多功能力矩分配法

提出了新的力矩分配思想，将角位移和线位移综合考虑，使力矩分配法能直接应用于有侧移结构，且在计算内力的同时还能计算结构的位移，使力矩分配法具有多功能. 实例计算表明，该方法正确、简单，有利用价值.     

不同模量理论弹性支承连续梁及框架

弹性支承连续梁及框架结构的内力不仅与各杆件的刚度有关，而且与支承结构的刚度有关．当引入拉压不同模量后，各杆件的抗弯刚度EI不再为常数(与经典力学不同)，而是内力的函数，使结构内力计算成为非线性问题．用分段积分法推导出不同模量弹性支承连续梁及框架的中性轴公式和内力计算表达式并编制非线性内力计算迭代程序．通过实例计算对比分析不同模量与经典力学相同模量两种方法计算结果的差异，最后提出对该类结构计算的合理建议以及利用不同模量对结构进行优化的结论．     

基于FOSM法的预应力钢桁架系统可靠性分析

基于一次二阶矩法(FOSM)建立了索张拉预应力钢桁架任意单元失效模式可靠性指标的计算模型,并分别根据点估计法和窄界限法得到了整体结构失效概率的计算公式,随机内力统计特性-均值和标准差则根据随机摄动理论确定.该计算模型中的基本随机参数包括任意折线索单元和桁架单元的截面面积 (或综合刚度) 、张拉钢索的预拉力、外荷载及弹性约束刚度等.利用本文计算模型编写的计算程序对工程中普遍采用的结构形式进行了可靠性分析,并对影响结果的有关参数进行了讨论,为索张拉预应力钢结构整体可靠性设计奠定了一定的基础.分析表明,窄限法得到的整体可靠性指标与点估计法(PNET)所确定的基本一致, 这是因为本文计算模型中各失效模式间的相关系数较小之故.此外,随机变量的相关性对预应力钢结构不同阶段可靠性指标有不同的影响,其中加载阶段影响更大.     

抗滑桩与滑坡相互作用分析的常微分方程组边值法

将抗滑桩与滑坡的相互作用抽象为一阶常微分方程组在特定边界条件约束下的定解问题,通过龙格-库塔(Runge-Kutta)差分法求解该方程组可得桩身内力与变形及滑床抗力,该方法不同于常规的基于桩体挠曲四阶微分方程的级数解法、差分法及有限元法,可以一次性解出桩身内力及变形值,无需进行二次换算;可对全桩进行整体分析,无需像传统方法那样以滑动面为界将桩身分成受荷段和锚固段分别计算;该方法一改传统的求解高阶微分方程为解低阶微分方程组,符合计算力学的优化思想,并且可以方便地考虑桩身的剪切变形,为抗滑桩的计算分析提供了一种切实可行的新思路,可作为传统抗滑桩内力分析方法的有效补充。本文还编写了基于该法的全桩内力计算和图形处理程序。工程算例表明,该方法与传统方法的计算结果能很好吻合,且程序运行效率更高。     

实现有限元并行分布计算的一种新策略

在几种典型的计算网络上，给出了实现有限元并行分布计算的一种全新策略。它对子结构的划分方式没有任何限制，使结构划分方式对通讯不产生任何影响，并利用所谓的∑通讯完成有关迭代计算。这种策略广泛适用于多项式加速法的并行分布迭代计算，使有限元并行分布计算的算法及程序与具体的计算网络有很好的分离性，同时也很大程度地保留了已有串行有限元算法及程序的优点。以预处理的共轭斜量法为例，在Ｉｎｍｏｓ Ｔ８００ Ｔｒａｎ     

