厚度振动模式下背衬结构PZT的声能特性

为了充分利用埋入混凝土中压电陶瓷所激励的声能,采用了一种在压电陶瓷圆片结构的一面设置金属背衬的方法将压电陶瓷双侧的声能集中到一侧,提高了声指向性和声能。实验表明:该方法能使同距离下压电陶瓷圆片轴向声能提高10倍以上,并且得到了声能的相对增量随背衬厚度和声激励频率之积变化的特性曲线。声信号的谱分析还表明:背衬没有改变声信号的主频和主峰区间的频率带宽;当声激励频率为谐振频率79kHz时,最优背衬厚度为2.4mm;当声激励频率f为60kHz～100kHz时,接收端声能相对较大,适合用于实际的压电埋入式超声无损检测。     

等效刚度对非线性压电俘能系统性能影响研究

基于Hamilton原理，考虑几何非线性和梁的不可伸长条件，建立了五层压电双晶片叠合梁俘能器在直接和参数激励作用下的运动微分方程。利用Galerkin法和谐波平衡法获得了俘能器的位移、输出电压和输出功率的解析解。引入随时间变化的扰动，提出了非线性方程解的稳定性条件。为了对压电俘能器的结构-性能关系进行综合分析，研究了被动层的配置形式、被动层与主动层的厚度比和弹性模量对压电俘能系统性能的影响。结果表明，在叠合梁厚度不变的情况下，采用五层的压电双晶片叠合结构，选择合理的被动层与主动层厚度比、被动层弹性模量、被动层厚度比和负载电阻，可以有效提高能量俘获的效率。     

面向压电智能结构精确变形的协同优化设计方法

智能结构集智能材料与传统材料于一体,能够实现结构的主动控制,在航空航天等领域具有巨大的应用潜力.由于其系统复杂且具有多场耦合效应,智能结构的整体式优化设计方法成为结构控制技术研究的关键之一.为了提高压电智能结构的整体性能和变形精度,提出了同时考虑压电驱动器布局(分布位置及角度)和基体结构拓扑构型的协同优化设计新方法.采用多点约束方法 (multi-point constraints,MPC)建立压电驱动器和基体结构的连接,定义一种与测量点目标位移相关的权重函数,以实现结构的精确变形控制.通过协同优化设计,压电驱动器可以获得最优的分布位置及角度,同时基体结构获得最优的拓扑构型,从而提升了压电智能结构系统的整体驱动性能和变形精度.通过进一步分析,研究了精确变形、体分比约束与结构优化构型和整体刚度的关系,以及优化结果中可能存在的传力路径畸变现象.数值算例的设计结果表明,采用协同优化设计方法,能够扩大结构的寻优空间,有效减小变形误差,实现压电智能结构的精确变形控制.     

基于遗传算法和梯度算法压电层合结构的最优形状控制

基于压电层合结构的有限元方程,运用ANSYS/APDL语言,编制了力-电耦合有限元分析程序(MPFEMP).以该程序为计算基础,采用遗传算法和一阶梯度优化算法,以压电片尺寸为设计变量,以压电层合梁和板的预期位移或最小重量为目标函数,给定初始变量和适应度函数,通过循环迭代MPFEMP计算程序,研究了多点控制的压电层合梁板结构的形状最优控制.结论对比分析证明了两种优化方法分析压电层合结构的有效性,同时,对复杂多层智能结构的最优形状控制和主动控制研究具有一定的参考价值.     

热和机械载荷共同作用下涂层特性对埋入式光纤传感器性能的影响

研究在热载及拉伸共同作用下，光纤传感器涂层的材料特性和厚度变化对光纤－涂层－基体基体性能的影响，分析表明在埋入式光纤附近的应力集中涂层的特性有关。在热应力和机械应力共同作用下，对于给定的基体材料和裸光纤，存在可减少基体，涂层与裸光纤之间或裸光纤中应力集中的涂层性能和尺寸的最优组合。     

