双拉试样裂纹扩展过程中的应力强度因子计算

论文将使用一种界面单元来解决二维裂纹的静态扩展问题.这种界面单元基于虚拟裂纹闭合法,利用商业有限元软件ABAQUS的用户自定义单元UEL功能,发展为界面断裂单元,计算应变能释放率(GⅠ和GⅡ).在裂纹尖端的两个节点间设置一个特殊刚度的弹簧,并引入哑节点计算裂纹尖端后面的张开位移和裂纹尖端前面的虚拟裂纹扩展量.采用这种单元计算应变能释放率时不需要使用奇异单元或折叠单元,不会出现收敛问题,也不需要复杂的后续处理.因此,采用这种断裂单元分析二维裂纹扩展问题是方便的、高效率的,而且也能得到可靠的精度.     

承受弯曲的板在裂纹顶端附近的应力和变形

1.引言板壳结构是工程中常用的一种受力结构元件,对于有裂纹板的弯曲问题已经发表了一批著作,绝大部分是采用了克希霍夫经典板理论,应用此理论进行断裂分析在理论上是有重大缺陷的。这是由于经典板理论对于裂纹面边界条件只是近似地满足,因此不能正确反映裂纹尖端附近的力学性质。对于Reissner理论的分析工作从六十年代以来就开始了。由于问题的复杂性,长期进展不快。有代表性的是Knowlts和Wang以及Hartranft和Sih的工作,他们用积分变换的方法求解问题,他们得到了问题的首项表达式。这是一个近似的形式。为了更好的了解有裂纹情况下板的力学性能以及更可靠的进行近似分析和计算应力强度因子的目的,类似于平面问题的Williams展开,     

聚碳酸酯板裂纹顶端的弹塑性研究

本文研究了聚碳酸酯板的延性断裂特征;提出了修正的强化Dugdale条带屈服模型,并用实验-数值计算混合法确定了强化弹塑性材料裂纹顶端附近的应力场参数.实验测定结果与理论等色线,计算的裂纹前沿塑性区长度相符合.由此,验证了所提出的修正强化Dugdale条带屈服模型的合理性.     

基于光滑节点域有限元的虚拟裂纹闭合技术

为了提高求解断裂参数的效率和精度,将虚拟裂纹闭合法(Virtual Crack Closure Technique)与光滑节点域有限元方法(Node-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method)相结合,提出了SFEM-VCCT方法．基于三角形单元的光滑节点域有限元方法,对二维含中心斜裂纹受拉伸矩形板的断裂参数进行求解．通过不同的单元离散数量与FEM-VCCT做了比较．数值算例结果表明,SFEM-VCCT改善了FEM-VCCT刚度“过硬”的缺点,精度高于FEM-VCCT,并且对网格尺寸要求低、裂纹尖端单元不需要特殊处理、求解简单方便,具有广阔的应用前景．     

表面裂纹疲劳扩展的数值模拟

建立了一种无形状约束的模拟表面裂纹在线弹性断裂力学条件下疲劳扩展的数值方法,并研究了表面疲劳裂纹形状演化和裂纹尖端应力强度因子(SIF)的分布特征。该方法以三维有限单元技术和Paris疲劳裂纹扩展规律为基础,并在裂纹扩展增量计算中考虑了裂纹闭合影响。本文第一部分主要介绍模拟三维疲劳裂纹扩展的数值方法的理论背景和相关的技术细节。着重分析和讨论基于三维有限单元法计算裂纹SIF所涉及的几个主要问题:裂纹尖端单元网格密度对估算精度的影响;自由表面的影响及其修正方法;裂纹尖端非正交单元网格的影响及修正方法。     

聚碳酸脂板快速扩展裂纹的弹塑性研究

本文实验观察研究了聚碳酸脂板Ⅰ型裂纹失稳扩展的特征.由修正的 Dugdale 窄带屈服模型,用实验-数值计算混合法确定了动态延性裂纹顶端附近的应力场参数.理论计算与实验测定结果相符合.本文的工作对研究延性断裂机理及裂纹扩展准则的研究是有意义的.     

圆柱壳孔边裂纹应力强度因子的计算和分析

从Reissner壳体理论出发,将“局部-整体分析法”应用于圆柱壳孔边裂纹问题,比较精确地计算了圆柱壳孔边轴向裂纹和环向裂纹的应力强度因子,获得了应力强度因子随壳体几何尺寸、开孔大小及剪切刚度变化的规律。以作者在文[7,8]中的有限元分析结果为基础,推广Petroski-Achenbach方法,建立圆柱壳孔边裂纹问题的权函数,分析计算了圆柱壳孔边裂纹问题,获得了较好的结果,最后给出了便于工程应用的较精确的计算鼓胀系数的近似公式。     

疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的随机模型

结合断裂力学的概念和随机过程理论，将疲劳裂纹扩展近似为连续型马尔可夫过程，对于相应的向后Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ－Ｐｌａｎｋ方程和边界条件，采用本征函数法进行求解，以收敛的无穷级数形式表示出给定临界裂纹尺寸疲劳扩展寿命的分布函数。对两组实验数据，应用该文的方法进行了具体计算，理论结果和实验吻和良好。     

三维热权函数法和多虚拟裂纹扩展技术

热权函数法直接利用温度场与热权函数的乘积的积分来求应力强度因子(SIF)的过渡过程，它可以免除对每一时刻进行热弹性力学有限元或边界元应力分析，计算效率大大提高。本文给出了三维热权函数法的基本方程，并提出了求解三维热权函数法基本方程的多虚拟裂纹扩展法(MVCE法)。在MVCE法中，可以引入无穷多个虚拟裂纹扩展模式；虚拟裂纹扩展模式与应力强度因子的插值直接相联系，所得到的方程组的系数矩阵是一个三对角矩阵，具有良好的计算性能。它对于裂纹前缘SIF分布急剧变化的情况，有良好的数值模拟能力。实例计算表明，MVCE法具有权高的计算效率，并具有很高的计算精度。     

随机疲劳裂纹扩展新模型

疲劳裂纹扩展的随机特性是工程结构可靠性分析和制定检查、维修计划野性 须考虑的因素,提出疲劳裂纹随机扩展模型,不仅考虑了时间参数影响,而且还考虑了初始裂纹尺寸分布影响。模型适应范围广,由于采用了一次二阶矩近似方法简化随机过程计算,便于工程应用。     

Computational models for mode I composite fracture failure: the virtual crack closure technique versus the two-step extension method

This paper deals with the numerical determination of the energy release rate under mode I in carbon fibre reinforced composites (CFRC). Two different models are reviewed: the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) and the Two-step extension method. The Two-step extension method needs two computational steps in order to calculate the energy release rate (G). The VCCT method is able to provide ERR value only from one computational step. Results were compared with empirical data obtained from double cantilever beam (DCB) tests carried out on unidirectional AS4/8552 carbon/epoxy laminates. This study showed that, in a pure mode I state, results obtained via the Two-step extension method were in agreement with a straightforward calculation of the elastic energy variation in the system. As expected, results obtained from VCCT and Two-step extension models converge as element length decreases. Regarding the comparison between experimental and numerical results, the study showed that a correction for testing devices compliance was needed to match both models.     

炸药裂缝燃烧增压过程的一维理论

为了深入理解炸药裂缝燃烧演化过程中的压力增长行为，提升对事故点火下武器装药向高烈度反应转变机制的认识水平，基于炸药预置裂缝燃烧演化压力历程分析，对某HMX基PBX炸药裂缝燃烧的增压过程开展了理论计算。采用气体动力学相关理论建立了简化的炸药燃烧产物流动模型，基于一维等熵流动假设预测了不考虑黏性和摩擦阻力情况下炸药预置裂缝的燃烧压力增长过程，计算结果显示压力增长阶段与实验结果定性符合，为理解炸药裂缝燃烧的增压行为提供了一种理论解释。     

Numerical analysis of quasi-static crack branching in brittle solids by a modified displacement discontinuity method

Mechanism of quasi-static crack branching in brittle solids has been analyzed by a modified displacement discontinuity method. It has been assumed that the pre-existing cracks in brittle solids may propagate at the crack tips due to the initiation and propagation of the kink (or wing) cracks. The originated wing cracks will act as new cracks and can be further propagated from their tips according to the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) theory. The kink displacement discontinuity formulations (considering the linear and quadratic interpolation functions) are specially developed to calculate the displacement discontinuities for the left and right sides of a kink point so that the first and second mode kink stress intensity factors can be estimated. The crack tips are also treated by boundary displacement collocation technique considering the singularity variation of the displacements and stresses near the crack tip. The propagating direction of the secondary cracks can be predicted by using the maximum tangential stress criterion. An iterative algorithm is used to predict the crack propagating path assuming an incremental increase of the crack length in the predicted direction (straight and curved cracks have been treated). The same approach has been used for estimating the crack propagating direction and path of the original and wing cracks considering the special crack tip elements. Some example problems are numerically solved assuming quasi-static conditions. These results are compared with the corresponding experimental and numerical results given in the literature. This comparison validates the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method.     

THE EXACT SOLUTIONS OF ELASTIC－PLASTIC CRACK LINE FIELD FOR MODE ⅡPLANE STRESS CRACK

ＴＨＥＥＸＡＣＴＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＥＬＡＳＴＩＣ－ＰＬＡＳＴＩＣＣＲＡＣＫＬＩＮＥＦＩＥＬＤＦＯＲＭＯＤＥＩＩＰＬＡＮＥＳＴＲＥＳＳＣＲＡＣＫＹｉＺｈｉｊｉａｎ（易志坚）ＷａｎｇＳｈｉｊｉｅ（王士杰）ＷａｎｇＸｉａｎｇｊｉａｎ（王向坚）（Ｒｅｃｅ...     

