity reduction. Condensation of water causes salt dissolution and porosity increase. This process may be important in the case of heat generating waste because it suggests that selfsealing may take place near the waste. On the other hand, salt mass balance will lead to porosity increases in other zones.     

FEM ANALYSIS FOR INFLUENCES OF A FAULT ON COUPLED T-H-M-M PROCESS IN DUAL-POROSITY ROCK MASS

For the case in which a large geological structure like fault existing within the surrounding rock mass in the near field of a repository for high-level radioactive nuclear waste, one kind of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory model of dual-porosity medium for saturatedunsaturated ubiquitous-joint rock mass was established. In the present model, the seepage field and the concentration field are double, but the stress field and the temperature field are single, and the influences of sets, spaces, angles, continuity ratios, stiffness of fractures on the constitutive relationship of the medium can be considered. At the same time, a two-dimensional program of finite element method was developed. Taking a hypothetical nuclear waste repository located at a rock mass being unsaturated dual-porosity medium as a calculation example, the FEM analysis for thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory coupling were carried out under the condition of radioactive nuclide leaking for the cases with and without a fault, and the temperatures, pore pressures, flow velocities, nuclide concentrations and principal stresses in the rock mass were investigated. The results show that the fracture water in the fault flows is basically along the fault direction, and its flow velocity is almost three orders of magnitude higher than that of fracture water in rock mass; the nuclide concentration in the fault is also much higher than that without fault, and the nuclides move along the fault faster; moreover, the fault has obvious influences on the pore pressures and the principal stresses in the rock mass.