遗传算法在冲击隔振中的应用研究

借助泰勒级数给出了钢丝绳隔振器的一阶近似非线性数学模型, 选用遗传算法对系统固有频 率进行二进制编码; 然后建立了相应的冲击仿真模型, 并对冲击载荷作用下装有钢丝绳隔振 器的移动硬盘进行仿真实验. 理论分析与仿真结果表明, 采用遗传算法的仿真模型能够适应 脉冲宽度的多变性, 克服隔振效果与最大允许变形之间的矛盾, 良好地反演出钢丝绳隔振系 统的固有频率.     

爆炸试验室基础隔振系统设计与应用

针对某爆炸试验室的基础隔振系统的改造，首先提出了一种由钢丝绳和碟形弹簧组合而成的新型隔振器，给出了相应的基础隔振方案，并对组合隔振器进行了试验研究。然后，采用两自由度、有阻尼计算模型对隔振系统的动力反应进行非线性分析，研究了隔振层刚度和阻尼对隔振系统动力反应的影响，优化选择了隔振系统的有关参数。研究结果表明,当隔振层刚度约为110 kN/mm，阻尼比为0.20~0.35时，隔振层动荷载接近最小，且其他动力反应满足设计要求。改造后的爆炸实验室的抗冲击能力比改造前提高了50％。     

无人机捷联惯组隔振系统动力学分析与优化设计

针对捷联惯组在无人机中的特殊安装环境,提出了一种在偏移安装环境中实现三轴向等刚度与准解耦隔振系统的设计方法。首先建立了隔振系统的六自由度动力学模型及其动力学方程,对隔振系统进行动力学分析。分析结果表明:当隔振器的轴径刚度比为0.8左右且阻尼比大于0.125时系统可以实现设计要求。最后,设计并制造隔振系统,分别在振动台上以及无人机飞行环境中对其进行试验验证。试验结果与理论计算相吻合:隔振系统有效地削弱了偏移安装环境带来的捷联惯组振动问题,可以实现三轴向等刚度设计与准解耦状态。     

钢丝绳隔振器的非线性动力学模型

基于非线性钢丝绳隔振器的静态力学特性,引入了频率软化系数,建立了非线性动力学隔振模型.基于该模型研究了钢丝绳隔振器对冲击激励与随机激励的动态响应,对结果进行了讨论.理论分析与数值模拟表明:引入频率软化系数的隔振模型比传统的线性动力学模型具有更好的隔振效果,更加符合实际情况.     

离心机振动台复合环境实验系统的隔振研究

离心 振动复合环境实验系统由振动台安装在离心机机臂上构成 ,离心机提供线加速度环境 ,振动台提供振动环境 ,在振动台与离心机臂之间容易产生耦合 ,影响复合环境的实现。本文考虑将振动台垂臂安装于离心机臂上 ,根据模态试验结果 ,将离心机臂简化为单自由度系统 ,建立了振动台系统数学模型 ,分析了振动台与离心机机臂间的连接刚度和连接阻尼对隔振的影响 ,并设计了减振器 ,分析表明具有较好的隔振效果     

新型轻质阻尼基座设计与隔振性能研究

为了减少船体振动与辐射噪声,采用声子玻璃和弧形衔接结构设计了一种新型轻质阻尼基座。然后用加速度振级落差表征其隔振性能,开展了水泵电机激励下的基座隔振性能试验研究,结果表明阻尼基座在20～10 000 Hz的频率范围具有显著的隔振效果,相较于同尺寸钢制基座,其振动落差总级可达12.93 dB。研究结果充分验证了本文设计的轻质阻尼基座具备高强度、高阻尼、宽频隔振的特点,在舰船机械设备等减振降噪领域具有广泛的潜在应用价值。     

电子器件隔振系统的神经网络杂交建模研究

对一个由四个钢丝绳隔振器组成的某电子器件隔振系统动力学特性进行了神经网络杂交建模.建立了隔振系统的刚体动力学方程,发展了一种根据实验数据间接确定隔振器恢复力的方法.通过网络训练获得了描述钢丝绳隔振器恢复力特性的神经网络模型,与系统运动方程结合构建了隔振系统的神经网络串连杂交模型.仿真结果表明,杂交模型在不同量级的简谐激励下,均能够较为准确地预测结构多点的稳态响应,因而具有较高的精度.此外,杂交模型包含了系统的物理参数,便于进行参数影响分析.     

