区域相关位相去包络技术

本文提出区域相关位相去包络新方法,配合非相容点标记方法,实现了快速、准确的位相去包络,为了验证该技术的可靠性,本文用数值模拟的方法对一个典型的位相结果进行去包络和误差分析,并对相移干涉云纹实验中取得的位图进行了去包络处理,最后讨论了区域相关去包络的优点。     

光学干涉计量中的位相测量方法

对光学干涉计量中常用的位相测量方法进行了综述,包括时间相移法、空间相移法、空间载波相移法和Fourier变换法以及位相展开问题。     

频率向导的单幅散斑条纹图位相提取方法

提出一种基于条纹频率向导的单幅散斑条纹图位相提取技术,可对一般的散斑条纹图进行自动化位相提取. 该方法利用加窗傅里叶运算求得散斑条纹图的条纹频率,并在条纹频率的向导下对散斑条纹图的位相进行提取. 数值模拟和实验结果证实了这一方法的有效性.      

数字剪切散斑相关条图的形成及其分析

本文提出了用线性相关计算形成高可见度的数字剪切散斑相关条纹图的方法，为上关条纹图的自动分析奠定了良好的基础，文中还推导了附加位相与物光反射镜转角的关系，使精确地计算附加位相成为可能。同时还介绍了任意附加位相的三步相移技术，最后给出了用线性相关计算法形成的相关条纹图及计算出的位相图。     

数字剪切散斑相关条纹图的形成及其分析

本文提出了用线性相关计算形成高可见度的数字剪切散斑相关条纹图的方法，为相关条纹图的自动分析奠定了良好的基础。文中还推导了附加位相与物光反射镜转角的关系，使精确地计算附加位相成为可能。同时还介绍了任意附加位相的三步相移技术。最后给出了用线性相关计算法形成的相关条纹图及计算出的位相图。     

利用动态DSPI及其时域位相分析研究Portevin—Le Chatelier滑移带

Portevin—Le Chatelier(PIC)效应是一种典型的塑性失稳现象，我们提出了一种新方法对合金材料中的PIC效应进行直接的观察和定量化的研究，这种方法的原理基于干涉散斑图样的位相差是一个与时间相关的单调函数，当PIC效应发生的时候，干涉散斑图序列被高速采集记录下来进行时域位相分析，同时通过动态散斑干涉法补偿位移，利用这种方法可以得到PIC滑移带及周围区域沿拉伸方向的位移分布并估算由滑移引起的试件的伸长。     

混合光载波法分离动静态主应力

本文将等差载波位相调制原理与夹层全息术结合形成的混合光载波法,可同时获得等差载波条纹图与混合载波条纹图.对混合载波纹图进行光学付里叶变换,利用空间滤波技术可将等和载波条纹从中分离出来.利用图象处理技术实现了对两种载波条纹图从预处理到应力计算的自动化处理.将混合光载波法应用于动态全息光弹性,分离了动态主应力. 文中还提出了一个经济实用的大尺寸载波片制作技术.     

晶体生长过程实时监测系统

实时监测晶体生长过程对研究晶体生长动力学以及调控晶体生长过程有着很重要的意义。结合干涉技术、相移技术以及时间序列位相提取技术,建立了一个晶体生长过程实时监测系统。该系统主要由三条光束组成,通过设定快门参数组成不同的Mach-Zehnder干涉光路,可同时用于无机盐晶体和蛋白质晶体生长过程的实时定量监测。利用该系统及时间序列位相提取方法,对NaCl晶体在自然蒸发情况下的生长过程以及溶菌酶蛋白悬滴法结晶过程进行了研究,对该系统和方法在研究晶体结晶过程中的可行性及优势进行了验证。结果表明,该系统不仅可以获得晶体结晶过程中的实时绝对浓度、过饱和度等晶体生长动力学参数;而且对于蛋白质结晶过程,快门系统的引入解决了蛋白溶液多浓度场叠加的分离问题,在一个实验周期内获得了溶菌酶蛋白结晶过程中的实时蛋白浓度演变、实时沉淀剂浓度变化等结晶动力学参数。这些关键参数为下一步探索结晶条件对晶体质量的影响、分析蛋白结晶相图以及优化蛋白质晶体质量提供了定量数据基础。     

