Comparative study of two fluid model and dense discrete phase model for simulations of gas-solid hydrodynamics in circulating fluidized beds

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has become a valuable tool to study the complex gas-solid hydrodynamics in the circulating fluidized bed(CFB).Based on the two fluid model(TFM)under the Eulerian-Eulerian framework and the dense discrete phase model(DDPM)under the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework,this work conducts the comparative study of the gas-solid hydrodynamics in a CFB riser by these two different models.Results show that DDPM could be used to predict gas-solid hydrodynamics in the circulating fluidized bed,and there are differences between TFM and DDPM,especially in the radial distribution profiles of solid phase.Sensitivity analysis results show that the gas-solid drag model exhibits significant effects on the results for both the two models.The specularity coefficient and the restitution coefficient in the TFM,as well as the reflection coefficient and the parcel number in the DDPM,exhibit less impact on the simulated results.     

Torsional static and vibration analysis of functionally graded nanotube with bi-Helmholtz kernel based stress-driven nonlocal integral model

A torsional static and free vibration analysis of the functionally graded nanotube(FGNT)composed of two materials varying continuously according to the power-law along the radial direction is performed using the bi-Helmholtz kernel based stress-driven nonlocal integral model.The differential governing equation and boundary conditions are deduced on the basis of Hamilton’s principle,and the constitutive relationship is expressed as an integral equation with the bi-Helmholtz kernel.Several nominal variables are introduced to simplify the differential governing equation,integral constitutive equation,and boundary conditions.Rather than transforming the constitutive equation from integral to differential forms,the Laplace transformation is used directly to solve the integro-differential equations.The explicit expression for nominal torsional rotation and torque contains four unknown constants,which can be determined with the help of two boundary conditions and two extra constraints from the integral constitutive relation.A few benchmarked examples are solved to illustrate the nonlocal influence on the static torsion of a clamped-clamped(CC)FGNT under torsional constraints and a clamped-free(CF)FGNT under concentrated and uniformly distributed torques as well as the torsional free vibration of an FGNT under different boundary conditions.     

Analysis on nonlinear effect of unsteady percolation in the inhomogeneous shale gas reservoir

The nonlinear effects of unsteady multi-scale shale gas percolation,such as desorption,slippage,diffusion,pressure-dependent viscosity,and compressibility,are investigated by numerical simulation.A new general mathematical model of the problem is built,in which the Gaussian distribution is used to describe the inhomogeneous intrinsic permeability.Based on the Boltzmann transformation,an efficient semi-analytical method is proposed.The problem is then converted into a nonlinear equation in an integral form for the pressure field,and a related explicit iteration scheme is constructed by numerical discretization.The validation examples show that the proposed method has good convergence,and the simulation results also agree well with the results obtained from both numerical and actual data of two vertical fractured test wells in the literature.Desorption,slippage,and diffusion have significant influence on shale gas flows.The accuracy of the usual technique that the product of viscosity and compressibility is approximated as its value at the average formation pressure is examined.     

Active control of multiscale features in wall-bounded turbulence

This study experimentally investigates the impact of a single piezoelectric(PZT)actuator on a turbulent boundary layer from a statistical viewpoint.The working conditions of the actuator include a range of frequencies and amplitudes.The streamwise velocity signals in the turbulent boundary layer flow are measured downstream of the actuator using a hot-wire anemometer.The mean velocity profiles and other basic parameters are reported.Spectra results obtained by discrete wavelet decomposition indicate that the PZT vibration primarily influences the near-wall region.The turbulent intensities at different scales suggest that the actuator redistributes the near-wall turbulent energy.The skewness and flatness distributions show that the actuator effectively alters the sweep events and reduces intermittency at smaller scales.Moreover,under the impact of the PZT actuator,the symmetry of vibration scales’velocity signals is promoted and the structural composition appears in an orderly manner.Probability distribution function results indicate that perturbation causes the fluctuations in vibration scales and smaller scales with high intensity and low intermittency.Based on the flatness factor,the bursting process is also detected.The vibrations reduce the relative intensities of the burst events,indicating that the streamwise vortices in the buffer layer experience direct interference due to the PZT control.     

Asymptotics for filtration of polydisperse suspension with small impurities

A model for deep bed filtration of a polydisperse suspension with small impurities in a porous medium is considered.Different suspended particles move with the same velocity as the carrier water and get blocked in the pore throats due to the size-exclusion mechanism of particle retention.A solution of the model in the form of a traveling wave is obtained.The global exact solution for a multiparticle filtration with one high concentration and several low concentrations of suspended particles is obtained in an explicit form.The analytic solutions for a bidisperse suspension with large and small particles are constructed.The profiles of the retained small particles change monotony with time.The global asymptotics for the filtration of a polydisperse suspension with small kinetic rates is constructed in the whole filtration zone.     

一种Cartesian气动网格的自适应划分算法

提出了针对空间Cartesian结构化网格的自适应划分算法,以满足飞机总体设计过程中进行多学科设计优化时根据方案变化生成CFD计算网格的需要,使气动特性能够得以自动化分析,并且保证优化迭代过程的顺利进行.分析了Cartesian网格划分过程中的两个关键问题,并给出了解决方法.在此基础之上,从理论上推导了能够自动适应飞机布局形式以及几何尺寸任意变化的Cartesian网格生成算法和实际划分步骤,并给出了其中部分主要的计算公式,同时论述了自适应划分过程中的若干重要问题.阐述了自适应划分所需的飞机及其部件特征尺寸的获取途径.最后展示了几个由自适应划分算法生成的Cartesian网格实例以说明其实际应用.     

