基于移动粒子半隐式法的表面张力模拟

采用移动粒子半隐式法(MPS)模拟了受表面张力影响的自由面流动。表面张力的计算采取了一种较适合于MPS方法的表面自由能模型。方形液滴振荡和射流断裂的模拟结果分别与理论分析和试验结果一致,同时进行了三维射流注水模拟,从而验证了MPS方法结合该表面张力模型可以有效、方便地进行自由面流动中表面张力现象的模拟。     

不可压缩流动的移动粒子半隐式法数值模拟

介绍了一种新的移动粒子半隐式方法。该方法采用Lagrange描述,用一系列离散粒子代替流体,通过半隐式求解和时间推进法来进行计算,弥补了传统网格法对复杂形状、大变形、高速撞击等情况下网格划分和重构过于繁琐的缺点,在模拟不可压缩流动问题中得到了较好的效果。     

预测结构性能退化的混合粒子滤波方法

由于载荷,环境以及材料内部因素的作用,结构的性能一般随时间而逐渐退化. 为了评估结构服役期间的状态,常采用随机变量模型来描述结构性能的退化规律. 即,采用含不确定性模型参数的物理模型来逼近结构响应特性. 利用同类型结构的先知数据集信息可确定模型参数的先验分布. 结合结构服役期间的检测信息和贝叶斯原理,对模型参数进行更新,从而提高物理模型的准确性. 本文提出一种混合粒子滤波方法(particle filter-differential evolution adaptive Metropolis,PF-DREAM)用于模型更新,即:在确定参数先验分布时,采用证据理论(Dempster-shafer theory, DST)初始化模型参数;结合差分进化自适应 Metropolis 算法(differential evolution adaptive Metropolis, DREAM)和粒子滤波(particle filter, PF)算法,来计算更新公式中的复杂的高维积分. 相比于传统的 PF 算法,混合 PF-DREAM 方法可以有效提高样本粒子的多样性,解决重采样算法中粒子多样性匮乏的问题,从而得到更加合理的物理模型. 为了证明该方法的有效性,将提出的方法分别应用于电池性能退化和裂纹扩展规律预测. 算例表明采用本文提出的模型参数确定方法,使得物理模型更加合理,性能预测更加准确. 用于更新的数据越多,模型参数的分散性越小. 本文方法应用于高维问题或隐式函数问题时,计算原理和步骤不发生改变,但函数评价次数和计算时间会随之增大.      

SPH粒子初始化均布方法及其均布质量评价

光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)是一种拉格朗日型无网格粒子法，粒子均布程度是影响SPH分析精度和稳定 性的重要因素．本文基于射线法提出了一种在异形多边形区域内均布SPH粒子的方法，先在多边形的最小外包 矩形范围内均布粒子，再通过射线法和辅助筛选条件保留区域内的粒子；通过生成粒子的Voronoi多边形计算 其变异系数值(Cv)，作为SPH粒子均布质量的评价标准，其值越小，粒子均布质量越高．为验证该方法提高分 析精度的有效性，基于爆轰侵彻的经典实验，建立由经典三角形和四边形均布粒子法构建的模型甲、模型乙和 本文模型丙，用 LS-DYNA 中的 SPH 模块进行仿真分析．研究表明，模型丙的 Cv 分别比模型甲和模型乙低 4.88 %和5.22 %；模型甲、乙和丙射流头部速度分别为5 960、5 900和6 060 m/s，较经典实验的6 100 m/s分别 相差2.3 %、3.3 %和0.7 %，相对于模型甲和模型乙，模型丙计算精度提高了1.6 %和2.6 %．因此，本文方法可 快速有效地均匀布置SPH粒子，提高分析精度     

