拉断后射流对钢靶的随机侵彻

聚能破甲弹的金属射流断裂后发生径向随机发散,导致破甲深度显著下降。本文分析了径向随机发散的规律,得出描述拉断后射流对钢靶随机侵彻深度的一阶非线性常微分方程,并给出了大炸高条件下的简化解。     

爆炸焊接界面碰撞压力的计算

本文通过数学推导给出爆炸焊接时相对于碰撞点的来流速度与材料压缩率之间的关系,介绍了任意材料组合在对称碰撞和非对称碰撞时按可压缩流体计算驻点压力的方法,并同习惯采用的按不可压缩流体计算驻点压力及按等效正碰撞计算的激波压力进行比较。发现在对称碰撞时,按不可压缩流体计算的驻点压力比按可压缩流体计算的驻点压力为小。而在非对称碰撞时,按准对称碰撞不可压缩流体计算的驻点压力则大于按非对称碰撞可压缩流体计算的驻点压力。 文章还讨论了爆炸焊接下限应按等效正碰撞来计算压力的最小值。而在正常的可焊范围内,由于再入射流的存在将使正碰撞的激波压力计算值失真,加上碰撞点附近压力分布不均匀,应以驻点压力来表征其碰撞压力。但计算这个压力时不可忽略材料的实际可压缩性,尤其是在非对称碰撞情况下更不能忽略。     

聚能射流水中侵彻行为的实验研究

对三种不同药型罩形成的射流在水中的侵彻行为进行了实验研究,采用电铜箔测速法及高速摄影法分别获取了聚能射流在水中的行进过程及图像。实验结果表明,水体的边界效应及聚能射流在水中的开坑行为对电铜箔的测量结果影响很大,且聚能射流的准定常侵彻行为在平均速度的变化上表现明显,在准定常侵彻阶段,聚能射流的速度可近似为线性递减,且药型罩构型对射流速度的衰减率影响较大,药型罩材料的影响较小。光测结果给出了聚能射流在水中的运动图像,且据此计算出的射流速度与电测结果吻合较好。     

大气/钢靶板交界处对平行入射聚能射流干扰的数值模拟

利用非线性动力学软件LS-DYNA,对聚能射流平行入射大气/钢靶板交界处的侵彻过程进行了数值模拟.通过分析数值模拟过程和结果,讨论了聚能射流头部速度和碰撞出口处横向速度的变化规律.结果表明:大气/钢靶板交界处不仅降低了聚能射流头部的轴向速度,而且使射流头部产生横向偏移,最大速度达到约1.8 km/s;后续射流横向偏移速...     

可压缩流场中气泡脉动数值模拟

在应用边界元方法对气泡动力学的研究中, 绝大多数模型是建立在不压缩势流理论基础之上, 针对可压缩流场中气泡运动特性的研究很少. 从波动方程出发, 分别在气泡运动前期和后期对波动方程进行简化, 得到气泡运动局部和全局简化方程, 采用双渐进方法对简化方程进行匹配, 提出了考虑流场可压缩性的非球状气泡运动模型. 该模型的计算结果与Prospertti 等的解析结果吻合很好, 气泡脉动最大半径和内部最大压力随气泡脉动逐渐减小. 基于该模型对比了自由场中药包爆炸考虑可压缩性与不考虑可压缩性的计算结果, 发现考虑可压缩性气泡射流速度较小, 随后基于该模型计算了刚性边界下气泡的运动特性.     

药型罩锥角对射孔枪射流冲击过程的影响

采用ALE方法对射孔弹射流形成的过程及聚能射流对混凝土靶板的侵彻进行了数值模拟,对比了锥形药型罩的不同锥角对聚能射流形成和侵彻的影响.研究结果表明药型罩的锥角大小对聚能射流的速度和形状、射流头部和杵体的质量、侵彻的宽度和深度有着明显显著的影响.小锥角射流头部比重较小且杵体速度未达到侵彻临界值而无法起到很好的侵彻效果,大...     

