变频单TMD对框架结构的减振效果分析

变频单TMD系统是对普通单TMD系统的改进,在普通单TMD系统的基础上提供附加刚度,并通过位移条件控制该附加刚度是否参与TMD系统的工作.变频单TMD系统在不同位移条件下具有不同的频率,具有MTMD(Multiple Tuned Mass Damper)的性能和优点,能减小结构多个自振频率引起的较大的动力响应,显著提高结构的振动控制效果.将变频单TMD系统应用于高层框架结构,分析其动力响应.计算结果表明,变频单TMD系统能有效减小结构的动力响应,与普通单TMD相比,减震效果更为显著.     

随机激励下考虑SSI效应的TMD-结构控制参数优化设计

TMD是高层建筑结构抗震和抗风等减震控制的主要方法,结构体系频率和TMD参数的适配性对控制效果起决定性作用。现有规范中忽略土对上部结的构的影响,使得TMD-结构振动控制与实际工程情况存在脱节。本文以结构的最大层间位移为控制指标,将优化算法与概率密度理论方法结合,以十层混凝土框架TMD-结构参数优化为例,研究了SSI对TMD结构控制效果的影响,并实现了随机激励下TMD建筑结构参数的优化设计。为TMD建筑结构最优化设计提供了新的思路和方法。     

多自由度复杂结构的TMD调谐减震控制研究

给出多自由度复杂结构中调谐减震控制TMD的有效设计方法.通过分析发现简谐基底激励作用下的TMD最优参数并非减震控制的最佳选择,主要区别是减震控制时TMD的最优阻尼比要显著小于简谐基底激励下的最优阻尼比.在随机地震激励下给出用于确定减震控制TMD最优参数的方法.据此进行了三相叠积电抗器的减震TMD设计,确定了最优减震参数,通过分析实际地震波作用下的结构响应,表明所设计的TMD在地震动作用下对三相叠积电抗器有十分明显的减震效果,证实用本文方法可以有效地对多自由度复杂结构设计TMD进行减震控制.     

结构主动开闭环多重调谐质量阻尼器（AMTMD）新控制策略

提出了一种新控制策略——主动开闭环多重调谐质量阻尼器(AMTMD)。AMTMD控制系统频率呈线性分布。AMTMD中的MTMD保持相同的刚度和阻尼系数但质量变化。基于TMD的工作原理定义了AMTMD的主动控制力构成即保持相同的位移和速度反馈增益系数但变化结构和地震加速度反馈增益系数。基于结构的广义振型模型，导出了设置AMTMD时结构的动力放大系数(DMF)，于是优化准则可定义为：Min．Min．Max．DMF．通过最优搜寻，研究了反映AMTMD有效性和鲁棒性的参数。这些参数包括：频率间隔、平均阻尼比、调谐频率比、总数、质量比和标准化加速度反馈增益系数。为了比较，多重调谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)和主动开闭环调谐质量阻尼器(ATMD)也被考虑。     

人体--结构系统的水平振动实验

针对静止状态人对结构水平振动特性的影响,建立实验平台,分别测试并分析了质量块-结构系统、单人-结构系统、多人-结构系统水平自振频率与阻尼比变化规律.给出了两种人-结构系统静态水平耦合模型的比较分析以及人体的水平振动频率估计.结果表明:在分析静止状态下人对结构水平振动特性的影响时,人体不可简单作为质量块或质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,而应看作带人体刚性质量的质量-弹簧-阻尼系统.结合实验测试数据和人-结构系统水平耦合模型,得到人体水平前后向频率范围为0.236～3.748 Hz,人体水平左右向频率范围为0.194～5.32 Hz.     

混联Ⅰ型惯容系统基于李鸿晶谱的地震响应分析

针对设有混联Ⅰ型惯容系统的耗能结构基于李鸿晶谱的响应分析较为繁琐的问题，提出求解地震响应的简明封闭解法，并研究了惯容系统基本参数对减震性能的影响。首先，建立惯容系统和结构之间的微分型本构关系，并运用复模态法和虚拟激励法获得结构系列响应的统一解。其次，将结构系列响应的功率谱密度函数精确转化为复特征值及结构自振频率平方和表示的二次分解式，进而获得响应0阶～2阶谱矩的简明封闭解。最后，通过数值算例验证了所提方法的正确性及计算的高效性，对惯容系统参数的研究表明，当惯容系数和阻尼系数越大，结构减震效果越好，而刚度系数对结构的减震效果取决于惯容系统名义圆频率与结构自振圆频率的比值，当两者比值为0.9时减震效果最好。     