低温超导核磁共振陀螺仪模型

建立了单工作物质的三自由度3He低温超导核磁共振陀螺仪结构;利用了量子力学和经典动力学,经过严密的力学分析和数学演算,给出了三轴陀螺仪的工作原理和结构示意图;针对陀螺仪的交叉轴角速率耦合问题,给出了附加磁场线圈解耦法和冗余设计结构,最后建立了基于超导量子干涉仪探测磁矩,并采用最小二乘估计法来推导陀螺进动频率.陀螺仪测速范围可以达到10-9～103 rad/s,漂移为10-4 (°)/h.该陀螺仪结合低温超导技术具有高精度的前景.需要进一步对超导量子干涉磁矩检测仪的精度与陀螺性能进行研究.     

DEM investigation of macro-and micro-mechanical properties of rigid-grain and soft-chip mixtures

We investigated the macro-and micro-mechanical properties of rigid-grain and soft-chip mixtures(GCMs)through numerical simulations using the discrete element method.We present a novel framework for the discrete modeling of soft chips and rigid grains in conjunction with calibration processes.Several numerical triaxial tests were also performed on GCMs with 0%,10%,20%,and 30%volumetric chip contents,P.The simulation results demonstrate that increasing P leads to higher GCM toughness,higher deviatoric peak stress,and higher corresponding shear strain.Higher P also contributes to more volume contraction and less dilation.The friction angles at both the peak and residual state significantly increase with increasing P.In view of the micro-mechanical features,strong contact force chains develop along the loading direction,which results in considerable anisotropy in the peak and residual states.Both the formation of strong force chains and rotation of grains decrease with increasing P,whereas the grain sliding percentage increases.The tensile force is mobilized with shearing and higher P leads to less mobilization of the tensile force.These findings are useful for better understanding the internal structure of GCMs with different soft-chip contents,especially in granular mixture mechanics and geomechanics.     

Interaction effects on heat conduction and thermal stress in an infinite elastic plane with two circular holes

Numerous researches have focused on the physical behavior of an elastic material in the vicinity of a single hole under the assumption that the interaction effects arising from the introduction of multiple holes remain negligible if the holes are placed sufficiently far from each other.In an effort to understand hole interaction effects on heat conduction and thermal stress,we consider the case when two circular holes are embedded in an infinite elastic material and use complex variable methods together with numerical analysis to obtain solutions describing temperature and elastic fields in the vicinity of the two circular holes.The results indicate that the interaction effects on temperature distribution and stress strongly depend on the relative size of the two holes and the distance placed between them but not on the actual size of the holes.     

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编辑部的同志要我写一点回忆,以纪念<力学与实践>创刊30年.往事悠悠,使我又回到20世纪70年代那动荡不安,却又是激情四射的年代.     

大学物理《力学》中的自由度分析

对《力学》中的物体自由度进行多方面分析,以深化教学、提高学生正 确分析物理问题的能力.使用实际教学分析的研究方法,在《力学》范围内讨论自由度与坐标、 自由与约束的关系并得以下结论: (1) 同一物体的自由度随其所在的``空间'不同而不同, 不因坐标系的选取不同而 异, 在同类参考系中不因参考系的动静而有别;(2)自由度遵循叠加原理. 讨论了质点系的总自由度及相关计算问题,并指出研究《力学》中自由度的意义.     

Development and design of new methods of measurement of state of strain of structures

The present paper deals with development and design of new methods utilizing Wiedemann's effect for determination of state of strain in building structures. Wiedemann's effect and some features of torsional strain of magnetic field are the basis of new experimental method. Especially the point electromagnetic strain gages using the effect of pure torsion of electromagnetic field to enable universal examination. For strain-gage measurements, almost all physical quantities are used which can be related to the variation in length of the structures. From the electric strain measurements, the most commonly used methods are the measurements by resonance-wire strain gages or by electric-resistance strain gages. In this paper, electromagnetic strain gages are discussed using the Wiedemann effect, and the author describes some new measuring equipment and his own suggestions and methods based on an application of this effect.     

Calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of arrays of profiles of arbitrary shape

It is well known that the problem on nonseparating potential flow of an incompressible fluid about an array of profiles reduces to an integral equation for a certain real function, determined on the contours of the profiles of the array. As such a function one can take, as was done, for instance, in [1–5], the relative velocity of the fluid on the profiles of the array. For arrays of profiles of arbitrary shape it is necessary to solve the corresponding integral equation numerically. In the particular examples of the calculation of aerodynamic arrays that are available [1–3] the numerical methods used were based on the approximate evaluation of contour integrals by rectangle formulas. As investigations showed, sizeable errors arose thereby in the approximate solution obtained, these being especially significant in the case of curved profiles of relatively small bulk. In the present paper a method for the numerical solution of the integral equation obtained in [5] is proposed. The method is based on the replacement of a profile of the array with an inscribed N polygon, the length of whose sides is of the order N^–1 and whose internal angles are close to . Convergence with increasing N of the numerical solution to an exact solution of the integral equations at the reference points is demonstrated. Examples of the calculation are given.Novosibirsk. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 105–112, March–April, 1972.