改进WENO格式及其在爆轰计算中的应用

对已有的一种改进型WENO-M格式进行了理论上的修正,得到了新的WENO权函数。与原WENO-M格式相比,新得到的WENO-M-P格式减少了约9%的CPU计算时间,同时也保证了在一阶极值点处不降低精度（经典的WENO格式在一阶极值点处精度下降）,仍然保持5阶精度。为了验证修正后的格式,采用二步反应模型数值模拟了几组一维和二维爆轰：在一维爆轰模拟中,对比了WENO-M格式和WENO-M-P格式在一定温度下的最低起爆压强以及一定压强下的最低起爆温度;在二维旋转爆轰的模拟中,对比了WENO-M格式和WENO-M-P格式的计算效果。结果表明：在同样的起爆温度下,WENO-M 格式和 WENO-M-P 格式的最低起爆压强均高于 WENO格式,但WENO-M-P格式比WENO-M格式的最低起爆压强低;三种格式在不同压强下的最低起爆温度相同;WENO-M-P格式具有和WENO-M格式一样的计算效果,优势是节省了计算时间。     

尺度无关高阶WCNS格式

高速流场的数值模拟中, 既要保证对小尺度结构的高保真分辨, 又要实现对激波稳定、无振荡地捕捉.当前工程中广泛应用的高精度数值格式虽然都能一定程度地满足上述两种要求, 但仍与理想目标存在较大差距.例如, 模拟雷诺应力模型等小尺度问题时, 高精度格式在间断解附近易产生数值振荡.基于高精度格式所存在的上述问题, 本文引入去尺度函数, 探索了一种更加简单稳定的非线性权重构造方法, 并将其应用于7阶精度加权紧致非线性格式WCNS, 提出了一种尺度无关的7阶WCNS格式.该格式的性能与灵敏度参数和尺度因子的选择无关, 并且在小尺度下仍可以有效捕捉流场激波.同时, 该格式在间断处具有基本无振荡性质, 且在任意尺度函数下保持尺度无关, 并且在极值点处也能保持最优精度.本文还推导了7阶D权函数的形式.最后, 在一维线性对流方程中验证了新格式在流场光滑区能够达到设计精度, 并通过一系列数值实验证明了尺度无关的7阶WCNS格式在激波捕捉能力上具有良好表现, 为WCNS格式改进和解决可压缩湍流等非线性问题提供了一种新途径.      

一种改进的中心-WENO混合格式

基于中心差分与WENO格式混合可以改善WENO格式耗散特性的思想,在理论推导的基础上,给出了一种用于激波捕捉计算的守恒型中心-WENO混合格式,该混合格式可视为三阶WENO格式和二阶中心差分格式的加权平均。在数值研究现有加权函数的基础上,给出了适用于该混合格式的加权函数,使其能够自适应地调整数值耗散以捕捉激波间断。数值结果表明:与三阶WENO格式相比,混合格式HY3_4能够降低数值耗散,更陡峭地捕捉间断,对复杂流场结构具有较高的分辨率;混合格式HY3_5对于包含高压比激波间断流场结构,能给出无振荡、低耗散的结果。     

基于高阶和高效格式的悬停旋翼可压缩无粘绕流的计算

发展了一种基于高精度和高效格式计算悬停旋翼复杂绕流的隐式有限体积方法。控制方程为Euler方程,其中对流项通量的左右状态量采用五阶加权基本无振荡(WENO)格式重构,时间推进应用隐式LU-SGS算法,为进一步加速收敛,采用三层V循环多重网格松弛方法。考虑到多重网格方法的思想以及五阶WENO格式涉及6个网格单元,建议仅在最细网格上使用WENO格式。计算结果表明本文方法能有效捕捉激波,对尾迹也有较高分辨率,基于隐式LU-SGS算法的多重网格方法能有效提高计算效率。     