三维形状检测中的参数标定研究

应用投影栅线法在现场检测三维物体的形状时，参数标定是影响测量精度最重要的一个因素。本文研究了三维形状检测过程中的参数标定问题，并应用傅里叶位相解调技术处理实验数据。提出了坐标系统及几何参数的标定技术，推导出考虑栅线节距变化的计算公式。给出了部分实验结果，并讨论了测试精度。     

基于层次分析法的重力匹配区域选择准则

重力辅助导航在数字重力图的不同区域,其匹配效果各不相同。为了评价数字重力图各区域的重力匹配效果,给路径规划提供可靠的依据,在对地球重力场的各种特征参数进行归一化处理并且分类统计分析的基础上,运用层次分析法将重力场的局部标准差、经度方向粗糙度、纬度方向粗糙度、经度方向坡度、相关系数进行组合,给出一种新的重力匹配区域选择准则,依据此准则将数字重力图划分为重力匹配的适配区和非适配区。在数字重力图上采用均方差(MAD)和平均绝对差(MSD)算法进行重力辅助导航的重力匹配仿真计算和比较,仿真结果表明,适配区域的匹配导航效果明显优于非适配区域,定位误差小于一个重力格网。     

Algorithm for phase contrast X-ray tomography based on nonlinear phase retrieval

A new algorithm for phase contrast X-ray tomography under holographic measurement was proposed in this paper. The main idea of the algorithm was to solve the nonlinear phase retrieval problem using the Newton iterative method. The linear equations for the Newton directions were proved to be ill-posed and the regularized solutions were obtained by the conjugate gradient method. Some numerical experiments with computer simulated data were presented. The efficiency, feasibility and the numerical stability of the algorithm were illustrated by the numerical experiments. Compared with the results produced by the linearized phase retrieval algorithm, we can see that the new algorithm is not limited to be only efficient for the data measured in the near-field of the Fresnel region and thus it has a broader validity range.     

投影栅相移法中的相位波动误差及修正算法研究

分析了因测量系统非线性响应及局部饱和投影栅图像所导致的相位误差及其波动特性。经过实验验证,四步相移算法在抑制系统非线性响应所引起的相位误差方面优于三步相移算法。通过模拟分析得出,在采用传统相移算法对局部饱和条纹图像分析时,相位误差较大,且相位分布具有周期波动特性。为减小因图像局部饱和而产生的相位误差,文中采用了新的算法提取相位。实验分析结果验证了算法的正确性。     

基于锁相循环投影的物体形貌检测

本文提出将相位锁定循环技术应用于栅线投影方法,将规则栅线投影到物体表面得到变形栅线,用相位锁定循环法解调含有物体表面高度信息的位相。用该法不需传统的相位去包裹,即可完成对二维栅线图扫描,从而确定其相位。通过对典型试件的检测,得到了比较满意的结果。     

A novel image encryption algorithm based on chaotic maps and GF(28) exponent transformation

In this paper, we propose an image encryption algorithm that is based on GF(2⁸) transformations, using the Arnold cat map and incorporating the nonlinear chaotic algorithm. The plain image is processed with the nonlinear chaotic algorithm and is shuffled iteratively with the Arnold cat map, while transforming the image pixel values into GF(2⁸). We show that the encryption characteristics of this approach are better as compared to some well known encryption algorithms.     

基于物理统一存储大规模数字导航地图道路网拓扑自动生成算法

道路网络的拓扑信息是GIS进行空间分析,如最优路径、地图匹配等算法的数据基础。目前,获取和建立道路网络的拓扑信息非常繁琐,不仅费时、费力,并且容易出错。采用逻辑分幅物理统一的存储策略,在探讨了拓扑生成的一般算法的前提下,提出了大规模超大规模数字地图自动生成道路网络拓扑关系的步骤和算法。该算法采用网格索引检索每个子图的元素,用hash索引映射实体ID和实体对象信息,并将整图的拓扑信息生成转化为对每个子图的拓扑求取,并对跨子图道路拓扑求解特别讨论。然后,对算法复杂度进行了分析,并且通过建立不同道路数的多个虚拟道路网络子图对算法性能进行了测试和比较。最后用本算法跟踪处理了南京市道路网络（部分）,并给出了结果。本算法在保留地理数据完整性的前提下,解决了常规方法的内存限制,并且具有准线性的运算代价,并能够自动恢复数据处理。     

Applications of the dynamic mode decomposition

The decomposition of experimental data into dynamic modes using a data-based algorithm is applied to Schlieren snapshots of a helium jet and to time-resolved PIV-measurements of an unforced and harmonically forced jet. The algorithm relies on the reconstruction of a low-dimensional inter-snapshot map from the available flow field data. The spectral decomposition of this map results in an eigenvalue and eigenvector representation (referred to as dynamic modes) of the underlying fluid behavior contained in the processed flow fields. This dynamic mode decomposition allows the breakdown of a fluid process into dynamically revelant and coherent structures and thus aids in the characterization and quantification of physical mechanisms in fluid flow.     