一种直升机机载跟瞄系统被动隔振平台设计

隔振平台连接直升机机体与光电跟瞄吊舱，对机载跟瞄系统的跟瞄精度至关重要。采用多个笼形隔振器并联，设计了一种直升机机载跟瞄系统的被动隔振平台。由欧拉变换描述隔振平台的空间姿态，基于Lagrange方法建立隔振平台的动力学模型，获得了不同激振频率下隔振平台的振动传递率。利用ANSYS动力学仿真验证了隔振平台理论模型的正确性，校核了大过载情况下隔振平台的冗余保护能力。通过实际飞行测试，检验了隔振平台的隔振效果。     

基于混杂双稳定层合板的准零刚度隔振装置

准零刚度隔振装置(quasi-zero stiffness,QZS)在其平衡位置处的刚度接近于零,能够有效地隔离加速度幅值较低的微振动.因此,准零刚度隔振装置在卫星等航天器结构的微振动抑制领域有较好的应用前景.准零刚度隔振装置通常由正刚度部件及负刚度部件并联而成.在众多准零刚度隔振装置概念中,负刚度部件通常需要多个弹性部件及特定约束边界形成负刚度特性,导致准零刚度隔振装置的整体质量及体积相对较大.然而,航天器结构对隔振装置的质量特性及安装空间提出较高要求,因此需开发新型准零刚度隔振装置,降低隔振装置的质量及体积以满足航天器结构的使用要求.本文提出了一种基于混杂双稳定复合材料层合板的准零刚度隔振装置.通过利用混杂双稳定复合材料层合板自身的负刚度特性,降低了准零刚度隔振装置的结构复杂程度.本文对提出的准零刚度隔振装置的力学原理进行说明,对其隔振效果进行了仿真分析,并进行了隔振效果验证试验.隔振试验表明,准零刚度隔振装置的振动传递率曲线不再具有峰值,其实际振动传递率低于具有相同正刚度的线性隔振系统.基于试验及仿真分析结果,本文对隔振装置隔振性能的影响因素进行了分析讨论.分析结果显示,隔震装置中线性弹簧刚度与双稳定层合板负刚度之间的差异以及微小装配误差将导致隔振装置的隔振效果出现降低.      

基于混杂双稳定层合板的准零刚度隔振装置

准零刚度隔振装置(quasi-zero stiffness,QZS)在其平衡位置处的刚度接近于零,能够有效地隔离加速度幅值较低的微振动.因此,准零刚度隔振装置在卫星等航天器结构的微振动抑制领域有较好的应用前景.准零刚度隔振装置通常由正刚度部件及负刚度部件并联而成.在众多准零刚度隔振装置概念中,负刚度部件通常需要多个弹性部件及特定约束边界形成负刚度特性,导致准零刚度隔振装置的整体质量及体积相对较大.然而,航天器结构对隔振装置的质量特性及安装空间提出较高要求,因此需开发新型准零刚度隔振装置,降低隔振装置的质量及体积以满足航天器结构的使用要求.本文提出了一种基于混杂双稳定复合材料层合板的准零刚度隔振装置.通过利用混杂双稳定复合材料层合板自身的负刚度特性,降低了准零刚度隔振装置的结构复杂程度.本文对提出的准零刚度隔振装置的力学原理进行说明,对其隔振效果进行了仿真分析,并进行了隔振效果验证试验.隔振试验表明,准零刚度隔振装置的振动传递率曲线不再具有峰值,其实际振动传递率低于具有相同正刚度的线性隔振系统.基于试验及仿真分析结果,本文对隔振装置隔振性能的影响因素进行了分析讨论.分析结果显示,隔震装置中线性弹簧刚度与双稳定层合板负刚度之间的差异以及微小装配误差将导致隔振装置的隔振效果出现降低.     

