江淮膨胀土自由膨胀率特征

自由膨胀率是公路及其他行业膨胀土判别与分类的常用指标,研究自由膨胀率特征对指导膨胀土判别分类具有重要意义。本文依托皖中地区在建的合(肥)—六(安)高速公路,开展了自由膨胀率及其他相关性指标的试验研究,分析了皖中膨胀土的自由膨胀率特征。研究表明:皖中地区膨胀土自由膨胀率与反映膨胀本质的指标蒙脱石含量,以及液限、塑性指数等间接性判别指标具有较好的相关性,可将其用作膨胀土判别与分类的指标;分类实践发现《公路路基设计规范》所推荐的自由膨胀率分级评判标准不能适用于皖中地区膨胀土;根据研究结果给出了具有合理分类特征的分类标准建议。     

风干含水量W65用作膨胀土判别分类指标的可行性研究

本文针对膨胀土的判别分类指标存在的一些问题,提出一种新指标--风干含水量W65.文中详细研究了它的测试方法,它与膨胀土的物理化学活性,物性指标及自由膨胀率δef等的关系。结果表明,W65能很好反映膨胀土的矿物组成或物理化学活性特征,而δef或WL则更能反映土的粒度组成或分散性特征。最后,在继承δef的判别分类成果基础上,考虑到塑性图的优点,建议采用W65-WL判别分类图。该图能区分膨胀土与典型红粘土,较单一指标判分膨胀土更合理适用。     

页岩膨胀性能评价与拟合模型建立

近年来,页岩气作为一种非常规天然气备受关注。在页岩气藏钻井与生产过程中,页岩膨胀是非常关键的问题之一。在页岩矿物组成分析的基础上,采用实际页岩样品和模拟页岩样品,利用高温高压页岩膨胀仪测量了页岩样品在蒸馏水中的膨胀性能,分析了温度、压力与粘土含量等因素对页岩膨胀性能的影响。结果表明,温度、压力对页岩的膨胀性能均有影响。在实验温度和压力区间内,温度越高、压力越低,页岩在蒸馏水中的膨胀越严重。页岩中的粘土矿物是影响页岩膨胀的最主要因素,粘土含量越高,页岩的膨胀率越大。页岩膨胀性能可以用非线性Log-Normal方程来定量描述。     

攀枝花地区冰期膨胀土的工程特性研究

攀枝花地区冰期膨胀土生成于二冰期晚期中更新统冰期,通过室内和现场物理力学试验和分析,揭示攀枝花地区冰期膨胀土的物理力学性质具有很大的离散性,其性质受土体的矿物成分、含水率、裂隙面、埋藏深度、级配、试验条件等因素、条件的影响。试验研究表明:膨胀土中的裂隙面按光滑程度不相同,可分为两种类型,即光滑裂隙面和光滑擦痕裂隙面; 粗粒矿物对胀缩性影响不大,而细粒矿物对胀缩性影响较大; 裸露或近地表,土层风化剧烈,裂隙较发育,膨胀力度就稍大; 同一地区的膨胀土,蒙脱石含量愈高,自由膨胀率愈大,其膨胀等级就愈高; 不同场地内的膨胀土其物理力学性质指标存在一些差异,但差异性较小; 攀枝花冰期膨胀土层的黏粒含量并不大; 不同场地内的膨胀土抗剪强度值变化较大,同一场地内的膨胀土抗剪强度值有起伏; 攀枝花冰期膨胀土多数呈硬塑-坚硬状,自然状态下其抗压变形能力较好,在浸水饱和状态下,膨胀土的承载力几乎成倍数下降。     

荆门热电厂厂区膨胀土等级的可拓评价研究

运用可拓学的基本理论,建立了膨胀土可拓评价模型。以此模型为基础,对荆门热电厂的膨胀土进行了可拓综合评价,并将判别结果与分级膨胀量评价法的判别结果进行了对比,其结果是一致的,说明该方法是可行的。     

膨胀土-胶粉（ESR）强度特性室内试验研究

膨胀土是一种特殊的区域性黏土,在我国分布非常广泛,所引起的灾害问题也日益突出。为了提高资源的循环利用,减少膨胀土灾害潜在的影响,笔者进行一系列用废弃轮胎胶粉改良膨胀土的探索。主要是通过室内无侧限抗压强度试验,研究膨胀土及膨胀土 胶粉（expansive soil rubber,简称ESR）强度特性,进一步分析胶粉含量、含水率等因素对无侧限抗压强度的影响,根据试验结果总结出胶粉改良膨胀土无侧限抗压强度的最佳含量为20％,同时证明了废弃轮胎胶粉改良膨胀土具有良好的效果,从而为膨胀土改良开拓一个新的方法。     