7阶WENO-S格式的计算效率研究

WENO-S格式是一类适合于含间断问题数值模拟的加权本质无振荡格式.这类格式的光滑因子满足对单频波为常数,这使得其近似色散关系与线性基底格式一致,并且具有良好的小尺度波动模拟能力．计算效率是数值方法性能指标的一个重要方面.由于WENO-S格式的光滑因子在各子模板上的计算公式除下标不同外形式一致,在计算线性对流方程相邻数值通量时,部分光滑因子完全相同．为此提出一种消除WENO-S格式冗余光滑因子计算的方法.该方法要求一条网格线上用于重构或插值的量可以表示为一个序列.基于此要求分析其对于几种不同物理问题的可行性和使用方法.以7阶WENO-S格式为例介绍了格式性质和去除冗余光滑因子计算的方法.该方法中预先计算和存储一条网格线上的所有光滑因子,在网格点较多的情况下,光滑因子计算次数约为原7阶WENO-S格式的1/4.对一维对流问题、球面波传播问题、二维旋转问题、二维小扰动传播问题及一维和二维无黏流动问题进行了数值模拟.结果表明该格式对多种流动结构具有良好的捕捉能力,并且同时具有良好的计算效率,去除冗余计算后又降低了约20%的计算时间.     

高阶紧致格式分区并行算法

针对超声速多尺度复杂流动问题,发展了一种高精度并行算法。计算格式采用五阶迎风紧致格式,用特征型通量限制方法抑制非物理振荡。在对接边界处采用五阶WENO格式,以保证整个计算域内计算精度一致。通过网格分区和数据交换,在MPI平台实现了并行计算。通过超声速算例对算法进行了验证,并对并行效率和加速比进行了分析。最后,将算法应用于超声速转捩、湍流问题的数值模拟。计算结果表明,提出的算法具有较高的精度和分辨率,对接边界光滑连续,并且并行效率较高,在高超声速湍流流动数值模拟中取得了较好的应用效果。     

三阶WENO格式精度分析与改进

高分辨率激波捕捉格式对含激波流场的数值模拟具有重要意义。通过理论推导分析了WENO-JS3格式和WENO-Z3格式的精度,发现两种格式在光滑流场区域（包含极值点处）具有相同的理论精度且均低于三阶设计精度,WENO-Z3格式由于增大了非光滑模板的非线性权重使其计算精度有所提高。在理论推导的基础上,提出了WENO-Z+3格式及其改进格式（WENO-Z+3P1和WENO-Z+3P32）,且改进格式在光滑流场区域能满足所设计的三阶精度要求。选用一维平面黎曼问题及双马赫反射等经典算例,验证了本文提出的WENO-Z+3格式及其改进格式相较其他格式具有耗散低和对流场结构分辨率高的特性。     

三阶WENO格式精度分析与改进

高分辨率激波捕捉格式对含激波流场的数值模拟具有重要意义。通过理论推导分析了WENO-JS3格式和WENO-Z3格式的精度,发现两种格式在光滑流场区域(包含极值点处)具有相同的理论精度且均低于三阶设计精度,WENO-Z3格式由于增大了非光滑模板的非线性权重使其计算精度有所提高。在理论推导的基础上,提出了WENO-Z+3格式及其改进格式(WENO-Z+3P1和WENO-Z+3P32),且改进格式在光滑流场区域能满足所设计的三阶精度要求。选用一维平面黎曼问题及双马赫反射等经典算例,验证了本文提出的WENO-Z+3格式及其改进格式相较其他格式具有耗散低和对流场结构分辨率高的特性。     

一种提高极值点处收敛精度的三阶WENO-Z格式

为了提高三阶WENO-Z格式在极值点处的计算精度，通过理论推导给出三阶WENO格式满足收敛精度的充分条件。采用泰勒级数展开的方式，推导给出所构造格式非线性权重的计算公式，并综合权衡计算精度和计算稳定性确定所构造格式的参数。通过两个典型的精度测试，验证了改进格式在光滑流场极值点区域逼近三阶精度。进一步选用激波与熵波相互作用和Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性等经典算例，证实了本文提出的改进格式WENO-PZ3相较其他格式（WENO-JS3和WENO-Z3）不仅具有较高的精度，而且降低了格式的耗散，提高了对流场结构的分辨率。     