复合材料薄壁结构连接件细节内力分析的有限元方法

为得到复合材料薄壁结构机械连接件中各承力元件的内力和变形情况,确定各承载紧固孔的旁路载荷（ＰＰＬ）和钉传载荷（Ｐｄｃ）,以便合理地进行连接件的细节设计和强度分析,本文基于迭层板“等效弹性模量”概念,提出了一套工程实用的复合材料结构连接件细节内力分析的有限元方法。所编制的计算程序适用于对实际结构中各种机械连接型式和各种平面受载情况的内力计算和分析。     

弹性抗滑桩锚固段内力计算的反力荷载法

传统的抗滑桩锚固段内力计算是将锚固段视为Winkler弹性地基梁,以幂级数解法为基础,采用地基系数“m”法或“K”法,通过查表得到桩身内力,计算过程较为繁琐,且受表中各系数的截断误差的影响,常使内力计算结果存在一些偏差。以地基系数“m(K)”法的有限差分法是一种较为理想的方法,但需通过迭代计算,且分段数较多。本文基于地基系数“m(K)”法推导了抗滑桩锚固段内力计算的反力荷载法计算公式,提出了计算精度控制方法;较之于有限差分法,本文方法无需迭代计算,具有分段数少的特点;编写了全桩内力计算和图形处理程序;计算实例表明,与传统方法相比,可有效提高抗滑桩内力分析效率和计算精度,有利于抗滑桩结构的优化设计。     

实现有限元并行分布计算的一种新策略

在几种典型的计算网络上，给出了实现有限元并行分布计算的一种全新策略。它对子结构的划分方式没有任何限制，使结构划分方式对通讯不产生任何影响，并利用所谓的Σ通讯完成有关迭代计算。这种策略广泛适用于多项式加速法的并行分布迭代计算，使有限元并行分布计算的算法及程序与具体的计算网络有很好的分离性，同时也很大程度地保留了已有串行有限元算法及程序的优点。以预处理的共轭斜量法为例，在ＩｎｍｏｓＴ８００Ｔｒａｎｓｐｕｔｅｒ系统上实现了有限元并行分布计算。通过数值算例，验证了本文方法的可行性与有效性。     

基于累积荷载效应分析刚架结构极限承载力

传统极限承载力分析的塑性铰法(PHM)及其修正格式(mPHM)没有考虑加载历史累积荷载效应对刚架失效的影响,不能正确处理内力反向问题,由此导致刚架结构极限承载力和失效模式分析结果出现错误。为此,首先研究了前序失效阶段累积荷载效应的影响,据此分析结构迭代计算中相邻迭代步出现内力反向时PHM和mPHM发生错误的原因;然后通过合理修改构件截面强度,以反映结构强度损伤演化规律,据此计算刚架结构极限承载力,并识别结构潜在失效模式,提出了刚架结构的失效判据,建立了刚架结构分析的改进塑性铰法(iPHM);最后,进一步通过iPHM与PHM、mPHM、弹塑性增量加载法对比分析,验证了iPHM的适用性、计算精度和效率。     

混凝土框架结构内力测量传感器研制

研制了一种可用于混凝土结构试验中测量柱底截面轴向力、剪力和弯矩的内力测量传感器。该传感器主要由加载板、基座、4根竖向测力杆和2根水平测力杆组成。使用时,柱底截面的内力通过加载板传递给6根测力杆,根据6根测力杆的结果,通过力平衡方程可以计算实际加载的轴向力、剪力和弯矩的大小。对该传感器进行了4种工况下的标定试验。结果表明,传感器的测量误差满足框架结构内力测量精度要求。将该传感器应用到单层两跨的钢筋混凝土框架推覆试验中,获得了整个试验过程中构件的内力时程。     