聚能射流侵彻过程模型律

聚能射流装置有许多实际用途。但设计一种新型装置,需要做大量的试验,目前多以1:1的实物进行.实物试验方法周期长,消耗大,因此需要进行射流侵彻模型律的研究。试验结果表明,射流侵彻过程是可以几何模拟的。本文首先讨论了射流形成和侵彻过程的相似参数问题,从而提出聚能射流侵彻模型律的基本形式。然后讨论了一个称为几何相似律的有用的特殊情况。叙述了对几何相似律进行的试验验证。为了便于掌握模拟试验方法,最后在第四节几何相似律的应用中,以尽量简明易懂的形式介绍了几何相似律及其使用方法。     

三锥S形聚能装药及其射流的性能分析

简介了一种新设计的三维S形聚能装药,并用MFD程序及多虚拟原点侵彻理论数值和解析地分析了射流的特性及侵彻能力。文中还给出了这种装药与单、双锥罩聚能装药的对比、理论预估与实验结果的对比。     

聚能射流的断裂时间

从描述聚能射流失稳的一维近似方程出发，导出了聚能射流断裂时间的近似公式。这个近似公式定量显示了屈服应力、本构关系、粘度和径向收缩效应等对射流断裂时间的影响，在４个不同的特殊近似下，可以自然演化为近１０年来所发表的几个半经验解析公式，并且在合理的参数范围内，公式给出的断裂时间曲线覆盖了射流断裂时间的全部实验点。     

夹层聚能装药作用过程的数值模拟

基于凝聚炸药冲击起爆的Lee-Tarver模型,利用AUTODYN有限元计算软件对夹层聚能装药作用过程进行了数值模拟。分别对夹层聚能装药爆轰波形传播过程及其特性参数进行了数值计算,对典型聚能装药采用单一结构装药、夹层装药的射流成型过程进行了数值研究,最后对不同爆速炸药匹配关系的夹层聚能装药射流参数进行了计算分析。计算结果表明,相对于单一结构装药,夹层装药射流头部速度提高了20%,夹层聚能装药能有效提高聚能金属射流头部速度、提高侵彻深度、增加炸药装药的作功能力。     

Interaction of a shaped-charge jet with a target possessing an axial orifice

Interaction of a shaped-charge jet with a target possessing an axial orifice is studied experimentally. For an orifice diameter approximately equal to 0.2D, where D is the shaped-charge diameter, the shaped-charge penetration depth is found to be substantially reduced owing to deviation of the shaped-charge jet axis from the shaped charge axis because of imperfections of the manufacturing technology. A diameter of the target orifice providing unconstrained penetration of the shaped-charge jet is determined. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 13–16, November–December, 2008.     

陶瓷靶抗射流侵彻的理论模型及数值模拟

以球型空腔膨胀理论为基础,提出了一个计算陶瓷靶板阻力的损伤模型,该模型考虑了损伤因子对陶瓷靶板弹道性能的影响.结合不可压缩流体力学理论,对射流侵彻陶瓷靶板的侵彻速度进行了理论值计算,并与未考虑损伤的侵彻速度进行了比较,该模型的计算结果更接近实验结果.建立了射流侵彻陶瓷靶板的数值计算模型,对铜射流侵彻陶瓷靶的动态破坏过程进行了研究,讨论了药型罩的锥角、壁厚对射流侵彻结果的影响,结果表明:相同锥角的药型罩,壁厚对陶瓷靶板孔径的影响较小;同壁厚的药型罩,随着锥角的增大,侵彻孔径增大.侵彻速度的数值模拟结果与理论结果进行了比较,得到了较好的一致性.     

Rebounding of a shaped-charge jet

The phenomenon of rebounding of a shaped-charge jet from the armour surface with small angles between the jet axis and the target surface is considered. Rebounding angles as a function of jet velocity are obtained in experiments for a copper shaped-charge jet. An engineering calculation technique is developed. The results calculated with the use of this technique are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 17–20, September–October, 2007.     