一种提高极值点处收敛精度的三阶WENO-Z格式

为了提高三阶WENO-Z格式在极值点处的计算精度,通过理论推导给出三阶WENO格式满足收敛精度的充分条件。采用泰勒级数展开的方式,推导给出所构造格式非线性权重的计算公式,并综合权衡计算精度和计算稳定性确定所构造格式的参数。通过两个典型的精度测试,验证了改进格式在光滑流场极值点区域逼近三阶精度。进一步选用激波与熵波相互作用和Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性等经典算例,证实了本文提出的改进格式WENO-PZ3相较其他格式(WENO-JS3和WENO-Z3)不仅具有较高的精度,而且降低了格式的耗散,提高了对流场结构的分辨率。     

松弛方法在计算凝聚炸药爆轰问题中的应用

利用松弛近似,将非线性的凝聚炸药爆轰控制方程转化为线性的松弛方程组,并采用五阶WENO格式和五阶线性多步显隐格式对线性松弛方程组进行空间方向和时间方向的离散,由此建立具有高精度和高分辨率性质的计算凝聚炸药爆轰的松弛方法。建立的松弛方法可以避免求解Riemann问题及计算非线性通量的Jacobi矩阵,同时无需分裂处理反应源项。通过对凝聚炸药的平面一维定常爆轰波结构及球面一维聚心、散心爆轰起爆和传播过程的数值模拟,验证了所建立的松弛方法能够很好地计算凝聚炸药爆轰问题。     

A high performance fifth-order multistep WENO scheme

Many efforts have been made to improve the accuracy of the conventional weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme at transition points (connecting a smooth region and a discontinuity point). This paper analyzes these works and further develops a more effective multistep WENO scheme. Theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the new scheme not only improves the accuracy by one order higher than the traditional fifth-order WENO schemes at transition point but also maintains the fifth-order accuracy in smooth regions even at critical point where the first derivative vanishes.     

基于WENO-THINC/WLIC模型的水气二相流数值模拟

水气二相流与诸多领域的实际工程问题密切相关. 对二相流运动进行高精度的数值模拟是计算流体力学研究的难点和热点. 针对开敞水域的自由表面流运动问题, 将水和空气均视为不可压缩流体, 采用五阶加权基本无震荡(weighted essentially non-oscillatory, WENO)格式求解描述流体运动的纳维斯托克斯(Navier-Stokes, NS)方程, 利用以加权线性界面算法改进的多维双曲正切函数界面捕捉法(tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing with weighed line interface calculation, THINC/WLIC)追踪水气界面, 建立WENO-THINC/WLIC水气二相流运动数值模型. 模型采用分步计算法离散求解控制方程, 通过压力投影法求解压强场, 并利用三阶总变差递减(total variation diminishing, TVD)龙格库塔(Runge-Kutta, RK)法对时间项进行离散求解. 通过对环境速度场下Zalesak's disk和shearing vortex界面运动问题, 线性液舱晃荡问题以及溃坝问题的模拟结果与理论分析或试验结果的比较, 对所建立的水气二相流数值模型的适用性及模拟精度进行了验证. 结果表明, 本模型的模拟结果与物理模型或理论分析结果吻合良好, 能较为准确地再现不可压缩水气二相流运动现象. 鉴于WENO格式和THINC法本身在算法及应用等方面仍在不断改进, 本研究提出的WENO-THINC耦合模型为后续更高精度的二相流计算模型开发提供了一种研究思路.      

L1-type smoothness indicators based weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme for Hamilton-Jacobi equations

This article presents an improved fifth-order finite difference weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme to solve Hamilton-Jacobi equations. A new type of nonlinear weights is introduced with the construction of local smoothness indicators on each local stencil that are measured with the help of generalized undivided differences in L¹-norm. A novel global smoothness measurement is also constructed with the help of local measurements from its linear combination. Numerical experiments are conducted in one- and two-dimensions to demonstrate the performance enhancement, resolution power, numerical accuracy for the proposed scheme, and compared it with the classical WENO scheme.     

Numerical simulation of flow fields induced by a supersonic projectile moving in tubes

Numerical study of the shocked flows generated by a supersonic projectile released from a launch tube into a big chamber has been performed in this paper. Based on fixed Cartesian grids, the two-dimensional axisymmetric Euler equations are solved by the fifth-order WENO scheme implemented with moving boundary conditions. Both the level set technique and ghost fluid method are used for capturing the moving interface of the projectile implicitly. The numerical results show that complex shock phenomena exist in the transient shock flow, resulting from shock-wave reflection, shock-wave focusing, shock-wave/projectile interaction and shock-wave/contact surface interactions. The relationships between the acceleration of the projectile and the transient shock flow are also discussed in detail.     