粒子法中压力振荡的机理研究

移动粒子半隐式法(moving particle semi-implicit method, MPS)是一种适用于不可压缩流体的无网格方法, MPS方法常应用于自由表面大变形问题.MPS 方法提出至今一直存在着严重的压力振荡问题. 本研究针对MPS 方法中存在的压力振荡现象, 首先将实际的物理问题简化为一维模型, 并从粒子之间相互位置关系的角度说明了MPS 方法中压力波动产生的原因.在采用MPS方法进行模拟时, 加入了粒子碰撞模型, 通过对碰撞系数的选择从而控制粒子之间的相互位置关系.并且对经典的溃坝问题进行了模拟, 结果表明随着碰撞系数的增加, 粒子数密度偏差的波动幅度都会减小, 从而压力振荡的幅度得到了有效的抑制.并且对比了两种不同核函数对压力振荡的影响, 结果表明: 采用高斯核函数时, 压力振荡的幅度更小, 这是因为采用高斯核函数时, 相同的粒子位置波动幅度将会得到较小的粒子数密度偏差的波动.由于在模拟过程中粒子运动的随机性, 这将导致粒子数密度偏差产生随机的波动, 从而产生压力振荡, 因此粒子法中的压力振荡很难彻底消除.      

混合粒子联邦滤波在多信息组合导航系统中的应用

在组合导航多信息滤波系统的应用中,会遇到部分子滤波器为非线性系统的情况。提出了一种混合粒子联邦滤波方法,把高斯粒子滤波获取多维高斯分布的计算过程融入到联邦卡尔曼滤波结构框架中,并采用该滤波框架解决混合系统的多信息融合问题,该算法在滤波模型的适应性方面要优于传统的联邦滤波。以组合导航多信息融合问题为例,建立了混合粒子联邦滤波模型,对该算法进行了仿真,仿真结果验证了混合粒子联邦滤波的有效性。     

粒子滤波及其在导航系统中的应用综述

传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波方法要求对非线性系统近似线性化,有可能会引入较大的模型误差.应用粒子滤波解决了这一问题.该算法可以直接应用于原系统的非线性模型当中,并且不需考虑系统噪声和量测噪声是否为高斯白噪声,都能得到很好的滤波效果.文中介绍了粒子滤波的理论基础-贝叶斯估计及具体的实现方式-蒙特卡罗方法;指出粒子滤波存在的退化问题,并从减小退化现象入手将重要性采样和再采样方法引入到算法之中;最后阐述了粒子滤波在导航系统中的一些应用.     

粒子滤波的改进优化方法及在组合导航系统中的应用

组合导航系统中存在非线性环节,粒子滤波技术能较好地解决这些非线性问题.本文根据常见组合导航系统非线性滤波问题,总结了组合导航系统非线性滤波模型特点及一般建模方法.从粒子滤波算法实现框架出发,分析总结了粒子滤波性能特点及其改进演化规律.根据惯性组合导航系统中数据处理特点,对如何选择适合组合导航系统的粒子滤波算法提出了选择原则.分析和总结了组合导航系统中非线性滤波建模方法及粒子滤波改进优化策略,对解决组合导航系统的非线性滤波问题具有理论和实践指导意义.     

高速碰撞数值计算中的SPH自适应粒子分布法

针对传统光滑粒子法在计算高速碰撞问题时会出现近邻粒子逸出核函数影响域而产生数值破坏这一缺陷,提出了一种根据粒子间距变化自动添加、合并粒子的SPH自适应粒子分布算法。采用该方法对Taylor碰撞和超高速碰撞问题进行了数值模拟,结果表明,该方法可以有效地消除计算中出现的数值破坏,提高计算精度。     

粒子法中自由表面粒子识别

针对移动粒子半隐式法MPS（Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method）基于粒子数密度来判断自由表面会出现将内部粒子误判为自由表面粒子的问题,提出了一种结合几何法和体积法的自由表面粒子判定方法。通过对溃坝问题进行数值模拟,结果表明,全新的自由表面粒子判定方法对流体平稳运动以及剧烈运动两种工况,都能准确地判断出自由表面粒子,解决了基于粒子数密度判断方法因粒子分布稀疏产生误判的问题。[JP2]这种全新的自由表面粒子判定方法对今后采用MPS方法计算两相流问题时,两种介质在界面处的传热传质计算有重要意义。     

A moving particle semi‐implicit method for free surface flow: Improvement in inter‐particle force stabilization and consistency restoring

The moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method has been widely applied in free surface flows. However, the implementation of MPS remains limited because of compressive instability occurred when the particles are under compressive stress states. This study proposed an inter‐particle force stabilization and consistency restoring MPS (IFS‐CR‐MPS) method to overcome this numerical instability. For inter‐particle force stabilization, a hyperbolic‐shaped quintic kernel function is developed with a non‐negative and smooth second order derivative to satisfy the stability criterion under compressive stress state. Then, a contrastive study is conducted on the contradiction between the common understanding of the conventional MPS hyperbolic‐shaped kernel function and its performance. The result shows that the conventional MPS hyperbolic‐shaped kernel function can easily cause violent repulsive inter‐particle force and then lead to the compressive instability. Therefore, the first order derivative of the modified hyperbolic‐shaped quintic kernel function is recommended as the form of the contribution of the neighbor particles to achieve a more stable inter‐particle repulsive force. For consistency restoring, the Taylor series expansion and the hyperbolic‐shaped quintic kernel are combined to improve the accuracy of the viscosity and pressure calculation. The IFS‐CR‐MPS algorithm is subsequently verified by the inviscid hydrostatic pressure, jet impacting, and viscous droplet impacting problems. These results can be used for choosing kernel function and the contribution of neighbor particles in particle methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative study of two corrective gradient models in the simulation of multiphase flows using moving particle semi-implicit method

In this study, two corrective gradient models (CGMs) are compared in the simulation of multiphase flows. Linear consistency of the gradient model of moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method has been recovered by introducing corrective matrix. However, it is found that particles tend to disperse along the streamline while using the CGM proposed in a previous study. Particle shifting (PS) schemes are necessary to reduce the irregularity of particle distribution to stabilize the calculation. To enhance the accuracy and stability, another CGM with dummy particle (CGMD) was proposed in our previous study. This enhanced CGM is featured by linear consistency and purely repulsive pressure gradient force. In this study, this enhanced CGM is modified and applied to multiphase flow simulation. Comparative study suggests that the modified CGM with PS scheme is capable of calculating various multiphase flows and predicting the interface evolution both clearly and accurately.     

人工黏性增强三维移动粒子半隐算法稳定性

通过综合比较移动粒子半隐方法(moving-particle semi-implicitmethod, MPS)各种稳定性计算方法, 考虑了多种可能导致计算不稳定的因素, 并首次提出加入人工黏性来抑制非物理压力振荡, 得到了较为稳定的三维MPS算法.采用各种稳定性方案对比模拟了三维立方流体旋转状态下的变形及三维静水压问题, 并进一步与商业软件的流体体积函数方法(volumeof fluid, VOF)模型计算结果对比, 验证了其正确性.结果表明:对三维情形, 单纯应用已有的稳定性算法仍难以满足MPS计算稳定性的要求, 而进一步辅以该文提出的人工黏性方法则可以在准确性及稳定性方面均取得较好的效果, 且计算结果显示, 通过该文提出的开关模式增加人工黏性并不影响压强泊松方程的求解精度, 因而不会对流场的求解产生负面作用.     

粒子法中压力振荡问题的研究

传统移动粒子半隐式法MPS(Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method)中一直存在压力振荡问题,针对此问题对MPS方法进行改进。改进的MPS方法,采用一种新型抑制压力振荡的压力泊松方程离散格式;在核函数的选择方面,采用能够增加计算稳定性的二次样条核函数;并且针对MPS方法中粒子插值不完整问题,对粒子插值不完整性进行了修正。应用改进的MPS方法对溃坝问题进行数值模拟验证。结果表明,应用改进的MPS方法能够得到更为光滑的压力场空间分布。对模拟过程中的检测点压力进行采集,并且与实验值进行对比分析,发现改进的MPS方法能够有效地抑制模拟过程中的压力振荡,而且与实验值接近。同时应用改进的MPS方法对静水问题进行验证模拟,发现改进的MPS方法能够有效地抑制模拟过程中的压力振荡,而且监测点的压力与理论解接近。改进的MPS方法对今后应用MPS方法模拟实际工程问题,并且获得准确稳定的压力值有着重要的意义。     

Improvement of moving particle semi‐implicit method for simulation of progressive water waves