随机参数智能桁架结构动力特性分析

文中针对随机参数压电智能桁架结构研究了基于概率的结构动力特性分析方法。建立了压电主动檑和被动杆结构材料的质量密度、弹性模量同时具有随机性时结构的刚度矩阵和质量矩阵；从结构振动的瑞利商表达式出发，利用代数综合法推导出结构特征值随机变量数字特征的计算表达式。最后通过两个算例考察了智能桁架结构物理参数的随机性对其动力特性的影响，并获得了一些有意义的结论。     

埋入压电元件的自诊断智能结构的理论分析与实验研究

将压电元件埋设于复合材料层板结构中，可实现结构应变分布的在线监测。本文提出一种采用压电应变传感器阵列和人工神经网络模型的自诊断方法，对局部埋入压电应变传感元件的平板结构进行了分析，采用神经网络模型根据压电传感器组的输出识别结构承载位置和大小，对该方法进行了数值模拟和实验验证。     

含有多个涂层压电纤维复合材料的平面问题研究

压电纤维在未来的复合材料结构健康监测中具有重要作用．本文基于横观各向同性压电材料位移和应力连续条件以及经典的复势函数理论,讨论了同时受到平面内机械载荷和出平面电载荷作用时含有多个带涂层压电纤维的无限大线弹性基体的平面力学问题．首先将线弹性基体、涂层和压电纤维的应力场、位移场表示成复势函数,然后通过横观各向同性压电材料和线弹性材料的位移和应力连续条件确定复势函数表达式．将得到的复势函数表达式代入线弹性基体、涂层和压电纤维的的应力场、位移场公式可确定其应力场和位移场．最后,通过定量的案例讨论了涂层的材料属性对线弹性基体应力场的影响．案例分析表明涂层的材料属性对压电复合材料的应力场有重要的影响．     

热载荷下压电复合板有限元建模与形变控制

热载荷是引起在轨空间结构形变的重要因素之一，采用压电材料对结构热变形进行主动补 偿，需要建立热、电、力场相互耦合的动力学模型. 基于高阶位移场、高阶电势分布和线性 温度模型，推导了压电复合板结构的热、电、力场耦合的高阶有限元模型. 通过对压电双晶 片梁的分析，得到了压电片中电势沿厚度方向的抛物线型分布，而非通常文献中假设的线性 化分布模型的结果. 针对表面粘贴压电片的压电复合板，计算了热载荷作用下压电复合板的变形、 传感器的电压以及主动补偿后的结构变形，与文献给出的结果基本一致，验证了模型的正 确性. 同时还指出热电效应对结构变形和传感器电压具有十分重要的影响.     

曲梁压电俘能器强迫振动的格林函数解

本文运用格林函数法求解了曲梁压电俘能器在强迫振动下的解析解.运用微分法分析了压电层合曲梁结构面内各内力,根据曲梁压电 俘能器的动力学方程组,基于压电本构关系,建立了包含径向阻尼但不考虑俘能器曲梁结构部分的轴向力以及轴向惯性项的Prescott力 电耦合模型. 采用Laplace变换法求得了耦合振动方程的格林函数解.根据叠加原理和格林函数的物理意义,对耦合的系统方程解耦进而 求得强迫振动下曲梁压电俘能器的输出电压. 数值计算中,通过与现有文献的解析解进行对比,验证了本文解析解的有效性,并研究了阻 尼、电阻等重要物理参数对压电函数和谐振频率的影响.通过与有关传统直梁压电俘能器研究成果的对比,体现了曲梁压 电俘能器Prescott模型的高效集能特性. 数值分析研究表明:(1)使得曲梁俘能器达到最大输出电压时连接的最优负载电 阻为1 M$\Omega$;(2)通过更换适当的基底材料,降低材料的弹性模量,可以改变曲梁俘能器的高基频现象,以使结构适应 更复杂的工作环境,但这会导致俘能器的工作效率降低.      