Static lateral stiffness of wire rope isolators

This paper presents an analytical model for the static lateral stiffness of Wire Rope Isolators (WRI). The wire rope isolator, which is a passive isolation device, has been widely adopted as a shock and vibration isolation for many types of equipment and lightweight structures. The major advantage of the WRI is its ability to provide isolation in all three planes and in any orientation. The WRI in the lateral roll mode, is required to possess the required lateral stiffness to support and isolate the equipment effectively. The static lateral stiffness of WRI depends mainly on the geometrical characteristics and wire rope properties. The model developed in this paper is validated experimentally using a series of monotonic loading tests. The flexural rigidity of the wire ropes, which is required in the model, was determined from the transverse bending test on several wire rope cables. It was observed that the lateral stiffness is significantly influenced by the wire rope diameter and height of the isolator. The proposed analytical model can be used for the evaluation of lateral stiffness and in the preliminary design of the WRI.     

Vibration isolation performance evaluation of the discrete whole-spacecraft vibration isolation platform for flexible spacecrafts

The method for evaluating the vibration isolation performance of discrete whole-spacecraft vibration isolation of flexible spacecrafts is studied in the paper. The dynamic model of the discrete whole-spacecraft system is built and model reduction is proposed. The analysis of vibration isolation method of vibration transmissibility from the isolator to satellite is discussed. Then, the evaluation method is studied from the perspective of simulation and experiment, and the results show the correctness of the theoretical analysis. The power flow evaluation method of discrete whole-spacecraft of the flexible spacecraft is introduced. By studying the power flow of the vibration isolation, we find that this method supplements inadequacies of the vibration transmissibility. At last, it is proposed that the vibration isolation performance should be evaluated by combining the vibration transmissibility at some key points of the satellite and the power flow of the vibration isolator.     

一种准零刚度系统隔振性能的几何参数优化分析

提出了一种采用菱形连杆组件作为负刚度机构的准零刚度隔振器(下文简称菱形准零刚度隔振器)。通过静力学分析方法,建立了菱形准零刚度隔振器数学模型,并与其他调节变量较少的隔振器模型进行了对比;以被测量曲线在隔振器平衡位置处的曲率作为评价参数,研究了负刚度机构几何参数对系统刚度、阻尼非线性的影响,推导了利用几何参数进行隔振优化的条件;采用谐波平衡法求解系统动力学方程,对隔振器在不同几何参数下的隔振性能进行了分析。结果表明:菱形准零刚度隔振器具有体积相对较小且非线性调节能力较好的特点,可通过调节杆长,或满足相关临界值条件时调节杆长偏差量(下文简称杆长差)对刚度及阻尼非线性特征进行优化;刚度与阻尼的非线性优化方向不同,但通常情况下,刚度非线性因素对隔振优化起主导作用;归一化振动相对位移小于0.1时,由刚度曲线曲率得到的临界值可以较好地作为杆长差参数的隔振优化调节依据。本文提出的非线性评价方法与几何非线性优化临界值计算方法,对于类似隔振器研究和设计具有一定的指导意义。     

引力波探测中的被动隔振系统

介绍了引力波探测实验中的被动隔振系统的基本原理和研究现状,讨论其性能及特点.低频被动隔振系统,如七级气体弹簧隔振系统,多级隔振堆,四级悬臂弹簧隔振系统以及三级弯曲弹簧隔振系统在10Hz以上,都具有好的隔振性能;倒摆、折叠摆、 X摆和锥摆等超低频水平隔振系统实现了几十秒的共振周期;建立在对称扭杆弹簧系统基础上,构思新颖的被动垂直隔振系统克服了传统被动垂直隔振系统无法解决的困难,实现了超低频被动垂直隔振.      