基于遗传算法的建筑结构最优阻尼研究

为了确定建筑结构的最优阻尼,本文采用了具有鲁棒性的临界激励法。使用临界激励法时,频率作用区问较难确定,为此,本文通过模态变换以减少高阶频率的影响,这样可以简化频率作用区间的搜寻。在保证结构抗震效果的前提下,为进一步减少结构总的阻尼增量并使优化算法简单可行,本文引入实代码遗传算法。此外,通过实例分析可知,底部楼层阻尼取较大的值是有利的。     

弹性箔片动压径向气体轴承动特性的实验研究

建立了新型弹性箔片动压气体轴承性能测试实验台，在静载60N、转速9000r／min条件下进行轴承性能测试试验，通过中心插值法获得轴承中心的扰动速度和加速度，采用时域最小二乘法计算不同激振频率下的8个轴承动态线性刚度和阻尼系数，考察了激振频率对轴承动特性系数的影响．结果表明：轴颈中心扰动轨迹为椭圆形且振幅随动态激振频率增加而增大；刚度和阻尼系数的直接项随动态激振频率增加而减小；交叉刚度和阻尼相对激振频率的变化较小，且其值小于直接项；当激振频率与轴颈转动频率相同时，工频成分的影响较大，轴心扰动幅值明显增大，刚度和阻尼的直接项小于其它频率时的值．     

智能压电结构的新型阻尼修正模型

针对智能压电结构中，结构和压电材料之间的耦合和压电材料的动态输出，对结构阻尼的影响，提出了一种新的分段阻尼模型。由于压电结构和系统之间的耦合效应，整个结构的刚度和阻尼都会发生变化，尤其是阻尼会发生动态的变化。静态阻尼模型的描述已不能满足描述需要，而文中的分段阻尼模型能更精确地描述智能压电结构中的阻尼，以及系统的动态响应。以悬臂梁为例，实验结果验证了原静态阻尼模型的误差较大，而新模型比原模型精确反映了系统的幅频相应，比原模型更加合理和准确。     

基于修正的Clough-Penzien地震动模型时MTMD的动力特性

研究了由许多刚度和阻尼保持常量而频率呈线性分布的TMD形成的MTMD的地震特性，基于虚拟激励法和本文提出的平稳过滤有色噪声地震动模型（修正的Clough-Penzien地震动模型），建立了结构－MTMD系统的传递函数，进而导出了设置MTMD时结构的动力放大系数（DMF）明确表达式。MTMD的优化准则可选为最大动力放大系数的最小值的最小化（Min.Min.Max.DMF)。通过最优搜寻可得MTMD的最优频率间隔、平均阻尼比、调谐频率比和相应的无量纲控制有效性指标。考虑结构受控频率与场地土卓越频率比的不同取值和不同场地类型，研究了场地土卓越频率和场地类型对MTMD最优参数及有效性的影响。而且，为比较，基于Clogh-Penzien地震动模型和不考虑地震动模型的结果也被考虑。     

土—结构相互作用对高柔结构风振响应TMD控制的影响

文中研究了土－结构相互作用对高层,高耸结构风振响应TMD控制的影响,讨论了结构不同基础类型和不同地在土介质对TMD风振控制效率的影响,数值结构表明,土－结构相互作用对风振响应TMD控制的影响不同于对地震响应TMD控制的影响。     

海洋平台离散模型振动控制研究

对近海平台离散结构模型在特征波浪载荷下,以平台上甲板最小位移为目标,比较了单个及多个调谐阻尼器（TMD）对系统各阶模态的抑振效果,结果表明,安装在第一模态质量上的调谐阻尼器对系统各阶模态振动的抑制作用最大;获得了海洋平台离散模型振动控制阻尼器的设计优化参数,为工程阻尼器设计提供了依据。     

大跨度桥梁多模态耦合颤振的TMD控制

推导了装有TMD的结构在气动自激力作用下的动力微分方程,基于模态空间中多模态耦合颤振分析手段,运用考虑安装TMD的多模态自动分析法对结构-TMD系统进行了颤振分析和TMD控制分析,使多模态自动分析法能适用于TMD颤振控制分析,避免了双参数搜索和迭代计算,提高了计算效率。对某在建三塔悬索桥进行了原结构颤振分析和TMD-结构颤振频域分析,探讨TMD控制参数对颤振临界风速的影响。     

The Hanging Rope of Minimum Elongation for a Nonlinear Stress-Strain Relation

We consider the problem of determining the shape that minimizes the elongation of a rope that hangs vertically under its own weight and an applied force, subject to either a constraint of fixed total mass or fixed total volume. The constitutive function for the rope is given by a nonlinear stress-strain relation and the mass-density function of the rope can be variable. For the case of fixed total mass we show that the problem can be explicitly solved in terms of the mass density function, applied force, and constitutive function. In the special case where the mass-density function is constant, we show that the optimal cross-sectional area of the rope is as that for a linear stress-strain relation (Hooke's Law). For the total fixed volume problem, we use the implicit function theorem to show the existence of a branch of solutions depending on the parameter representing the acceleration of gravity. This local branch of solutions is extended globally using degree theoretic techniques.     

