海上浮式软管释放过程的动力学分析

基于凝集质量法,将浮式软管离散成凝集质量模型,参照某浮式软管的具体参数,结合浮式软管释放的具体过程,通过必要的简化,利用动力学分析软件Orca Flex建立了固定链突然断裂情形下浮式软管释放过程的动力学模型。计算结果表明:浮式软管的释放过程中,软管的最大张力并不是出现在首、尾端;浮式软管的挠性使得波浪力的冲击得到较好的释放,浮式软管的首、尾端易与船舷发生碰撞与摩擦,软管首、尾端垂向升沉较为剧烈,中间区域基本不会发生较大的升沉。计算结果可为浮式软管的释放提供技术支持。     

支座位移非线性迭代法确定软管平衡形态

在海洋工程计算领域软管空间形态的非线性分析是特别复杂的课题,更加困难与令人易于受挫的研究方向是寻求软管在各种外荷载作用下软管的平衡形态。本文通过支座位移非线性迭代法结合空间梁结构非线性有限元分析理论加Newton-Raphson荷载增量法成功地解决了这一问题,并进行了相关的实验研究。边界条件考虑了固端约束与铰支约束,浮力既可分布作用也可集中作用在软管的任意位置。计算结果表示本文理论的正确性,在工程应用上具有重要的意义。     

微流量控制钻井环空波动压力反问题研究

根据质量守恒及动量守恒方程,建立了微流量控制钻井过程中的节流阀调节的限压/限时动作模型,通过计算机编程对其求解,提出了有模型的节流阀控制环空波动压力方法。计算结果表明:环空中最大波动压力可通过限压/限时调节控制;节流阀控制环空最大波动压力均遵循省时不省压、省压不省时的规律,随限时减小环空波动压力高峰值增加,随限压减小节流阀调节时间增大,随井底溢流量增大,节流阀驻阀开度减小;节流阀关阀时间延长3.2s,节流阀开度低谷值增大2.5度,环空所受波动压力高峰值减小0.3MPa;限压/限时调节控制核心是采用触探式反复调节的方式控制节流阀开度。     

空中加油软管拖曳位置计算

本文从作用在加油软管上的力平衡条件出发,导出了加油软管拖曳位置方程.然后,通过对方程和边界条件的简化处理,将此方程转化成可用梯形积分法求解的简单形式.实例计算结果表明,本文计算方法对研究空中加油系统和确定加油机与受油机加油对接位置,特别显得简单有效。     

基于舌/上颚微间隙下流体流动行为研究

为探讨口腔环境下流体的流动行为，采用数值方法与流变试验深入研究舌/上颚微间隙下流体流量的影响因素. 建立舌/上颚微间隙的简化模型及Reynolds方程，通过数值方法获取微间隙下流量变化；在DHR-2流变仪上研究非牛顿流体的黏度与剪切率的变化，探讨牛顿流体和非牛顿流体的流量影响. 结果表明:牛顿流体流量平方的倒数同载荷和黏度比值和时间均呈线性函数关系；所制备的非牛顿流体近似为幂律流体，其黏度随脂肪含量的增加而增大，而非牛顿流体流量率先高于后低于等效牛顿流体，其研究结果将为特定人群功能产品的研发提供技术支持.      

对离心压缩机进气预旋的分析

在离心式压缩机中,采用改变叶轮前的进口预旋以调节运行工况,这种方法已为许多机器所应用,这种方法的经济性虽不及采用改变转速进行调节的方法优越,但却有其他的优点。比如说,调节进口预旋既能具有较大的稳定工作区(在减小流量时),又不需要把原动机驱动变速,等等。在机器的设计中如何利用进口预旋的优点,这是值得重     

组装式微流控系统制备双重包裹微液滴的方法研究

介绍了一种组装式微流控系统制备单、双重包裹微液滴的方法。微系统中用三通接头构成T型微流体通道,使得分散相在连续相强烈的剪切力和压力差作用下断裂形成单个微米级液滴。在制备单个微液滴基础上,用毛细管将两个三通接头串联,通过调控三相流量,可产生双重包裹液滴。结合实验结果,分析了流体粘度比对液滴大小的影响,并得出液滴的尺寸与流量比之间的关系式,为制备不同尺寸的液滴提供了参考依据。对制备的样品进行统计分析,结果显示,液滴的多分散性指数均小于3.2%,表明微液滴的高度均匀性。此外,通过调节三相液体的流量不仅可以控制内外层液滴的大小,还可以调节内层包裹液滴的个数。本文提出的制备方法,设备组装拆卸简便,不需表面亲疏水性处理,装置利用率高,产生的单、双重包裹微液滴可满足高通量的测量分析要求。     

多级轴流压气机多叶排调节扩稳优化分析

整理和归纳出合适的流动损失和落后角模型,并将其与逐排基元叶片算法相结合,给出了计算多级轴流压气机特性工程方法;进一步将其与复合形优化方法相结合,对多级轴流压气机多叶排调节扩稳进行了优化模拟,并应用于某8级轴流压气机算例计算.结果表明,在部分转速工况下,采用带性能约束的优化调节在不明显降低性能的同时能够显著减小多级压气机不稳定点流量;在设计工况下,采用适当的变几何优化调节不仅能明显扩大压气机稳定工作范围,还能明显提高压气机绝热效率.     