Stochastic finite element nonlinear free vibration analysis of piezoelectric functionally graded materials beam subjected to thermo-piezoelectric loadings with material uncertainties

In this paper, second order statistics of large amplitude free flexural vibration of shear deformable functionally graded materials (FGMs) beams with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers subjected to thermopiezoelectric loadings with random material properties are studied. The material properties such as Young’s modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio and thermal expansion coefficients of FGMs and piezoelectric materials with volume fraction exponent are modeled as independent random variables. The temperature field considered is assumed to be uniform and non-uniform distribution over the plate thickness and electric field is assumed to be the transverse components E _z only. The mechanical properties are assumed to be temperature dependent (TD) and temperature independent (TID). The basic formulation is based on higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) with von-Karman nonlinear strain kinematics. A C ⁰ nonlinear finite element method (FEM) based on direct iterative approach combined with mean centered first order perturbation technique (FOPT) is developed for the solution of random eigenvalue problem. Comparison studies have been carried out with those results available in the literature and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) through normal Gaussian probability density function.     

功能梯度压电圆板自由振动问题的三维精确分析

本文对周边为广义刚性滑动和广义简支两种边界条件下的功能梯度压电材料圆板自由振动问题进行分析。根据轴对称横观各向同性压电材料基本方程，并利用有限Hankel变换得到了功能梯度压电材料圆板的状态空间方程。假设材料的机械和电学性质均沿板厚方向按统一的指数函数形式梯度分布，从而获得了周边为广义刚性滑动和广义弹性简支两种边界条件下功能梯度压电圆板自由振动问题的三维精确频率方程，该方程是一个关于自由振动频率的超越方程，通过求解该超越方程可得到在不同板厚以及不同的材料性质梯度变化情况下的圆板自由振动频率值，结果表明在相同的材料性质梯度变化情况下频率均随着板厚增加而增大，而在相同的板厚情况下频率则随材料性质梯度变化指数的增大而减小的结论。     

Vibration analysis of FG annular sector in moderately thick plates with two piezoelectric layers

Free vibration of functionally graded(FG) annular sector plates embedded with two piezoelectric layers is studied with a generalized differential quadrature(GDQ)method. Based on the first-order shear deformation(FSD) plate theory and Hamilton's principle with parameters satisfying Maxwell's electrostatics equation in the piezoelectric layers, governing equations of motion are developed. Both open and closed circuit(shortly connected) boundary conditions on the piezoelectric surfaces, which are respective conditions for sensors and actuators, are accounted for. It is observed that the open circuit condition gives higher natural frequencies than a shortly connected condition. For the simulation of the potential electric function in piezoelectric layers, a sinusoidal function in the transverse direction is considered. It is assumed that properties of the FG material(FGM) change continuously through the thickness according to a power distribution law.The fast rate convergence and accuracy of the GDQ method with a small number of grid points are demonstrated through some numerical examples. With various combinations of free, clamped, and simply supported boundary conditions, the effects of the thicknesses of piezoelectric layers and host plate, power law index of FGMs, and plate geometrical parameters(e.g., angle and radii of annular sector) on the in-plane and out-of-plane natural frequencies for different FG and piezoelectric materials are also studied. Results can be used to predict the behaviors of FG and piezoelectric materials in mechanical systems.     

功能梯度压电夹层结构中SH波的传播

研究了功能梯度压电上、下半空间和均匀压电层组成的夹层结构中SH波的传播性能,上、下功能梯度半空间的材料性能沿垂直于界面方向以指数函数形式变化。首先推导了SH传播时电弹场的解析解,然后利用界面条件得到了行列式形式的频散方程。基于推导的频散方程,通过数值算例表明了材料性能梯度变化、压电层厚度和材料组合方式对相速度的影响,结果对功能梯度压电材料在声波器件中的应用有参考价值。     

Postbuckling of FGM plates with piezoelectric actuators under thermo-electro-mechanical loadings

A postbuckling analysis is presented for a simply supported, shear deformable functionally graded plate with piezoelectric actuators subjected to the combined action of mechanical, electrical and thermal loads. The temperature field considered is assumed to be of uniform distribution over the plate surface and through the plate thickness and the electric field considered only has non-zero-valued component E_Z. The material properties of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents, and the material properties of both FGM and piezoelectric layers are assumed to be temperature-dependent. The governing equations are based on a higher order shear deformation plate theory that includes thermo-piezoelectric effects. The initial geometric imperfection of the plate is taken into account. Two cases of the in-plane boundary conditions are considered. A two step perturbation technique is employed to determine buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. The numerical illustrations concern the postbuckling behavior of perfect and imperfect, geometrically mid-plane symmetric FGM plates with fully covered or embedded piezoelectric actuators under different sets of thermal and electric loading conditions. The effects played by temperature rise, volume fraction distribution, applied voltage, the character of in-plane boundary conditions, as well as initial geometric imperfections are studied.     

