数值流形单元法数学网格自适应

基于数值流形方法和有限覆盖技术,将有限元法的后验误差估计理论及h型网格自适应技术推广应用到数值流形单元法中,提出了数值流形单元法的后验误差估计方法和数学网格自适应技术,并编制了相应的程序。数值算例表明,经过网格自适应,可以在粗糙的初始网格基础上得到质量比较理想的网格,计算结果可达到用户要求的精度。     

改进的Z~2应力恢复过程与h型自适应有限元分析

建议了一种较为精确的边界应力求解方法，并用于改进Ｚｉｅｎｋｉｅｗｉｃｚ－Ｚｈｕ（Ｚ２）应力恢复过程。改进过程增加的计算量不大，但可有效地改善后验误差估计精度。ｈ型自适应有限元分析结果表明，改进过程更有利于最优网格寻求工作     

基于流形覆盖思想的无网格方法的研究

本语言基于流形思想,利用有限覆盖,单位分解等概念,引入建立在覆盖上的覆盖函数和具有紧支撑特性的单位分解函数,建立场逼近的近似表达,由弱形式的Galerkin变分得到数值分析模型,结合边界条件用于边值问题的求解,由此建立了一类新的无网格数值方法,论文采用这种方法分析了平面弹性问题,分析了体积闭锁现象,h、p型收敛性等,提出了一种选择覆盖大小的方案,且对狭长城采用了椭圆覆盖形式,取得了比较好的效果。     

h-自适应边界元方法的插值残差计算及误差估计

本文提出了一种用于估计ｈ－自适应边界元过程解误差的新方法,这种方法基于ｈ－自适应边界元过程生成的离散网络,通过计算近似解的插值残差,以此作为误差估计的数据。此外,这种误差分析方法易于程序化,可以很方便地接入现有ｈ－自适应边界元计算机程序（简单细分或分层细分）,而对原程序不作大的改动。通过对二个经典的弹性静力学问题的分析表明：本文的方法能较好地估计边界元解的误差,并使ｈ－自适应边界程序的分析更加有效     

基于Python-Abaqus的自适应网格重划分算法实现及其应用

在有限元分析中,当选取了合适单元类型后,若采用的网格尺寸太大则达不到计算精度要求,尺寸太小则往往需要非常庞大的单元数而导致求解自由度的迅速增长,利用自适应网格可以减轻计算精度与计算量的矛盾。本文采用基于后验误差估计的自适应网格重划算法,并结合Abaqus二次开发,编写了相应的自适应有限元Python脚本,从数值上分析了误差控制标准对计算结果的影响,实现了自适应求解全过程。通过Python脚本应用于几类典型问题的有限元分析,数值验证了基于Abaqus网格重划技术的自适应方法对求解应力集中问题的有效性。Python二次开发自适应计算与模拟,可绕过Abaqus/CAE的图形用户界面(GUI)直接对Abaqus内核进行操作,实现从几何建模、网格剖分到自适应求解的自动化处理,进而可方便多次修改模型和参数,提高建模效率。     

改进的Z^2应力恢复过程与h型自适应有限元分析

建议了一种较为精确的边界应力求解方法，并用于改进Ｚｉｅｎｋｉｅｗｉｃｚ－Ｚｈｕ（Ｚ＾２）应力恢复过程。改进过程增加的计算量不大，但可有效地改善后验误估计精度。ｈ型自适应有限元分析结果表明，改进过程更有利于最优网格寻求工作。     

对流占优问题的无网格自适应布点方案

应用常规数值方法求解对流占优的对流扩散方程时会出现非物理的数值伪振荡现象.因此本文提出了一种基于无网格径向点插值法的自适应布点方案,并成功地解决了对流占优时的数值伪振荡问题.在自适应布点的实施过程中,该方案将无网格方法中的背景积分单元作为自适应控制的梯度计算单元,并将该控制单元场函数梯度的大小作为自适应的梯度控制指标,然后给定相应的梯度控制限,通过控制指标和梯度限的比较来指示高梯度区域进行自适应中心加点和梯度计算单元的分解.数值结果表明:这种基于无网格径向点插值法的自适应布点方案不仅能有效地消除对流占优时的数值伪振荡现象,而且它还具有计算精度高、数值稳定性好、算法实施简单、前后处理方便的优点.     

