基于模糊PID的直流力矩电机转速控制

在分析模糊控制和 PID 控制结合方式的基础上,设计了一个二维模糊 PID 控制算法,该算法根据误差信号是否达到阈值来决定何时在模糊控制与 PID 控制之间切换。采用编码器、80196KC 单片机、16 位 D/A 转换器和直流力矩电并结合上述控制算法构成直流力矩电机的模糊PID 稳速控制系统。通过对标准 PID 和模糊 PID 实测数据分析比较说明,模糊 PID 控制可以达到无超调输出,其调节时间小于标准 PID 控制的调节时间,稳态误差小于万分之四。     

漂浮基柔性关节空间机器人自适应滑模运动控制及振动主动抑制

讨论了关节柔性且系统参数不确定的漂浮基空间机器人系统的动力学建模过程、运动轨迹跟踪控制算法设计及系统柔性振动的主动抑制问题。利用系统动量、动量矩守恒关系和拉格朗日法对系统动力学进行分析,并建立系统动力学方程。基于奇异摄动法将系统分解为表示系统刚性运动部分的慢变子系统和表示系统柔性运动部分的快变子系统。针对慢变子系统提出了一种自适应滑模控制算法。该控制算法是由基于滑模面的等效控制项、自适应控制项和PID反馈控制项组成。因此,它集合了滑模控制、自适应算法和PID技术的优点,且弥补了三种算法各自的缺点。该控制算法能够有效地补偿系统的转动误差和不确定参数,提高控制系统的精度。针对快变子系统,提出基于速度差值的反馈控制算法来抑制柔性关节引起的系统柔性振动,保证系统的稳定性。最后,通过仿真实验证明了提出的混合控制算法的有效性。     

刚柔耦合定位平台结构-运动-控制一体化建模

针对微电子制造行业等领域中的长行程高精度定位问题,提出了一种刚柔耦合定位平台,并建立了其结构-运动-控制一体化动力学仿真模型。首先,根据刚柔耦合定位平台的结构特点对浮动坐标法进行修改,建立了简洁高效的动力学仿真模型。其次,结合动力学模型、3阶S型曲线和经典的PID控制方法建立了结构-运动-控制一体化仿真模型。最后,通过数值算例对仿真模型的有效性进行了验证。数值模拟结果显示,建立的结构-运动-控制一体化仿真模型能够有效地对定位平台的工作过程进行模拟,为后续的结构优化、运动规划和控制系统设计等工作创造条件。     

惯性平台稳定回路单神经元自校正PID控制

为了与新型高精度惯性平台相匹配,解决传统PID控制的稳定回路抗干扰性能不高的问题,利用神经网络具有自学习、自组织、联想记忆和并行处理等功能以及对于复杂系统控制可以达到满意效果的优势,设计了单神经元自校正PID控制器。这种控制器不但结构简单,而且适应环境变化,有较强的鲁棒性。设计中分别采用了无监督和有监督的Hebb学习算法以及改进的Hebb学习算法对系统进行控制。MATLAB仿真结果表明,单神经元自校正PID控制器在很多指标上均优于传统PID控制器,特别是其超调量,动态性能以及对干扰的抑制能力,是一种应用在实际平台系统中理想的控制器。     

分布式驱动电动汽车主动悬架T–S模糊控制研究

分布式驱动电动汽车,由于簧下质量增大,导致车轮振动加剧,进而影响车辆平顺性及行驶安全性。为有效抑制分布式驱动电动汽车垂向振动恶化,设计了一种主动悬架T–S模糊控制器,构建了分布式驱动电动汽车1/4悬架动力学模型,基于Matlab/Simulink在B级随机路面及变路面工况下进行动力学仿真,考虑了控制器在车辆参数不确定时的自适应性,探究了T–S模糊控制器在车辆变参数条件下的控制效果,并与PID控制的主动悬架及传统的被动悬架进行比较,通过硬件在环实验验证了控制效果。结果表明,所提出的分布式驱动电动汽车主动悬架T–S模糊控制策略可有效提升车辆的平顺性指标,相对于PID控制及被动悬架,T–S模糊控制也具有更好的多工况自适应能力。     

模糊抗差自适应粒子滤波及其在组合导航中的应用

在研究模糊控制理论的基础上,吸收了粒子滤波、自适应滤波和抗差估计的优点,提出一种新的模糊抗差自适应粒子滤波算法。文中根据量测向量中的粗差对状态向量滤波的影响,建立抗差自适应粒子滤波模型,获得自适应因子,然后对滤波处理后的数据残差基于模糊理论构造等价权函数,利用等价权函数和自适应因子合理地分配信息,因而可以达到一般滤波方法无法达到的滤波精度,且能有效地控制粗差对导航解的影响。最后,将该算法应用到组合导航系统中,并进行仿真验证。仿真结果证明,文中提出的模糊抗差自适应粒子滤波算法的滤波精度相对于扩展Kalman滤波和粒子滤波提高了3至5倍,明显提高了导航定位精度,且计算简单,便于实时性计算。     