Finite element analysis of smart functionally graded plates

This paper deals with the derivation of a finite element model for the static analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates integrated with a layer of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) material. The layer of PFRC material acts as the distributed actuator of the FG plates. The Young’s modulus of the FG plate is assumed to vary exponentially along the thickness of the plate while the Poisson’s ratio is assumed to be constant over the domain of the plate. The finite element model has been verified with the exact solutions for both thick and thin plates. Emphasis has been placed on investigating the effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber angle in the PFRC layer on its actuating capability of the FG plates. The finite element solutions also revealed that the activated PFRC layer is more effective in controlling the deformations of the FG plates when the layer is attached to the surface of the FG plate with minimum stiffness than when it is attached to the surface of the same with maximum stiffness.     

带剪切型压电激励器的板的高阶剪切变形理论

利用压电材料固有的正，逆压电效应可以对结构变形和振动进行控制。与外加电场与极化方向平行于板厚度的压电材料的拉伸作动机制相比，外加电场与极化方向垂直的压电材料的剪切作动机制可以在作动器内产生较小的应力，从而降低作动器边界产生分层破坏的危险。本文对于压电材料的剪切作动机制进行研究，应用三阶剪切变形理论建立带剪切型压电激励器的智能层合板模型。采用哈密顿原理导出带剪切型压电激励器的层合板的控制方程。采用空间法得到了各种边界条件组合条件下板的解析解。数值算例对一三层板采用高阶和一阶剪切变形理论进行计算，结果表明两种理论所得的变形曲线很相似。但对于厚度剪切型激励器而言，由于激励器是引起板的剪切变形，而高阶剪切变形理论比一阶剪切变形理论能更好地反映结构的剪切应变能，因此高阶剪切变形理论可以提供板变形的更为精确的解。因此，对于厚度剪切型激励器，剪切变形理论的选取对于板变形结果的好坏有重要的作用。     

Static analysis for functionally graded piezoelectric actuators or sensors under a combined electro-thermal load

Based on the theory of piezoelasticity, a functionally graded piezoelectric sandwich cantilever under an applied electric field and/or a heat load is studied. All materials may be arbitrary functional gradients in the thickness direction. The static solution for the mentioned problems is presented by the Airy stress function method. As a special case, assuming that the material composition varies continuously in the direction of the thickness according to a power law distribution, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted to show the influence of electromechanical coupling (EMC), functionally graded index, temperature change and thickness ratio on the bending behavior of actuators or sensors. The distribution of electric field or normal stress in present FGPM actuators is continuous along the thickness, which overcomes the problem in traditional layered actuators. The solution facilitates the design optimization for different piezoelectric actuators and has another potential application for material parameter identification.     

弯曲波在含非圆孔洞无限压电薄板中的散射

基于线性压电动力学理论,采用波函数展开法、保角映射以及复变函数,对含非圆孔洞无限大压电薄板弹性波的散射及动应力集中问题进行了分析,给出了其动弯矩集中系数（DMCF）的解析表达式。为说明问题,以PZT-4为例,讨论了外加电场、椭圆孔长短半轴比、椭圆孔倾角以及入射波频率对含圆孔和椭圆孔无限大压电薄板弹性波散射的影响,并分别给出了无限压电薄板开圆孔和椭圆孔动弯矩集中系数的数值结果。     

Elasticity solution for an FGM cylindrical panel integrated with piezoelectric layers

The three-dimensional elasticity solution for static analysis of a functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical panel with simply supported edges is developed. The modulus of elasticity varies continuously throughout the thickness direction in the form of an exponential function. The panel is bonded with piezoelectric layers. Using Fourier series expansions in the axial and circumferential directions, the state equations are derived. The stress, displacement and electric potential distributions are obtained by solving these state equations. The influences of the material gradient index, applied voltage, and radius to thickness ratio on the static behavior of FGM shell are also studied.