A Comparative Study on Traffic Flow Models Based on Real Measured Data

依据上海延安高架路段的交通流录像资料提取的26000余组实测数据，作出流量-密度图，发现即使在低密度时流密关系亦具有非线性二维区域特性。通过与Kerner提出的非线性二维流密关系模型进行比较，指出一些符合中国交通状况的现象可在图中得以体现。利用观测得到的大量数据，在按密度划分的不同区间内对已有的多个平衡函数进行最优筛选，得到分段平衡函数的表达式，使交通流模型更加贴近真实交通状况。最后提出了基于实测数据计算激进型驾驶者比例的方法，该方法的关键在于利用各种经过特征值变换后的平衡函数形式模拟已有数据的区域边界。关键词：交通流模型；实测数据；流量-密度图；分段平衡函数；激进型驾驶者     

磁控溅射制备BCN薄膜纳米力学和摩擦磨损行为的研究

利用直流磁控溅射技术制备三元BCN薄膜，通过改变N2／Ar流量比（0．0～0．3）得到不同含氮量的薄膜．采用X射线光电子能谱仪和傅立叶红外光谱仪分析薄膜的成分和结构，采用纳米压入仪分析薄膜的纳米力学性能和纳米摩擦磨损特性，分别采用连续刚度测量法和横向力测量法测试薄膜的硬度和划痕行为．结果表明：薄膜中氮含量随N2／Ar流量比增加而增大并趋于稳定；反应气体中的氮优先与硼结合生成B—N键，当N2／Ar流量比超过一定值后，部分氮与碳结合生成C=N键；薄膜的纳米硬度和弹性模量随薄膜中氮含量的增加而下降；BCN薄膜的划痕深度与薄膜的结构密切相关，而摩擦系数受薄膜结构的影响不明显；在相同载荷下薄膜的划痕深度随薄膜中氮含量增加而增大；对于同一试样，薄膜在未破裂之前摩擦系数基本保持在0．10左右，薄膜破裂后摩擦系数迅速增至0．46．     

Wave propagation in physiological collapsible tubes and a proposal for a Shapiro number

In this Brief Communication, a few introductory comments are made first, regarding wave propagation in collapsible tubes and flow limitation, as well as what is commonly referred to as the “speed index”, namely the ratio of the flow velocity in the collapsible tube divided by the wave-propagation velocity. It is then proposed that it is fitting for this speed index to be henceforth named as the Shapiro number.     

黄土物理性质与湿陷性的关系及其工程意义

以陇东地区黄土为研究对象,探讨了湿陷系数与各种物理指标的内在联系,采用多因素回归分析建立了湿陷系数与含水量、孔隙比、塑性指数(粘粒含量)的分析模型,结果显示湿陷系数与物理指标间具有良好的相关性,采用物理指标计算的湿陷总量与实验测试总量较为接近,计算结果更好的反映湿陷性随取样深度变化的规律,对评价湿陷性黄土地基具有工程实用价值。     

Computation of Stokes Flow in a Channel with a Collapsible Segment

The numerical solution of Stokes flow in two-dimensional channel in which a segment of one wall is formed by an elastic membrane under longitudinal tension and the remaining channel boundary is rigid is considered. This model problem is being used to gain an understanding of the complex interactions that occurs between the fluid flow and the wall mechanics when fluid flows through a collapsible tube, examples of which are widespread in physiology. Previous work by Pedley considered a similar system using lubrication theory in which the wall slopes are assumed small. The results showed that as the longitudinal wall tension is reduce, the downstream end of the collapsible segment becomes ever steeper, thus violating the assumptions. Here, lubrication theory is abandoned and a numerical solution of the full governing equations, including the complete expression for wall curvature, is sought using an iterative scheme. The effect of the variation in wall tension due to the fluid shear stresses at the compliant boundary is also included.Results are presented for a range of transmural (internal minus external) pressures and wall tensions. It is found, however, that as the wall tension is reduced, the iterative scheme considered fails to converge. This similar behaviour to that seen by Silliman & Scriven in viscous free-surface flows. Possible reasons for this breakdown together with alternative solution strategies are discussed.     