Assessment of gas thermodynamic characteristics on fluidic thrust vectoring performance: Analytical,experimental and numerical study

The cross injection in a supersonic flow is an issue encountered in several aerodynamic applications such as fuel injection in scramjet combustor, missile control, drag reduction and thrust vector control. In a recent work, an analytical model has been presented to calculate the fluidic thrust vectoring performance for a supersonic axisymmetric nozzle. The model is able to take into account both the injected gas thermodynamic properties and the geometrical nozzle characteristics. The analytical model has been successfully validated following the cold air flow experimental analysis, in the case of fluidic thrust vectoring applied to conical nozzle. The aim of this work is to show how far the injected gas thermodynamic properties, different from that of the nozzle main flow, could influence the fluidic thrust vectorization parameters.In this work, the experimental performance of the fluidic thrust vectoring concept, using numbers of gases as injectant, has been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Schlieren visualization, force balance and wall pressure measurements were used in the case of a truncated ideal contour nozzle. The experimental results are compared to the numerical and analytical findings.Performance analysis are conducted and basic conclusions are drawn in terms of thermodynamic gas properties effect on the fluidic thrust vector system. The primary effect was related to the gas molecular weight and its specific heat ratio product. It is observed that for fixed injection conditions, the vectoring angle is higher when the injected gas molecular weight and specific heat ratio product is less than that of the primary gas. For a given mission of the launcher, it can be concluded that the mass of the embedded gas, used for the fluidic vectorization system, can be significantly reduced, depending on its molecular weight and specific heat ratio.     

波纹板结构动力学建模及其自由振动特性分析

波纹板结构是高速列车中较为常见的型材结构,因其具有轻质、高强度和高稳定性等一系列优点,所以广泛应用于车体结构轻量化设计。首先,基于一阶剪切变形理论和中厚壳(圆弧壳)理论,采用微分求积有限元法(DQFEM)建立一般边界条件下五自由度波纹板结构的通用动力学分析模型;紧接着对五自由度波纹板结构动力学模型进行收敛性验证,确定最佳微分节点数和惩罚因子的取值;然后,采用有限软件(ABAQUS)验证了建立模型的准确性;最后根据已建立模型,研究波纹板结构参数对其振动特性的影响。结果表明,波纹板结构厚度和固支边界条件会增加其固有频率,提高波纹板结构的稳定性,使得共振频率向高频移动;增加波纹板结构长度、参与耦合圆弧壳半径和参与耦合圆弧壳弧度会降低其固有频率,使得共振频率向低频移动。     

Investigating swirl and tumble using two prototype inlet port designs by means of multi-planar PIV

Flow structures created during the intake stroke of an engine were investigated by means of multi-planar particle image velocimetry (PIV). A unique water-analogue engine model has been developed, where all essential parts and parameters, such as the cylinder head, valve timing, piston geometry and motion, etc. can easily be modified. Two cylinder heads with geometrically different inlet ports were investigated and experiments were performed with both moving and fixed valves. Three-dimensional visualisations of the flow field, mode decomposition through proper orthogonal decomposition, circulation as well as classical statistics were obtained and evaluated in order to gain an understanding of the flow structures, i.e. tumble and swirl, created by the two cylinder heads. It was clearly shown that one of the cylinder heads created a strong swirling motion in the cylinder. Three different fixed valve positions were investigated and the fully opened valve gave the strongest large-scale structures, whereas with smaller openings a larger amount of the kinetic energy was converted into small-scale turbulence. Results showed a more organised and stable flow field consisting of a well-defined swirl motion occupying the whole cylinder at the end of the intake stroke when the valves were fixed at the highest position. The moving valve case gave results similar to the fully open case but with slightly higher turbulence. Cycle-to-cycle variations were found to be less pronounced for these two cases as compared to the smaller fixed valve lifts. The second cylinder head showed a flow field that was more turbulent and much less coherent. Statistical analysis showed that this had a direct effect on cyclic variations in the flow where this head showed more profound variations.