模糊自适应滤波在水下航行器组合导航系统中的应用

为了提高水下航行器组合导航系统精度和可靠性,针对水下航行器组合导航系统量测噪声统计特性随实际工作环境的不同而变化的特点,提出了基于模糊自适应联邦卡尔曼滤波的水下组合导航算法。通过监测理论残差与实际残差的协方差的一致程度,应用模糊系统不断调整滤波器的增益系数,对子滤波器进行在线自适应调整,从而实现导航状态的最优估计滤波。通过对联邦滤波器信息分配系数模糊自适应调整,减少了滤波计算量,提高了滤波实时性。软件仿真实验结果表明：模糊自适应滤波可以有效地提高水下航行器组合导航系统的精度和可靠性,提高导航滤波实时性,克服传统的滤波算法的缺点与不足。     

水下推进器运动的自适应滑动控制

 综合利用滑动控制和自适应控制的优点，对水下推进器的运动轨迹进行滑动自适应控制，仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性与优越性。     

自适应SVD-UKF算法及在组合导航的应用

提出一种新的自适应奇异值分解Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法.该算法利用自适应因子平衡动力学模型信息与观测信息的权比,控制动力学模型误差对导航参数解的影响.用奇异值分解阵(SVD)的迭代计算代替协方差矩阵的迭代变换,提高了协方差矩阵的数值稳定性.将新算法应用于组合导航系统进行计算仿真,结果证明,新算法具有良好的鲁棒性,能有效改善滤波性能,提高组合导航系统的精度.     

结构动力响应数值算法耗散和超调特性设计

对结构动力响应数值计算问题提出引入多个自由参数来获得所希望的算法特性. 多参数的一个明显的好处就是在算法设计上有更大的自由空间. 利用这些自由参数获得了两个新的无条件稳定、有二阶精度的、有好的耗散和没有超调的单步时间直接积分算法. 在存在阻尼情况下基于有限差分分析理论证明了新算法的这些特性. 其中一个有高频渐进消去特性,且在有阻尼情况下与Houbolt方法相比对高频有更强的耗散. 另一个在低频极限无耗散,高频耗散可以用一自由参数控制. 超调分析结果显示两个新算法都不显示超调,而HHT方法不仅有速度超调,还有位移超调. 最后使用一些算例并通过与传统方法的比较数值地验证了理论分析结果.     

Robust adaptive speed control of uncertain hybrid electric vehicle using electronic throttle control with varying road grade

The design objective of this paper is to apply various control techniques to control the speed of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) using an electronic throttle control system (ETCS). The DC servo motor is used for controlling the angular position of the throttle valve. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID), a self-tuning fuzzy PID (STF-PID) controller and a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) with a sliding mode (SM) adaptation mechanism are used for controlling the speed of the nonlinear vehicle. The integral error performance indices (IEPI) such as the integral of the absolute error (IAE), the integral of the square of error (ISE) and the time domain performance specifications such as overshoot (OS), settling time (ST) and rise time (RT) are taken into consideration for the performance analysis of HEV. The robust H_∞ controller using mixed sensitivity approach is designed and implemented for the linearized HEV. The robust stability of uncertain HEV with H_∞ controller using Kharitonov’s theorem is analyzed, and the stability margin of the linearized vehicle system is determined. These control techniques are developed to achieve the robust performance of the throttle controlled HEV with the target to achieve a wide range of speed, fuel economy, reduced pollution and improved efficiency.     

A robust-adaptive fuzzy coverage control for robotic swarms

In this paper, a decentralized adaptive control scheme for multi-robot coverage is proposed. This control method is designed based on centroidal Voronoi configuration integrated with robust adaptive fuzzy control techniques. We consider simple single integrator mobile robots used for covering dynamical environments, where an adaptive fuzzy logic system is used to approximate the unknown parts of control law. A robust coverage criterion is used to attenuate the adaptive fuzzy approximation error and measurement noises to a prescribed level. Therefore, the robots motion is forced to obey solutions of a coverage optimization problem. The advantages of the proposed controller can be listed as robustness to external disturbances, computation uncertainties, and measurement noises, while applicability on dynamical environments. A Lyapunov-function based proof is given of robust stability, i.e. convergence to the optimal positions with bounded error. Finally, simulation results are demonstrated for a swarm coverage problem simultaneous with tracking mobile intruders.     