自适应有限元方法及其工程应用

自适应有限元方法是一种能通过自适应分析自动调整算法以改进求解过程的数值方法．它以常规有限元法为基础,以误差估计和自适应网格改进技术为核心,是一种效率高、可靠性高的计算方法．文中简要介绍并综述了自适应有限元方法的重要发展及应用情况．并对其发展前景作了概要的预测      

基于误差马尾图量化爆轰数值模拟结果的置信度

针对爆轰流体力学数值模拟过程中输入参数的不确定性, 通过抽样技术, 形成确定性爆轰流体力学程序的各种输入和数值求解, 建立输入参数与输出响应量的样本, 再通过概率框架下的误差累积分布函数与马尾图, 给出了爆轰数值模拟过程中输入参数不确定度对模拟结果影响的置信度量化方法。通过一维黎曼问题、平面爆轰问题计算了误差马尾图, 给出了二维爆轰拉氏自适应流体动力学LAD2D程序计算网格与模拟结果置信度的关系, 对多物理爆轰过程发展高置信度数值模拟软件有很好的借鉴作用。     

一种新的求解对流占优问题的自适应网格细化方法

在均匀网格上求解对流占优问题时,往往会产生数值震荡现象,因此需要局部加密网格来提高解的精度。针对对流占优问题,设计了一种新的自适应网格细化算法。该方法采用流线迎风SUPG(Petrov-Galerkin)格式求解对流占优问题,定义了网格尺寸并通过后验误差估计子修正来指导自适应网格细化,以泡泡型局部网格生成算法BLMG为网格生成器,通过模拟泡泡在区域中的运动得到了高质量的点集。与其他自适应网格细化方法相比,该方法可在同一框架内实现网格的细化和粗化,同时在所有细化层得到了高质量的网格。数值算例结果表明,该方法在求解对流占优问题时具有更高的数值精度和更好的收敛性。     

基于单位分解法的无网格数值流形方法

在数值流形方法和单位分解法的基础上，提出了无网格数值流形方法. 无网格数值流形 方法在分析时采用了双重覆盖系统，即数学覆盖和物理覆盖. 数学覆盖提供的节点形成求解 域的有限覆盖和单位分解函数；而物理覆盖描述问题的几何区域及其域内不连续性. 与原有 的数值流形方法相比，无网格数值流形方法的数学覆盖形状更加灵活，可以用一系列节点的 影响域来建立数学覆盖和单位分解函数，具有无网格方法的特性，从而摆脱了传统的数值流 形方法中网格所带来的困难. 与无网格方法相比，由于采用了有限覆盖技术，试函数的构造 不受域内不连续的影响，克服了原有的无网格方法在处理不连续问题时所遇到的困难. 详细推导了无网格数值流形方法的试函数和求解方程，最后给出了算例，验证了该方法的正 确性.     

Enriched meshless manifold method for two-dimensional crack modeling

The meshless manifold method is based on the partition of unity method and the finite cover approximation theory which provides a unified framework for solving problems dealing with both continuum with and without discontinuities. The meshless manifold method employs two cover systems. The mathematical cover system provides the nodes for forming finite covers of the solution domain and the partition of unity functions. And the physical cover system describes geometry of the domain and the discontinuous surfaces in the domain. The shape functions are derived by the partition of unity and the finite covers approximation theory. In meshless manifold method, the mathematical finite cover approximation theory is used to model cracks that lead to interior discontinuities in the displacement. Therefore, the discontinuity is treated mathematically instead of empirically by the existing methods. However, one cover of a node is divided into two irregular sub-covers when the meshless manifold method is used to model the discontinuity. As a result, the method sometimes causes numerical errors at the tip of a crack. To improve the precision of the meshless manifold method, the enriched methods are introduced in this work for crack problems.     