Finite element analysis of a bimaterial interface crack

In this investigation, the enriched element method developed by Benzley was extended to treat the stress analysis problem involving a bimaterial interface crack. Unlike crack problems in isotropic elasticity, where the stress singularity at the crack tip is of the inverse square root type, the interface crack contains an additional oscillatory singularity. Although the effect of this oscillatory characteristic is confined to a region very close to the crak tip, it nevertheless requires proper treatment in order to obtain accurate predictions on the stress intensity factors. Using appropriate crack tip stress and displacement expressions, the enriched element method can model the stress singularity for an interface crack exactly. The finite element implementation of this method has been made on the code APES. Stress intensity factor results predicted by the modified APES program compare favorably with those available in the literature. This indicates tha the enriched element technique provides an accurate and efficient numerical tool for the analysis of bimaterial interface crack problems.     

改进的虚裂纹闭合技术及其在复合材料脱层分析中的应用

提出一种改进的虚裂纹闭合技术（ＶＣＣＴ）对轮胎带束（一咱复合材料结构）不同脱层长度下的应变能释放率进行了计算。将强度裂纹闭合的位移作了一种可变约束施加在变形后的裂纹尖端,约束反力作了裂纹尖端力计算,应变能释放率由裂纹尖端力和约束位移的乘积得到。该方法的优点是简便易行,在物理理解上直观,实施起来方便。本文就用该技术对带束脱层进行了断裂力学分析,给出数值结果,并对带束的脱层寿命进行了评价。     

NEAR CRACK LINE ELASTIC－PLASTIC ANALYSIS FOR A CRACK LOADED BY ANTIPLANE POINT FORCES

ＮＥＡＲ　ＣＲＡＣＫ　ＬＩＮＥ　ＥＬＡＳＴＩＣ－ＰＬＡＳＴＩＣ　ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ　ＦＯＲ　Ａ　ＣＲＡＣＫ　ＬＯＡＤＥＤ　ＢＹ　ＡＮＴＩＰＬＡＮＥ　ＰＯＩＮＴ　ＦＯＲＣＥＳＷｕＣｈｅｎｇｐｉｎｇ（吴承平）；ＷａｎｇＣｈｅｎｇ（王成）（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＳ...     

修正的拉应力裂纹扩展准则及裂隙\=水压对裂纹扩展的影响

对脆性材料的第一主应力--拉应力裂纹扩展准则进行了补充和修正,修正的裂纹扩展准则能确定裂纹扩展步长.以平面斜置裂纹扩展为例,利用无网格Galerkin方法,对不含裂隙水压的二维裂纹扩展进行数值模拟,计算结果与试验结果一致,表明最大周向拉应力准则的正确性.在不同裂隙水压条件下,研究了二维裂纹初始破裂,并在给定水压下对二维裂纹扩展路径进行了数值模拟跟踪.结果表明裂隙水压对裂纹初始破裂方向、破裂步长、破裂载荷和裂隙岩体破裂强度有显著影响.有水压和无水压的扩展迹线不同,但后续的扩展趋势相同.     

THE PRECISE AND NEW ANALYSIS FOR A MODE Ⅲ GROWING CRACK IN AN ELASTIC-PERFECTLY PLASTIC SOLID

The near crack line field analysis method has been used to investigate into ModeⅢ quasistatically propagating crack in an elastic-perfectly plastic material.Thesignificance of this paper is that the usual small scale yielding theory has been brokenthrough.By obtaining the general solutions of the stresses and the displacement rate ofthe near crack line plastic region,and by matching the general solutions with theprecise elastic fields(not the usual elastic K-dominant fields)at the elastic-plasticboundary,the precise and new solutions of the stress and deformation fields,the sizeof the plastic region and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary havebeen obtained near the crack line.The solutions of this paper are sufficiently precisenear the crack line region because the roughly qualitative assumptions of the smallscale yielding theory have not been used and no other roughly qualitative assumptionshave been taken,either.The analysis of this paper shows that the assumingly“steady-state cas     

Mode i and mixed mode fields with incomplete crack tip plasticity

Plane strain slip line fields, in which plasticity does not fully surround the crack tip have been developed for mode I and mixed mode I\II cracks under contained yielding. Analytical solutions have been assembled using slip line theory for the plastic sectors and semi-infinite wedge solutions for the elastic sectors. These solutions are compared with finite element solutions based on modified boundary layer formulations. The analytical solutions agree well with numerical solutions, and form a family of fields with incomplete plasticity around the crack tip.