基于多介质、多尺度离散元方法的冰载荷数值冰水池

极地船舶与海洋工程结构冰载荷的确定是其结构抗冰设计、冰区安全运行和结构完整性管理的重要研究内容. 当前快速发展的高性能计算技术和多介质、多尺度数值方法为准确、高效地计算结构冰载荷提供了有效的途径, 其中以离散元方法为代表的数值方法取得了出色的研究成果. 为此, 本文针对目前极地船舶与海洋工程结构对冰载荷及力学响应的工程需求, 同时考虑国内外对海冰、工程结构与流体相互耦合的多介质、多尺度数值方法研究现状, 对极地船舶与海洋工程数值冰水池的概念、框架、开发技术以及基于离散元方法的软件实现与工程应用进行了论述. 数值冰水池在船舶与海洋工程结构冰载荷确定方面具有可靠性、经济性、快速性、扩展性和情景化等显著优势. 本文工作借鉴数值水池的研究思路, 以典型船舶和海洋平台结构冰载荷及结构力学响应的离散元计算为例, 探讨了数值冰水池研究的可行性和工程应用前景, 阐述其与理论分析、现场测量和模型试验研究相结合的必要性. 以上研究有益于中国在极地船舶与海洋工程领域形成具有独立知识产权的数值计算分析平台, 对中国极地海洋强国的战略实施具有很好的启发和指导意义.      

A bending-to-stretching analysis of the blister test in the presence of tensile residual stress

The adhesion of films and coatings to rigid substrates is often measured using blister geometries, which are loaded either by an applied pressure or a central shaft. The measurement will be affected if there are residual stresses that make a contribution to the energy release rate. This effect is investigated using analytical solutions based on the principle of virtual displacements. A geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis is conducted for comparison. Furthermore, the relationships among strain energy release rate, load, deflection, and fracture radius are discussed in detail. Both analytical solutions and numerical results reveal that uniform tensile residual stresses reduce a specimen’s deflection if it experiences plate behavior under small loads. However, this effect becomes negligible when membrane stresses induced by the loading become dominant.     

Full-Field Thermoelastic Stress Analysis of a Finite Structure Containing an Irregularly-Shaped Hole

An assessment of the structural integrity of members containing irregularly-shaped cutouts necessitates knowing the associated stresses. Stress analysis of such structures can be challenging as theoretical solutions are seldom available for finite geometries having non-simple shaped discontinuities and, like numerical methods, they require accurate knowledge of external loads. The latter are often unavailable in practice. This paper describes the ability to process load induced temperature information with an Airy stress function in real polar coordinates to determine the stresses in an isotropic linear elastic finite tensile plate containing an irregularly-shaped hole. Using polar coordinates is significant in that while a relatively simple general solution to the governing biharmonic equation is available in polar coordinates, this is seemingly not so with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Compared with displacement-based experimental or finite element techniques, important advantages of the present technique include not having to differentiate recorded data, or know constitutive properties or external loads.     

黏弹性结构蠕变屈曲特性的分析

分析了线黏弹性正交铺设层合板的蠕变失稳问题，由相空间的特征方程解出临界载荷，经Laplace数值反演得到屈曲载荷与时间的关系；然后，通过建立扰动模型和分析变形的有界与无界增长，讨论了黏弹性结构延迟失稳的特性，解释了临界载荷与失稳时间的具体含义．     

多圆荷载下刚性道面变形和应力的计算

本文建立多圆荷载作用下弹性半空间体上薄板的挠度与应力的计算式。荷载数量及分布任意,每个圆荷载密度与轮迹半径彼此相异。对计算式中的反常积分及级数的收敛性予以证明。对含振荡函数反常积分建议一种方便的算法。     

热结构稳态响应的耦合灵敏度分析方法

研究结构稳态热变形和热应力的灵敏度分析方法，给出了直接法和伴随法两种算法。考虑了温度场的耦合作用，在直接法中需要计算温度场对设计变量的导数，在伴随法中需要计算热载荷对温度场的导数。对尺寸和形状两类设计变量的灵敏度分析算例，验证了本文方法的精度。伴随法在应用程序中的实现，为大型结构优化提供了高效率的灵敏度计算方法。     