原状黄土显微结构特征与湿陷性状分析

基于原状黄土的显微结构扫描电镜及室内湿陷性试验,分析了黄土的微结构特性和不同压力不同含水量下黄土的湿陷性状及其之间的内在联系,结果表明:随着埋藏深度的增加,由支架大孔微胶结结构逐渐变为镶嵌微孔半胶结结构,支架大孔孔隙发育逐渐变为粒间孔隙发育,再为微孔孔隙发育;黄土在增湿情况下其湿陷系数-压力关系曲线由三部分组成,初始压缩变形阶段,是结构强度发挥阶段,变形较小,黄土微结构没有遭到破坏;曲线第一转折点δs=0.015后,原有结构破坏,微结构发生变化,颗粒重新排列,湿陷速率增大,是湿陷变形主要阶段;达到峰值后,颗粒间形成了新的结构,湿陷变形幅度减小;随着骨架颗粒连接逐渐变为非架空的镶嵌排列,湿陷起始压力及峰值湿陷压力值随着埋藏深度的增加而增加,而峰值湿陷系数和湿陷变形量的压力范围随着埋藏深度的增加而变小;骨架颗粒特征和孔隙特征是黄土湿陷性的内在影响因素,而胶结物的多寡及胶结状态是黄土湿陷性强弱的主要影响因素之一。     

A Taylor series‐based finite volume method for the Navier–Stokes equations

A Taylor series‐based finite volume formulation has been developed to solve the Navier–Stokes equations. Within each cell, velocity and pressure are obtained from the Taylor expansion at its centre. The derivatives in the expansion are found by applying the Gauss theorem over the cell. The resultant integration over the faces of the cell is calculated from the value at the middle point of the face and its derivatives, which are further obtained from a higher order interpolation based on the values at the centres of two cells sharing this face. The terms up to second order in the velocity and the terms up to first order in pressure in the Taylor expansion are retained throughout the derivation. The test cases for channel flow, flow past a circular cylinder and flow in a collapsible channel have shown that the method is quite accurate and flexible. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大庆地区湿陷性黑土研究

大庆南部地区分布着一种颜色发黑、结构松散、成分复杂、对水极度敏感的工程性质极差的地质材料 ,它兼有湿陷性土、有机质土、碱土和分散土等诸多特殊土的劣质特性。通过野外调查、原位测试和室内各种试验研究 ,对这种黑土的野外特性、成分结构、物理力学性质、承载力和湿陷特性、地层年代等进行了较系统的阐述和分析 ,并通过综合比较 ,将其定名为湿陷性黑土.     

可塌陷气管的p—V关系和极限流量

通过对正常大鼠气管在不同轴向伸长比条件下作液体灌注实验,并对所得压力-容积数据进行最小二乘拟合,得到包含在拟合函数关系式中的大鼠气管材料常数,文章详细分析这些材料常数的力学含义,并对可塌陷气管的顺应性和极限流量进行讨论,文章结果为分析气管在特定力学环境中的适应性生长和塌陷特性提供重要的信息。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF STEADY FLOW IN A COMPLIANT TUBE OR CHANNEL WITH TAPERED WALL THICKNESS

Flow through compliant tubes with linear taper in wall thickness is numerically simulated by finite element analysis. Two models are examined: a compliant channel and an axisymmetric tube. For verification of the numerical method, flow through a compliant stenotic vessel is simulated and compared to existing experimental data. Steady two-dimensional flow in a collapsible channel with initial tension is also simulated and the results are compared with numerical solutions from the literature. Computational results for an axisymmetric tube show that as cross-sectional area falls with a reduction in downstream pressure, flow rate increases and reaches a maximum when the speed index (mean velocity divided by wave speed) is near unity at the point of minimum cross-sectional area, indicative of wave-speed flow limitation or “choking” (flow speed equals wave speed) in previous one-dimensional studies. For further reductions in downstream pressure, the flow rate decreases. Cross-sectional narrowing is significant but localized. For the particular wall and fluid properties used in these simulations, the area throat is located near the downstream end when the ratio of downstream-to-upstream wall thickness is 2; as wall taper is increased to 3, the constriction moves to the upstream end of the tube. In the planar two-dimensional channel, area reduction and flow limitation are also observed when outlet pressure is decreased. In contrast to the axisymmetric case, however, the elastic wall in the two-dimensional channel forms a smooth concave surface with the area throat located near the mid-point of the elastic wall. Though flow rate reaches a maximum and then falls, the flow does not appear to be choked.     

基于CFD流态分析技术的座便器虹吸管道优化设计

在Fluent软件中应用RNG $k$-$\varepsilon$湍流模型及流体体积函数(VOF)对座便 器内部三维湍流流动进行了雷诺平均N-S方程的数值模拟，得到 了座便器内流场三维流动形态，研究了座便器虹吸管内流动规律，分析了虹吸管形状对流速 分布、压力分布及虹吸性能的影响，以三维湍流场的分析结果为依据，实现了座便器虹吸管 道的优化设计. 通过PIV测试数据验证了三维湍流数值模拟结果的准确性.