Rotor wake capture improvement based on high-order spatially accurate schemes and chimera grids

A high-order upwind scheme has been developed to capture the vortex wake of a helicopter rotor in the hover based on chimera grids. In this paper, an improved fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme is adopted to interpolate the higher-order left and right states across a cell interface with the Roe Riemann solver updating inviscid flux, and is compared with the monotone upwind scheme for scalar conservation laws (MUSCL). For profitably capturing the wake and enforcing the period boundary condition, the computation regions of flows are discretized by using the structured chimera grids composed of a fine rotor grid and a cylindrical background grid. In the background grid, the mesh cells located in the wake regions are refined after the solution reaches the approximate convergence. Considering the interpolation characteristic of the WENO scheme, three layers of the hole boundary and the interpolation boundary are searched. The performance of the schemes is investigated in a transonic flow and a subsonic flow around the hovering rotor. The results reveal that the present approach has great capabilities in capturing the vortex wake with high resolution, and the WENO scheme has much lower numerical dissipation in comparison with the MUSCL scheme.     

钝头体激波诱导振荡燃烧现象的数值模拟

采用一种改进的化学非平衡流解耦方法对轴对称Euler反应流方程解耦处理,对流项采用五阶WENO格式离散,化学反应源项的刚性采用简化的隐式方法处理,时间步进采用二阶精度的Runge-Kutta方法,对H₂/Air预混气在来流Ma=4.48和Ma=4.79时的激波诱导振荡燃烧现象进行了数值研究. 对比分析了网格尺度的影响,发现计算结果对法向网格尺度比较敏感,流向网格密度的变化对结果影响不大;Ma=4.48时,采用敏感性分析方法对各反应模型进行了对比分析,J和B-W模型在实验所处的温度和压力范围内能够比较准确的预测诱导时间,所得的振荡频率与实验结果相符,所揭示的振荡机理与McVey和Toong振荡机理吻合,而JM模型预测的诱导时间偏长,其振荡频率低于实验观测值;Ma=4.79时,J模型所得的振荡频率与实验值吻合,而B-W模型释热时间短,且对流场波动比较敏感,流场扰动引起了瞬时局部爆震现象,破坏了振荡的规律性;五阶WENO空间离散格式的应用使计算结果精度较好.      

Kinetic theory based multi-level adaptive finite difference WENO schemes for compressible Euler equations

In this paper we proposed the kinetic framework based fifth-order adaptive finite difference WENO schemes abbreviated as WENO-AO-K schemes to solve the compressible Euler equations, which are quasi-linear hyperbolic equations that can admit discontinuous solutions like shock and contact waves. The formulation of the proposed schemes is based on the kinetic theory where one can recover the Euler equations by applying a suitable moment method strategy to the Boltzmann equation. The kinetic flux vector splitting strategy is used in WENO-AO framework, which produces the computationally expensive error and exponential functions. Thus, to reduce the computational cost, a physically more relevant peculiar velocity based splitting strategy is used, which is more efficient than the kinetic flux vector splitting. High order of accuracy in time is achieved using the third-order total variation diminishing Runge–Kutta (TVD-RK) scheme. Several one- and two-dimensional test cases are solved for the compressible Euler equations using the proposed fifth-order WENO-AO-K schemes and the results are compared with conventional WENO-AO scheme. Proposed schemes capture the complex flow features in a smooth region accurately, and discontinuity is also well resolved. Error analysis of the proposed schemes shows optimal convergence rates in various norms.     

Stabilized seventh-order dissipative compact scheme using simultaneous approximation terms

To ensure time stability of a seventh-order dissipative compact finite difference scheme, fourth-order boundary closures are used near domain boundaries previously.However, this would reduce the global convergence rate to fifth-order only. In this paper,we elevate the boundary closures to sixth-order to achieve seventh-order global accuracy.To keep the improved scheme time stable, the simultaneous approximation terms(SATs)are used to impose boundary conditions weakly. Eigenvalue analysis shows that the improved scheme is time stable. Numerical experiments for linear advection equations and one-dimensional Euler equations are implemented to validate the new scheme.