Passive and active vibration isolation under isolator-structure interaction: application to vertical excitations

This work studies the influence of a vibration isolator on the response of a flexible base structure. Two strategies are compared: passive and active vibration isolation (PVI, AVI). Although the multiple advantages of AVI over PVI techniques are well known, their effect in the base structure has not to date been compared. This interaction has an important role in the performance of the general control system, especially when the vibration isolation system is not the only system on the base structure or when there are multiple isolators working simultaneously on it. In addition, the structural serviceability of the base structure can also be affected. The analysis of the vibration isolation problem is made from a wide perspective, including the effect that isolator has on the base structure. Hence assuming the base structure is a non-rigid system. The effect of the isolation system on the base response is studied for an extensive range of base structures, thus showing different possible scenarios. The influence is quantified by comparing the peak magnitude response of the base when both passive and active vibration isolation techniques are used. The theoretical results have been corroborated by undertaking experimental tests on a full-scale laboratory structure.

     

磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置中的磁机耦合效应研究

磁致伸缩材料和柔顺位移放大机构组成的主动驱动装置具有精度高、驱动力大等特点.将其与被动隔振装置并联,形成主被动隔振装置,可以弥补纯被动隔振在低频和微幅扰动工况下的不足.本文针对这类磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置进行磁机耦合效应研究.基于Jiles-Atherton模型,分析了磁致伸缩材料所受应力对有效磁场、磁化强度、磁致伸缩系数和材料杨氏模量的影响,表征了材料磁机耦合效应.在此基础上,建立了主被动隔振装置的动力学模型,分析了主动驱动装置与被动隔振装置间的耦合作用.在耦合作用影响下,若被动隔振装置刚度不同,即使输入磁场相同,驱动器产生的驱动位移和驱动力也不相同.磁致伸缩材料的变刚度效应使隔振装置整体等效刚度不再为定值,从而影响被动隔振效果.本文提出了通过柔顺机构参数设计减小前述两种耦合影响的方法.数值仿真结果表明,磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置在低于、接近和高于谐振频率三类扰动下,都能达到比被动隔振更好的振动抑制效果.此外,仿真结果验证了考虑磁机耦合效应的数值模型具有更高精度.      

Cascaded quasi-zero stiffness nonlinear low-frequency vibration isolator inspired by human spine

Human motion induced vibration has very low frequency, ranging from 2 Hz to 5 Hz. Traditional vibration isolators are not effective in low-frequency regions due to the trade-off between the low natural frequency and the high load capacity. In this paper, inspired by the human spine, we propose a novel bionic human spine inspired quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator which consists of a cascaded multi-stage negative stiffness structure. The force and stiffness characteristics are investigated first, the dynamic model is established by Newton’s second law, and the isolation performance is analyzed by the harmonic balance method (HBM). Numerical results show that the bionic isolator can obtain better low-frequency isolation performance by increasing the number of negative structure stages, and reducing the damping values and external force values can obtain better low-frequency isolation performance. In comparison with the linear structure and existing traditional QZS isolator, the bionic spine isolator has better vibration isolation performance in low-frequency regions. It paves the way for the design of bionic ultra-low-frequency isolators and shows potential in many engineering applications.

     

A quasi-zero-stiffness isolator with a shear-thinning viscous damper

Quasi-zero-stiffness(QZS) vibration isolators have been widely studied,because they show excellent high static and low dynamic stiffnesses and can effectively solve low-frequency and ultralow-frequency vibration. However, traditional QZS(T-QZS)vibration isolators usually adopt linear damping, owing to which achieving good isolation performance at both low and high frequencies is difficult. T-QZS isolators exhibit hardening stiffness characteristics, and their vibration isolation performance is e...