63Sn-37Pb钎料合金在非比例循环加载下的非弹性流动特性研究

基于63Sn-37Pb钎料舍金在多种非比例应变循环加载下的实验结果,通过考察材料的非弹性应变率与偏应力之间的夹角随累积非弹性应变的变化规律,对63Sn-37Pb钎料合金的非弹性流动特性进行了定量分析。分析结果显示：在相同的非比例加载路径下,当加载等效应变幅值相同时,等效应变率越高,非弹性应变率与偏应力之间夹角平均水平越低,当等效应变率相同时,等效应变幅值越大,相应的夹角平均水平越低;在保持时间范围内,非弹性应变率方向与偏应力方向趋于一致;当非比例路径形状不同时,其非弹性应变率与偏应力之间的夹角随累积非弹性应变的变化趋势明显不同。研究表明,材料的非弹性流动特性强烈依赖于等效应变幅值、等效应变率、保持时间、非比例路径形状。     

循环软化45碳钢和循环硬化304不锈钢的棘轮行为实验研究

对循环软化45碳钢的单轴应力循环下的平均应力、应力幅值以及先前应变循环对棘轮效应的影响进行了实验研究;并对循环硬化的304不锈钢进行了多种非比例循环加载路径下路径形状、路径等效应力幅值、平均应变与平均应力对材料棘轮变形行为的影响实验．发现平均应力和应力幅值及其历史对于材料的棘轮行为都有很大的影响．     

304不锈钢室温和高温单轴循环塑性的实验研究

对304不锈钢进行了室温和高温单轴应变控制和应力控制下的系统循环试验。揭示和分析了循环应变幅值、平均应变及其历史和温度历史对材料应变循环特性的影响以及应力幅值、平均应力及其历史以及温度对循环棘轮行为的影响。也讨论了应变循环和应力循环间交互作用对材料循环塑性行为的影响。研究表明,无益单轴应变循环特性还是非对称单轴应力循环下的棘轮效应不仅取决于当前温度和加载状态,而且强烈依赖于其加载历史。研究得到了一些有助于304不锈钢室温和高温单轴循环行为本构描述的结果。     

对316L不锈钢的非比例循环粘塑性本构描述

对循环硬化的３１６Ｌ不锈钢提出了一个考虑非比例循环加载下流动和硬化特性的粘塑性本构模型。模型中，通过随动硬化的背应力演化以各向同性阻力演化非比例循环路径及其历史的依赖关系来表征材料的非比例循环附加硬化和非比例循环流动特性，将模型用于预测３１６Ｌ不锈钢的圆形，正菱形应变路径的复杂循环变形行为，其预言结果与实验结果吻合很好。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的非比例循环强化性能

对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行了各种比例和非比例循环本构实验,其中包括圆路径、正方形、正菱形、蝶形、三角形和两种十字形应变路径。表明其具有明显的非比例循环附加强化。在相同的等效应变幅值上,材料的附加强化与路径密切相关。对于圆路径,其附加强化度最大可达60％。通过对不同应变历史的实验研究表明,先前小的非比例度的加载历史对后继大的非比例度路径的强化没有影响;而先前大非比例度的加载路径对后继小非比例度路径的循环强化有较大影响。     

退火和调质42CrMo合金钢单轴循环塑性行为的实验研究

在室温下对退火和调质42CrMo合金钢进行了单轴应变控制和应力控制的系统循环实验,并对它们的应变循环和应力循环特性进行比较.揭示和分析了应变幅值、平均应变及其历史对材料应变循环特性的影响以及应力幅值、平均应力及其历史对棘轮行为的影响.讨论了应变循环和应力循环间的交互作用以及不同热处理工艺下材料循环变形行为间的区别.研究发现材料的热处理工艺、平均应力和应力幅值及其历史对材料的棘轮行为都有很大的影响.得到了一些有助于进行合理本构描述的结果.     

奥氏体不锈钢高温循环棘轮行为的实验研究

对两种不锈钢材料（316L和304）进行了高温应力控制下的系统循环试验。对该类材料在应力循环下的平均应力、应力幅值及其历史对循环蠕变（棘轮效应）的影响进行了分析,同时也分析了环境温度的变化以及先前应变循环对后继应力循环的棘轮行为的影响。研究表明,两种不锈钢材料在高温非对称循环下的单轴棘轮行为基本相同,不但依赖于当前温度和加载状态,而且还依赖于先前加载历史。研究得到了不锈钢材料高温单轴循环棘轮行为的一些有意义的结果。     

加载历史对循环硬化的影响

本文研究了45#钢和LY-12CZ铝合金在室温条件下拉扭复合比例及非比例加载时的循环硬化特性,其结果表明不同加载路径循环硬化程度不同,纯扭硬化程度最小,圆形路径硬化程度最大。着重研究了不同循环历史对后面循环稳定应力幅值的影响。     

FV520B钢低周疲劳循环特性及有限元分析

针对FV520B钢进行了不同应变幅值下的单轴低周疲劳试验,分析了循环特性的幅值相关性,并采用有限元方法进行了模拟计算。试验结果表明:FV520B钢在小应变幅值下,仅在循环初期表现出轻微的循环硬化,随即达到稳定状态,各应变幅值下失效前的循环软化现象并不明显;塑性变形随总应变幅的增加而显著增加。利用ANSYS软件进行模拟计算,模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好。最后,结合模拟结果,采用Coffin-Manson方程对材料进行疲劳寿命预测,预测结果均位于2倍分散带内。     