Seismic-vibration mitigation of a nonlinear structural system with an ATMD through a fuzzy PID controller

This paper discusses the design of fuzzy PID type controllers (FPIDC) to improve seismic control performance of a nonlinear structural system with an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) against earthquakes. Since structural systems have nonlinearities and uncertainties, fuzzy-based controllers are adequate because of their robust character and satisfactory performance in active structural control. The main advantages of this controller are the ability to handle nonlinearities and uncertainties effectively. In the literature, various structures for fuzzy PID (including PI and PD) controllers have been proposed. In order to obtain proportional, integral and derivative control actions altogether, it is intuitive and convenient to combine PI and PD actions to form a fuzzy PID controller. The simulated system has fifteen degrees of freedom and is modeled using nonlinear behavior of the base–structure interaction. The system is then simulated against the ground motion of the Northridge earthquake (M _w =6.7) in USA on 17 January, 1994. Finally, the time history of the storey displacements, accelerations, ATMD displacements, control voltage and frequency responses of both the uncontrolled and controlled cases are presented. The ground motion recorded of the El-Centro and Kocaeli earthquakes has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. The robustness of the controller has been checked through the uncertainty in stiffness of the structure. Simulation results exhibit that superior vibration suppression is achieved by the use of designed fuzzy PID type controllers.     

基于虚拟力概念的柔性臂空间机器人模糊退步自适应控制算法设计

讨论了漂浮基柔性臂空间机器人系统的动力学模拟、运动轨迹跟踪控制算法设计及柔性振动主动抑制。采用多体动力学建模方法并结合假设模态法,建立了漂浮基柔性臂空间机器人的系统动力学模型。基于该模型,针对系统惯性参数未知情况,提出了刚性运动基于模糊基函数网络自适应调节的退步控制算法,以完成柔性臂空间机器人载体姿态及机械臂各关节铰的协调运动。然后,为了主动抑制系统柔性振动,运用虚拟力的概念,构造了同时反映柔性模态和刚性运动轨迹的混合期望轨迹,通过改造原有的控制算法,提出了基于虚拟力概念的模糊退步自适应控制算法;这样不但保证了之前刚性运动控制方案对模型不确定的鲁棒性,而且能主动抑制柔性振动,从而提高了轨迹跟踪性能。理论分析及数值仿真算例均表明了控制方法的可行性。     

Nanometric positioning accuracy in the presence of presliding and sliding friction: Modelling,identification and compensation

Presliding and sliding frictional effects, limiting the performances of ultrahigh precision mechatronics devices, are studied in this work. The state-of-the-art related to frictional behavior in both motion regimes is, hence, considered, and the generalized Maxwell-slip (GMS) friction model is adopted to characterize frictional disturbances present in a micromanipulation device. All the parameters of the model are identified via experimental set-ups and included in the overall MATLAB/SIMULINK model. With the aim of compensating frictional effects, the modelled response of the system is thus compared to experimental results when using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, feed-forward model-based compensation and a self-tuning adaptive regulator. The adaptive regulator proves to be the most efficient and is, hence, used in the final repetitive point-to-point positioning tests allowing to achieve nanometric precision and accuracy.     

大型液体火箭姿控与跷振大回路耦合动力学建模与分析

大型液体火箭结构模态的空间化分布特征导致结构振动、姿态运动和推进系统液路脉动存在相互耦合,进而影响传统姿控回路的稳定性. 针对大型液体火箭, 充分考虑姿态控制系统对箭体姿态动力学和弹性振动的影响, 以及箭体结构弹性振动与推进系统的耦合作用(跷振(POGO)), 建立了姿控与跷振大回路耦合模型. 该模型包含了推进系统、结构系统与姿控系统之间的耦合因素, 可进行姿控-结构-推进大回路耦合机理研究. 该模型具有非奇异的优点, 可以直接用于频域分析和时域仿真. 基于该模型研究了我国某型号液体捆绑火箭推进系统参数——泵增益和蓄压器能量值对姿态运动与结构振动稳定性的影响. 研究得出, 泵增益和蓄压器能量值的变化不仅导致了结构振动的不稳定, 而且也导致了姿态运动的发散. 因此, 对于大型液体捆绑火箭, 推进系统与姿控系统之间存在不可忽略的耦合作用, 在设计姿控系统时, 有必要考虑推进系统对姿控系统稳定性的影响.      

陀螺Fuzzy-PID温度控制系统研究

对于具有大时间延迟环节并难以建立精确数学模型的陀螺温度控制系统,提出采用模糊自整定PID控制参数的Fuzzy-PID陀螺温度控制方法。该方法可以集模糊控制与PID控制之所长,有较好的抗干扰能力。温控及高低温实验证明,该系统可以达到所要求的快速启动、输出稳定并能较好适应工作环境变化等精度要求。     

Adaptive fuzzy control of uncertain MIMO non-linear systems in block-triangular forms

Adaptive control of a class of uncertain multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) non-linear systems in block-triangular forms is considered in this paper. By incorporating dynamic surface approach and ??minimal learning parameters?? algorithm, a systematic procedure for the synthesis of stable adaptive fuzzy tracking controllers with less tuning parameters is developed. Takagi?CSugeno (T-S) fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are used to approximate those unstructured system functions rather than the unknown virtual control gain functions. Consequently, the potential controller singularity problem can be overcome. Moreover, both problems of ??explosion of learning parameters?? and ??explosion of complexity?? are avoided. The computational burden has thus been greatly reduced. The stability in the sense of semi-globally uniform ultimate boundedness (SGUUB) of the closed-loop MIMO systems is established via Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the advantages of the proposed control approach.