Interface Forces in Laterally Impacted Steel Tubes

In engineering mechanisms, solid bodies frequently come to a contact with a variety of geometric and kinematic situations. There has been a trend to express the interaction of the contacted bodies in the form of equivalent interface forces. The interface force represents the level of load transferred from one body to another. In a static or quasi-static contact problem, the interface forces could be sensibly evaluated by integrating the normal and the shear stresses over the common interfaces. In a dynamic contact, the interface stresses and subsequently the interface forces happen to be more complicated. They are, furthermore, affected by other parameters such as inertia forces, stress waves propagation, the material strain rate dependency and damping. This paper reports interface forces recorded in a series of experimental impact tests on axially pre-compressed steel tubes along with those from the numerical simulations of the tests. To monitor the so called impact loads, two small steel rings as load cells have been built in the striker. Based on the experimental and numerical results, the concept of equivalent interface forces in the impacted tubes has been verified. It has been highlighted that the interface forces (or the impact loads) may vary on the striker or the specimen themselves, depending on the measuring locations. Effects of axial compressions on the interface forces picked up by the striker load cells, impact loads imparted to the specimen supports and on the impact duration have been discussed. It has been reported that the initial compression applied to the tubes does not remain constant during and after the impact event. The amount of variations also depends on the initial level of the tube compression.     

Measurement of Torsionally Induced Shear Stresses in Shrink-Fit Assemblies

Shear stresses along the shaft/hub interface in shrink-fit components, generated by torsional loads, can drive premature failure through fretting mechanisms. It is difficult to numerically predict these shear stresses, and the associated circumferential slip along the shaft/hub interface, due to uncertainties in frictional behaviour and the presence of steep stress gradients which can cause meshing problems. This paper attempts to provide validation of a numerical modelling methodology, based on finite element analysis, so the procedure may be used with confidence in fitness-for-purpose cases. Very few experimental techniques offer the potential to make measurements of stress and residual stress interior to metallic components. Even fewer techniques provide the possibility of measuring shear stresses. This paper reports the results of neutron diffraction measurements of shear stress and residual shear stress in a bespoke test specimen containing a shrink-fit. One set of measurements was made with a torsional load ‘locked-in’. A second set of measurements was made to determine the residual shear stress when the torsional load had been applied and removed. Overall, measurement results were consistent with numerical models, but the necessity for a small test specimen to allow penetration of the neutron beam to the measurement locations meant the magnitude of shear stresses was at the limits of what could be measured experimentally.     

A model for the through-thickness elastic–plastic behaviour of paper

An elastic–plastic material model for the out-of-plane mechanical behaviour of paper is presented. This model enables simulation the elastic–plastic behaviour under high compressive loads in the through-thickness direction (ZD). Paper does not exhibit a sharp transition from elastic to elastic–plastic behaviour. This makes it advantageous to define critical stress states based on failure stresses rather than yield stresses. Moreover, the failure stress in out-of-plane shear is strongly affected by previous plastic through-thickness compression. To cover these two features, a model based on the idea of a bounding surface that grows in size with plastic compression is proposed. Here, both the bounding and the yield surfaces are suggested as parabolas in stress space. While the bounding surface is open for compressive loads, the yield surface is bordered by the maximum applied through-thickness compression.     

Micromechanics-based model for cement-treated clays

Cementation is produced by mixing a certain amount of cement with the saturated clay. The purpose of this paper is to model the cementation effect on the mechanical behavior of cement-treated clay. A micromechanical stress-strain model is developed considering explicitly the cementation at inter-cluster contacts. The inter-cluster bonding and debonding during mechanical loading are introduced in two ways: an additional cohesion in the shear sliding and a higher yield stress in normal compression. The model is used to simulate isotropic compression and undrained triaxial tests under various confining stresses on cement-treated Singapore clay with various cement contents. The applicability of the present model is evaluated through comparisons between numerical and experimental results. The evolution of local stresses and local strains in inter-cluster planes is discussed in order to explain the induced anisotropy due to debonding at contact level under the applied loads.