Collocated discrete least‐squares (CDLS) meshless method: Error estimate and adaptive refinement

Meshless methods are new approaches for solving partial differential equations. The main characteristic of all these methods is that they do not require the traditional mesh to construct a numerical formulation. They require node generation instead of mesh generation. In other words, there is no pre‐specified connectivity or relationships among the nodes. This characteristic make these methods powerful. For example, an adaptive process which requires high computational effort in mesh‐dependent methods can be very economically solved with meshless methods. In this paper, a posteriori error estimate and adaptive refinement strategy is developed in conjunction with the collocated discrete least‐squares (CDLS) meshless method. For this, an error estimate is first developed for a CDLS meshless method. The proposed error estimator is shown to be naturally related to the least‐squares functional, providing a suitable posterior measure of the error in the solution. A mesh moving strategy is then used to displace the nodal points such that the errors are evenly distributed in the solution domain. Efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed error estimator and adaptive refinement process are tested against two hyperbolic benchmark problems, one with shocked and the other with low gradient smooth solutions. These experiments show that the proposed adaptive process is capable of producing stable and accurate results for the difficult problems considered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自适应无网格法在生物涂层接触问题中的应用

自适应无网格法是针对有限元法无法求解或者不易求解的复杂问题,利用无网格法节点排布灵活、易于增删节点、便于自适应分析等优点发展起来的. 在对自适应无网格法理论基础和发展进行总结基础上,采用基于应变能梯度的自适应无网格—— 有限元耦合方法,对等离子喷涂制备的HA 生物涂层材料的无摩擦接触问题进行分析,对制备的两种不同厚度的生物涂层材料进行求解,分别给出了von Mises 应力分布云图. 结果表明,自适应无网格法能较好地应用于生物涂层接触问题中.     

基于核重构思想的最小二乘配点型无网格方法

介绍重构核点法的基本原理和近似函数的构造方法，并基于核重构思想，应用配点法和最小二乘原理，离散微分方程，建立求解的代数方程，提出了一种基于核重构思想的最小二乘配点型无网格方法．与一般配点法相比，该方法的系数矩阵是有对称正定的，计算精度高，稳定性好．该方法的实施不需要背景网格，不需要进行高斯积分，与Galerkin法相比，具有计算量小、边界条件处理简单的特点，是一种真正的无网格法．对该方法构造过程中的近似函数及其导数的计算、修正函数的计算及方法的实现等问题进行了探讨．文中结合若干典型算例，检验了该方法的有效性．     

An approach of dynamic mesh adaptation for simulating 3‐dimensional unsteady moving‐immersed‐boundary flows

In this paper, we present an approach of dynamic mesh adaptation for simulating complex 3‐dimensional incompressible moving‐boundary flows by immersed boundary methods. Tetrahedral meshes are adapted by a hierarchical refining/coarsening algorithm. Regular refinement is accomplished by dividing 1 tetrahedron into 8 subcells, and irregular refinement is only for eliminating the hanging points. Merging the 8 subcells obtained by regular refinement, the mesh is coarsened. With hierarchical refining/coarsening, mesh adaptivity can be achieved by adjusting the mesh only 1 time for each adaptation period. The level difference between 2 neighboring cells never exceeds 1, and the geometrical quality of mesh does not degrade as the level of adaptive mesh increases. A predictor‐corrector scheme is introduced to eliminate the phase lag between adapted mesh and unsteady solution. The error caused by each solution transferring from the old mesh to the new adapted one is small because most of the nodes on the 2 meshes are coincident. An immersed boundary method named local domain‐free discretization is employed to solve the flow equations. Several numerical experiments have been conducted for 3‐dimensional incompressible moving‐boundary flows. By using the present approach, the number of mesh nodes is reduced greatly while the accuracy of solution can be preserved.     