A simplified approximate model of compressible hypervelocity penetration

A simplified approximate model considering rod/target material’s compressibility is proposed for hypervelocity penetration. We study the effect of shockwaves on hypervelocity penetration whenever the compressibility of the rod is much larger, analogously, and much less than that of the target, respectively. The results show that the effect of shockwaves is insignificant up to 12 km/s, so the shockwave is neglected in the present approximate model. The Murnaghan equation of state is adopted to simulate the material behaviors in penetration and its validity is proved. The approximate model is finally reduced to an equation depending only on the penetration velocity and a simple approximate solution is achieved. The solution of the approximate model is in agreement with the result of the complete compressible model. In addition, the effect of shockwaves on hypervelocity penetration is shown to weaken material’s compressibility and reduce the interface pressure of the rod/target, and thus the striking/protective performance of the rod/target is weakened, respectively. We also conduct an error analysis of the interface pressure and penetration efficiency. With a velocity change of 1.6 times the initial sound speed for the rod or target, the error of the approximate model is very small. For metallic rod–target combinations, the approximate model is applicable even at an impact velocity of 12 km/s.     

Thermal softening of metallic shaped-charge jets formed by the collapse of shaped-charge liners in the presence of a magnetic field

This paper presents an analysis of the possibility of increasing the ultimate stretching and penetration capability of metallic shaped-charge jets in the presence of an axial magnetic field in the shaped-charge liner due to heating and thermal softening of the jet material as a result of a sharp increase in the magnetic-field induction in the jet formation region upon liner collapse. This process is studied by numerical simulation in a quasi-two-dimensional formulation taking into account the inertial stretching of the conductive rigid-plastic rod in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field in it.     

弹体侵彻厚混凝土靶迎弹面成坑效应

为研究弹体侵彻厚混凝土靶的迎弹面成坑效应，总结了侵彻实验中的成坑现象，分析了经验公式对成坑深度、成坑直径和成坑角等成坑效应的预测效果；考虑了撞击速度、靶板强度、配筋以及弹体直径和质量等因素的影响，采用量纲分析方法建立了新型成坑效应计算公式及成坑阶段耗能计算公式；基于新型成坑效应计算公式，对成坑效应的影响因素和成坑耗能进行了参数化分析。结果表明:无量纲成坑深度受靶板强度、配筋率和弹体质量的影响较大；对于钢筋混凝土，成坑深度随撞击速度提升呈先增大后减小再增大的变化规律；在常见的侵彻速度和质量范围内，成坑角为15°～24°，质量对成坑角影响较小；迎弹面成坑耗能占弹体总动能的10%～25%，且配筋率和靶板强度对成坑耗能比例的影响较小；弹体质量越小，成坑阶段耗能占比越大。新型成坑效应计算公式对成坑深度、直径和角度的计算结果与实验数据吻合较好，可为侵彻弹体设计和工程防护提供参考。     

Numerical analysis of critical jet penetration

In this paper, a computational program for two dimensional unsteady compressible, elastic-plastic flow is used to study low speed jet penetration into a steel target. Based on the computational results, the dynamic process of penetration can be distinguished into two stages, cratering and steady penetrating. This is in agreement with the jet penetration mechanism developed by Cheng Che Min in 1972^[1,2]. The consumption of the jet energy is discussed and the value of the critical jet velocity, which represents the strength resistance of the target, is estimated.     

Enhancement of turbulent heat transfer during interaction of an impinging axisymmetric mist jet with a target

The flow structure and heat transfer of a mist jet with a low mass concentration of droplets (within 1%) impinging onto a flat surface aligned normal to the jet are studied numerically. The mathematical model is based on solving a system of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for a two-phase flow with the kinetic equation of the probability density function for coordinates, velocity, and temperature of particles. Addition of droplets is demonstrated to enhance heat transfer substantially, as compared with an impinging single-phase air jet in the region directly adjacent to the stagnation point of the jet.     

超声速钝体逆向喷流减阻的数值模拟研究

为研究逆向喷流技术对超声速钝体减阻的影响,采用标准k-ε湍流模型,通过求解二维Navier-Stokes方程对超声速球头体逆向冷喷流流场进行了数值模拟,并着重分析了喷口总压、喷口尺寸对流场模态和减阻效果的影响。计算结果显示:随着喷流总压的变化,流场可出现两种流动模态,即长射流穿透模态和短射流穿透模态;喷流能使球头体受到的阻力明显减小;存在最大减阻临界喷流总压值(在所研究参数范围内最大减阻可达51.1%);在其它喷流物理参数不变时,随着喷口尺寸的增大,同一流动模态下的减阻效果下降。本文的研究对超声速钝体减阻技术在工程上的应用具有一定的参考价值。