膨胀土判别与分类的Bayes判别分析法

基于Bayes判别分析法以建立膨胀土判别与胀缩等级分类的Bayes判别分析模型. 模型 选用液限,胀缩总率,塑性指数,天然含水率,自由膨胀率等5个指标作为判别因子;将膨 胀土的胀缩性分为极强、强、中、弱4个等级并作为Bayes判别分析的4个正态总体;以训 练样本建立Bayes线性判别函数,以该函数计算待判样品的Bayes判别函数值,以最大值对 应的总体作为样品的归属;以刀切法对判别准则进行评价. 研究表明,该模型以刀切法计算 的误判率为13.3%.     

苏州阳澄湖地区淤泥质粘土工程地质特性探讨

苏州阳澄湖周围的沼积湖积平原存在一种性质较为特殊的淤泥质粘土,其亲水性粘土矿物含量和液塑限指标均较高,但在天然状态下虽具一定的胀缩性却未达到膨胀土的标准,可是经过扰动压实后,随着干密度的增大和含水量的减少却表现出较强的胀缩性,即转变为“人工膨胀土”[1]。本文通过苏州阳澄湖东北方向某一级公路附近3个取土场土样的试验分析,探讨了此地区这种淤泥质粘土的特殊性,为以后的工程施工提供了科学依据。     

基于室内试验与数值模拟的膨胀土裂隙对强度影响规律研究

针对室内试验测试多裂隙发育膨胀土抗剪强度指标的困难,提出以室内试验与数值模拟相结合的研究方法;以不同产状单裂隙面膨胀土三轴试样在200kPa围压下的CD试验结果为样本,基于颗粒流原理,采用PFC3D软件进行仿真试验,获得了与三轴试验结果相一致的PFC3D球颗粒参数和裂隙参数;以此参数为基础,进行不同裂隙产状膨胀土的仿真试验,初步探寻了裂隙发育对广西宁明膨胀土的强度影响规律。研究发现:裂隙发育是膨胀土强度衰减的主要原因;裂隙的空间角度、不同裂隙的组合、裂隙发育程度均对膨胀土抗剪强度指标产生影响,且对黏聚力的影响较大;与无裂隙情况相比,裂隙率达14.06%时,C值降低71.2%。     

南阳膨胀土的宏观结构与路堑边坡病害治理

南阳盆地是我国膨胀土主要分布地区之一,在宁(南京)—西(西安)铁路施工工程地质调查中,发现南阳地区上第三系中新统湖相沉积膨胀土中发育的构造裂隙、中更新统冲洪积膨胀土中发育的卸荷裂隙和全新统湖沼相膨胀土中发育的收缩裂隙控制了路堑边坡病害的形式、规模和破坏特征。施工过程中采取了针对性措施治理边坡病害,取得了明显的工程效果。     

膨胀土胀缩性评价中有关问题的研究

膨胀土吸水膨胀、失水收缩，产生地表变形，进而导致建筑物破坏。本文就现行膨胀土胀缩性指标试验及地基变形量评价计算中有关问题进行了研究，认为以天然含水量为起始含水量测定土样胀缩率是不合适的，建议以缩限为起点进行膨胀试验，以胀限为起点进行收缩试验，采用加荷膨胀量（而非卸荷膨胀量）参加有荷载下的膨胀率计算。膨胀土地基勘察必须结合场地条件分析可能影响土体含水量变化的因素，对同一工程采用几种方法评价，互相对比、参照。     

Influence of relative humidity on fracture toughness of rock: Implications for subcritical crack growth

Information relating to the fracture toughness of geomaterials is critical to our understanding of tensile fracturing, and in particular in geological and rock engineering projects that are subjected to elevated moisture levels. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive set of fracture toughness tests on a suite of key rock types in air under different relative humidities and at constant temperature in order to investigate the influence of relative humidity on fracture toughness. Three sandstones and two igneous rocks were chosen for this purpose. We show that the value of fracture toughness decreases with increasing relative humidity. In addition, we find that the decrease in fracture toughness was more significant when the expansive clay such as smectite was included in rock. Since smectite is prone to expanding in the presence of water, the strength and thus crack growth resistance decrease when relative humidity is high. Therefore, we interpret the decreasing fracture toughness upon the degradation of expansive clays with increasing water content. It was also shown that the decrease of the fracture toughness with increasing humidity is less significant than the concomitant decrease in the measured value of the subcritical stress intensity factor. This was likely as a result of stress corrosion having little influence on the fracture toughness. We conclude that crack growth in rock is affected by humidity, and that clay content is an important contributing factor to changes in fracture toughness and subcritical stress intensity factor.     