A one-dimensional model for superelastic shape-memory alloys with different elastic properties between austenite and martensite

The present work addresses a one-dimensional model able to reproduce the shape-memory-alloy superelastic behavior, taking into account the different elastic properties between austenite and martensite. The model is based on a single scalar internal variable, the martensite fraction, for which evolutionary equations in rate form are proposed. The dependency of the elastic modulus in terms of the martensite fraction is computed through different homogenization techniques. Integration in time leads to the time-discrete evolutionary equations, for which a detailed analysis in terms of admissible roots is presented, together with the expression of the consistent tangent modulus. The solution of the time-discrete model is approached through a return map algorithm, properly modified for the case of phase transitions of the type occurring in shape-memory materials. Finally, the ability of the model to simulate one-dimensional experimental data is assessed.     

室内惯性/视觉组合导航地面图像分割算法

导航技术是机器人实现自主移动的关键技术之一。针对惯性导航创建全局导航地图困难等问题,提出一种新的惯性/视觉组合导航室内全局地图创建方法。规定机器人只能在地面区域中移动,并利用室内俯视图像建立全局地图,提出一种俯视图像地面区域的自动分割算法。首先,利用主元分析算法对图像的局部颜色特征进行降维;其次,利用聚类算法对地面区域进行自动分割;最后,建立了室内俯视图像数据库并对算法的性能进行了验证。由于第四组图像中包含反光区域,算法的分割结果较差,平均正确分辨率为75%。算法在其他各组的平均正确分割率为85%左右。为提高算法的性能,可在应用本算法前利用反光区域检测算法对图像进行预处理。     

Vector post-processing algorithm for phase discrimination of two-phase PIV

A simple phase separation method using vector post-processing techniques is evaluated to measure velocity fields in a bubble plume. To provide for validation, fluorescent seeding is used, and two sets of synoptic images are obtained: mixed-phase images containing bubbles and fluorescent particles, and fluid-phase images containing only fluorescent particles. A third dataset is derived by applying a digital mask to remove bubbles from the mixed-phase images. All datasets are processed using cross-correlation particle image velocimetry (PIV). The resulting vector maps for the raw, mixed-phase data contain both bubble and continuous-phase velocity vectors. To separate the phases, a vector post-processing algorithm applies a maximum velocity threshold for the continuous-phase velocities coupled with the vector median filter to identify remaining bubble-velocity vectors and remove them from the mixed-phase velocity field. To validate the phase separation algorithm, the post-processed fluid-phase vectors are compared to PIV results obtained from both the optically separated and digitally masked data. The comparison among these methods shows that the post-processed mixed-phase data have small errors in regions near some bubbles, but for dilute environmental flows (low void fraction and slip velocity approximately equal to the entrained fluid velocity), the algorithm predicts well both instantaneous and time average statistical quantities. The method is reliable for flows having 10% or less of the field of view occupied by bubbles. The resulting instantaneous data provide information on plume wandering and eddy-size distributions within the bubble plume. By comparison among the datasets, it is shown that the patchiness of the vector-post processed and image masked data limit the diameter of identifiable eddy structures to the average distance between bubbles in the image, and that both datasets give identical probability density functions of eddy size. The optically filtered data have better data coverage and predict a greater probability of larger eddies as compared to the other two datasets.     

Measurement of recombination rate parameters in nonequilibrium supersonic expansions of ionized argon and neon

Two wavelength interferometry techniques and a two dimensional Fourier transform analysis are used to produce contour maps of the heavy particle densities and ionization fractions for supersonic corner expansions of ionized argon and neon. A new phase unwrapping algorithm is employed to minimize noise problems previously encountered because of phase discontinuities associated with shock waves and flow luminosity. Determination of recombination rate coefficients is achieved through the measurement of gradients in the ionization fraction.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1990.