纯铝在单轴应力循环作用下棘轮行为的试验研究

对纯铝进行了单轴应变控制和应力控制下的系统循环试验。对纯铝应变循环下的循环应变幅值、应变幅值历史、平均应变对循环特性的影响进行了揭示，对纯铝在非对称应力循环下的应力幅值、平均应力及其历史对循环蠕变〈即棘轮〉的影响进行了分析，得到了纯铝单轴循环行为的一些有意义的结果。     

ON NONPROPORTIONAL CYCLIC PLASTIC BEHAVIOR OF STEEL 40

An experimental investigation was carried out on the flow characteristicand hardening of steel 40 subjected to complex combined axial-torsional cyclicstraining. For a specific cyclic strain path, the steel has mainly cyclic softeningbehavior when the strain amplitude is small. While with an increase of the effectivestrain amplitude, the softening becomes small, but there is the cyclic softening eventhough the steel is subjected to the cyclic loading by a square strain path. However, thesteel has cyclic additional hardening by a nonproportional path, compared with theproportional cycling. Generally, the additional hardening is small and its historicaleffect is not obvious at small strain amplitude. The additional hardening is remarkableby a cross-triangular strain path of large strain amplitude. The memory of the historyof nonproportional cyclic loading, the direction of plastic flow and the plastic modulusof the steel were also studied.     

一个非比例循环粘塑性本构模型

本文提出地一个考虑材料非比例循环附加强效应，非比例循环加载历史产应和应变幅值历史效应的粘塑性体构模型。在该模型中，引入了对加载过程非常弹性应变幅值的记忆变量ｑ；定义了新的非比例度；引入了考虑材料非比例度的循环饱和各向同性变形阻力参量Ｑｓ；对各向同性变开引入了具有先前加载历史记忆的演化方程，将本文模型用于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢高温循环变形行为描述，其预言结果与实验结果吻合得很好，表明该模型能很好     

Multiaxial cyclic deformation and non-proportional hardening employing discriminating load paths

Some novel discriminating multiaxial cyclic strain paths with incremental and random sequences were used to investigate cyclic deformation behavior of materials with low and high sensitivity to non-proportional loadings. Tubular specimens made of 1050 QT steel with no non-proportional hardening and 304L stainless steel with significant non-proportional hardening were used. 1050 QT steel was found to exhibit very similar behavior under various multiaxial loading paths, whereas significant effects of loading sequence were observed for 304L stainless steel. In-phase cycles with a random sequence of axial-torsion cycles on an equivalent strain circle were found to cause cyclic hardening levels similar to 90° out-of-phase loading of 304L stainless steel. In contrast, straining with a small increment of axial-torsion on an equivalent strain circle results in higher stress than for in-phase loading of 304L stainless steel, but the level of hardening is lower than for 90° out-of-phase loading. Tanaka’s non-proportionality parameter coupled with a Armstrong–Fredrick incremental plasticity model, and Kanazawa et al.’s empirical formulation as a representative of such empirical models were used to predict the stabilized stress response of the two materials under variable amplitude axial-torsion strain paths. Consistent results between experimental observations and predictions were obtained by employing the Tanaka’s non-proportionality parameter. In contrast, the empirical model resulted in significant over-prediction of stresses for 304L stainless steel.     

Uniaxial and non-proportionally multiaxial ratcheting of SS304 stainless steel at room temperature: experiments and simulations

The uniaxial and non-proportionally multiaxial ratcheting behaviors of SS304 stainless steel at room temperature were initially researched by experiment and then were theoretically described by a cyclic constitutive model in the framework of unified visco-plasticity. The effects of cyclic stress amplitude, mean stress, and their histories on the ratcheting were experimentally investigated under uniaxial and different multiaxial loading paths. The shapes of non-proportional loading paths were linear, circular, elliptical and rhombic, respectively. In the constitutive model, the rate-dependent behavior of the material was reflected by a viscous term; the cyclic flow and cyclic hardening behaviors of the material under asymmetrical stress-controlled cycling were reflected by the evolution rules of kinematic hardening back stress and isotropic deforming resistance, respectively. The effect of loading history on the ratcheting was also considered by introducing two fading memorization functions for maximum inelastic strain amplitude and isotropic deformation resistance, respectively, into the constitutive model. The effect of multiaxial loading path on the ratcheting was reflected by a non-proportional factor defined in this work. The predicting ability of the developed model was proved to be good by comparing the simulations with corresponding experiments.     

316L不锈钢随动强化模型改进研究

本文对316L不锈钢进行了单轴与多轴非比例路径下的应力控制棘轮试验,考察了应力幅值、平均应力和加载历程对棘轮特性的影响。同时进行了应变控制循环试验以研究材料的应力松弛特性。试验结果表明轴向棘轮效应在对称剪切荷载下效果明显,同时棘轮应变随应力幅值和平均应力的增加而增加。研究了Chen-Jiao随动强化模型与Jiang-Sehitoglu随动强化模型采用的单轴与多轴参数对背应力分量增量方向的影响,将Chen-Jiao模型中的多轴系数替换为界面饱和率,并在此基础上引入新的参数对塑性模量系数进行修正,计算结果表明修正后的模型能提升应力控制下多轴棘轮的预测精度,并能很好的预测应力松弛现象,表明了新模型的正确性与有效性。