Rheological studies in the bulk and at the interface of Pickering oil/water emulsions

The rheological behavior and interfacial properties of olive oil–water emulsions stabilized by surfactant and clay particles (smectite) were studied to evaluate the effect of particles and surfactant distribution both in the bulk phase and at the oil–water interface. The temperature sweep of surfactant solutions and emulsions with and without clay particles showed the critical effect of the solid particles on the viscosity change. The mechanism of adsorption of surfactant molecules onto clay particles has a direct impact on the micellization and gelling temperatures. Indeed, the presence of clay particles caused a slight decrease in the micellization temperature and a total cancellation of the gelling phenomenon. Dynamic interfacial tension values demonstrated that clay particles would not compete with the surfactant for adsorption at the interface. However, the significant increase in the elastic properties of the interface that was observed accounts for their accumulation in the vicinity of the interface, probably at the level of surfactant polar head groups. Thus, the clay particles would form a mechanical barrier, preventing coalescence of emulsion droplets.     

皖中膨胀土的承载比(CBR)强度特性研究

针对皖中地区高速公路建设中遇到的膨胀土问题,选取合六叶高速公路典型土样开展了系统的承载比（CBR）特性试验研究,并在此基础上探讨了膨胀土作为路基填料的适用性。研究表明:（1）起始含水量对膨胀土CBR值影响显著,CBR最大值对应的含水量高于最佳含水量,且击实功越大,二者差值也越大;（2）CBR膨胀量随起始含水量增大而减小,起始含水量越低,CBR膨胀量就越大,路基的水稳性就越差;（3）当击实功较大时,膨胀土的最佳含水量较小,适合填筑的可变含水量范围较宽,建议现场施工控制采用重型击实标准;（4）在重型击实条件下,将弱膨胀土起始含水量控制在比最优含水量大2%⁴%范围内,能同时满足压实度和CBR值要求以用于填筑下路堤,中膨胀土作为路基填料时必须经过改性处理。研究结果对于在膨胀土地区进行公路建设具有参考意义。     

某公路路基填土工程地质性质研究

盱眙地区软土成因复杂,矿物成分特殊,本文通过对其矿物成分、化学成分、颗粒分析、物理指标、膨胀性、压缩性等试验研究,对该软土的工程性质取得一些认识。结果认为该类软土中粘土矿物含量高、亲水性强,填土液塑限高、有机质含量高;在含水量高时碾压成饼状,含水量低时坚硬难以破碎,不能直接做路基填料,采用常规的掺灰处理效果不理想,是一种特殊性软土。     

Comparative yield stress determination for pure and interstratified smectite clays

Different experimental devices and operative procedures were used to obtain the main properties of suspensions of two purified clays, a pure smectite and an interstratified illite-smectite natural clay, at different concentrations. The yield stress values derived from flow and creep tests were found to be very consistent, while those derived from dynamic tests were observed to be much more sensitive to experimental conditions. Qualitatively, the two clays exhibit the same rheological behaviour, which can be modelled using the Herschel-Bulkley model; their yield stress increases with clay concentration and they present a thixotropic character for low concentrations, with an inversion of the curves when the clay concentration increases. However, significant differences were observed when considering numerical values. For the same clay concentration in the suspension, the yield stress of the pure smectite is distinctly higher than that of the interstratified one. The rheological properties of the pure smectite clay can be related to the swelling properties and the organisation of the minerals in water, leading to three-dimensional strong but deformable structures. On the other hand, the presence of a small percentage of illite in the natural clay gives it a brittle behaviour which collapses more easily under stress.     

泥质岩膨胀势判断及其破坏机理分析

应用曲永新提出的"不规则岩块干燥饱和吸水率判别法"和成岩胶结系数指标法,对山西某一煤矿巷道中泥质岩的膨胀性进行综合判定,其属于非膨胀性泥质岩。并对巷道中岩样的矿物组成成分进行分析,岩石中石英和铁矿的含量较多,且分布极不均匀,所含粘土矿物主要为高岭石。最后,从岩石的矿物组成、结构构造、节理面及微节理面的特征以及岩石在受压力时裂隙的扩张情况等角度,综合分析得出泥质岩以脆性破坏为主。