加权最小二乘无网格法

在最小二乘法和移动最小二乘近似的基础上提出了加权最小二乘无网格法．该方法除节点外又引入了一些辅助点，控制方程在所有节点和辅助点处的残差用最小二乘法予以消除，边界条件用罚函数法引入．另外对移动最小二乘近似进行了改进，并给出了最小二乘法中泛函的简化格式，因而提高了计算效率．与配点法相比，新方法精度高，稳定性好，并且系数矩阵是对称正定矩阵．与Galerkin法相比，该方法不需要进行高斯积分，因而计算量小．算例表明该方法具有效率高、精度高和稳定性好等优点，并且易于实现．     

Dealing with extremely large deformation by Nearest-Nodes FEM with algorithm for updating element connectivity

In the recently developed Nearest-Nodes Finite Element Method (NN-FEM), elements are mainly used for numerical integration; while shape functions are constructed in a similar way as in meshless methods. Based on this strategy, NN-FEM inherits major merits from both the classical Finite Element Method and meshless methods. One of them is that NN-FEM is nearly not affected by element distortion. So NN-FEM is more efficient than the classical FEM on dealing with large deformation problems. Nevertheless, NN-FEM still has a requirement on finite element meshes, that is, elements in a mesh are required not to overlap or penetrate to each other, to avoid difficulty in numerical integration. To eliminate overlapped elements, NN-FEM is supplemented with an algorithm for updating element connectivity. With this supplement, NN-FEM is able to deal with extremely large deformation. In updating element connectivity, element nodes are kept not changed and all information associated with nodes are not touched. Therefore, there is no need to transfer solution data, and error introduced by solution transfer is avoided.     

数值流形方法研究及应用进展

基于有限覆盖技术的数值流形方法是一种新的广义的数值方法.该方法的场函数近似原理和有限元、无网格、单位分解等方法相似,但在网格划分、覆盖形式、近似函数等方面有其自身的特点和优势.对该方法近年来在理论研究和应用方面取得的重要进展进行了综述.在理论研究方面, 目前已对不同形式物理覆盖流形单元的性能进行了研究,结果表明流形单元的精度较有限单元高,且提高覆盖函数的阶次能提高单元的精度;同时理论研究已由二维低阶流形方法推广到三维高阶流形方法,由线性流形方法推广到非线性流形方法,由基于能量原理的流形方法推广到基于加权余量的流形方法,非协调流形方法、无网格流形方法等也已开展了研究; 此外,覆盖系统的自动生成、覆盖函数的形式以及边界条件的处理方法等流形方法相关理论的研究也取得了进展.在应用方面,开展了有关岩石破坏和裂纹扩展等非连续变形分析更深入的研究,并已逐步推广到金属塑性变形分析、多孔介质变形分析以及温度场的数值分析等多个领域.针对目前流形方法的研究和应用现状,该文展望了流形方法理论及实现方法的研究方向、及其在计算流体力学、金属成形等大变形问题、多物理场分析等领域的应用前景.      

Ensemble data assimilation applied to an adaptive mesh ocean model

In this study, a first attempt has been made to introduce mesh adaptivity into the ensemble Kalman fiter (EnKF) method. The EnKF data assimilation system was established for an unstructured adaptive mesh ocean model (Fluidity, Imperial College London). The mesh adaptivity involved using high resolution mesh at the regions of large flow gradients and around the observation points in order to reduce the representativeness errors of the observations. The use of adaptive meshes unavoidably introduces difficulties in the implementation of EnKF. The ensembles are defined at different meshes. To overcome the difficulties, a supermesh technique is employed for generating a reference mesh. The ensembles are then interpolated from their own mesh onto the reference mesh. The performance of the new EnKF data assimilation system has been tested in the Munk gyre flow test case. The discussion of this paper will focus on (a) the development of the EnKF data assimilation system within an adaptive mesh model and (b) the advantages of mesh adaptivity in the ocean data assimilation model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.