Precise simulation of the propagation of surface water waves, especially when involving breaking wave, takes a significant place in computational fluid dynamics. Because of the strong nonlinear properties, the treatment of large surface deformation of free surface flow has always been a challenging work in the development of numerical models. In this paper, the moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method, an entirely Lagrangian method, is modified to simulate wave motion in a 2‐D numerical wave flume preferably. In terms of consecutive pressure distribution, a new and simple free surface detection criterion is proposed to enhance the free surface recognition in the MPS method. In addition, a revised gradient model is deduced to diminish the effect of nonuniform particle distribution and then to reduce the numerical wave attenuation occurring in the original MPS model. The applicability and stability of the improved MPS method are firstly demonstrated by the calculation of hydrostatic problem. It is revealed that these modifications are effective to suppress the pressure oscillation, weaken the local particle clustering, and boost the stability of numerical algorithm. It is then applied to investigate the propagation of progressive waves on a flat bed and the wave breaking on a mild slope. Comparisons with the analytical solutions and experimental results indicate that the improved MPS model can give better results about the profiles and heights of surface waves in contrast with the previous MPS models. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Space potential particles to enhance the stability of projection-based particle methods

Particle methods have been seldom verified by a Karman vortex simulation, which is commonly performed as a typical benchmark in computational fluid dynamics. This is mainly due to a difficulty in suppression of occurrence of unphysical voids manifested usually in a strong vortex on account of definition of free surface by the Lagrangian tracking framework with inconsistency in volume conservation. This paper presents a simple and effective scheme as a free-surface boundary condition of projection-based particle methods, namely the MPS (moving particle semi-implicit) and Incompressible SPH (ISPH) methods to handle the free surface with consistency in volume conservation. The new scheme is introduced into the Poisson pressure equation (PPE) with consideration of a potential in void space as space potential particle (SPP), to reproduce physical motions of particles around free surface through a particle–void interaction. The enhancing effect of the newly proposed SPP scheme is shown by simulating a few numerical tests, including a whirling water flow, a two-phase surfacing flow, and a set of Karman vortex simulations.     

Improvement of stability in moving particle semi‐implicit method

Moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method is one of the particle methods, which can be used to analyze incompressible free surface flow without surface tracking by a mesh or a scalar quantity. However, MPS causes unphysical numerical oscillation of pressure with high frequencies. We proposed a new formulation for the source term of Poisson equation of pressure. The proposed source term consists of three parts, one main part and two error‐compensating parts. With proper selection of the coefficients for the error‐compensating parts, we can suppress the unphysical pressure oscillation. Smoother pressure distributions are obtained in hydrostatic pressure and dam break problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MPS与GPU结合数值模拟LNG液舱晃荡

液舱晃荡是一种在外部激励作用下部分装载的液舱内液体的波动现象,它会对液舱结构强度和运输船舶稳性产生危害.移动粒子半隐式法(moving particle semi-implicit,MPS)是一种典型的无网格粒子类方法,可以有效地模拟剧烈的液舱晃荡问题.但MPS方法存在计算效率低的缺点,难以模拟大规模三维问题,而GPU并行加速技术已广泛应用于科学计算领域.因此,本文将MPS方法与GPU并行加速技术相结合,采用CUDA程序语言编写,自主开发了MPSGPU-SJTU求解器,对三维液化天然气(liquefiednatural gas, LNG)型液舱晃荡进行了数值模拟.通过三种不同粒子间距的数值模拟,验证了求解器的收敛性,其中最大计算粒子数达到了200多万.与其他研究结果相比,MPSGPU-SJTU求解器能够准确地预测壁面砰击压力,并且捕捉晃荡过程中自由面的大幅度变形和强非线性破碎现象.相比CPU求解器的计算时间,GPU并行加速技术可以大幅度地减小计算时长,提高MPS方法的计算效率.本文将LNG型液舱与方型液舱的晃荡进行对比,结果表明在高充液率下LNG型液舱可以有效地减小晃荡幅值和壁面砰击压力.但在中低充液率下,LNG型液舱则会加剧晃荡,自由面呈现明显的三维特征.本文还进一步研究了水和LNG两种不同介质的液舱晃荡现象,数值模拟结果表明二者的流场基本相似,砰击压力则正比于液体密度.