一种大变形曲壳单元

本文用壳中面节点的位移矢量和节点处壳中面单位法线矢量的矢端位移矢量构造了一种大变形曲壳单元,它是大变形曲壳单元的一般形式,能包括已有的大变形曲壳单元,且公式最简单,计算中采用的载荷增量或位移增量可以很大。     

A new high-precision stress finite element for analysis of shell structures

A new high-precision finite element for analysis of shell structures is presented. It is derived from a slightly generalized equilibrium principle. Accordingly both stresses and displacements are obtained as primary result of analysis. At the assembly level the element has 45 degrees of freedom, all of them generalized displacements. For the price of some additional computational effort on the elemental level of analysis the proposed element is believed to gain certain advantages over the recently developed high-precision displacement elements. Thin as well as thick shell structures of arbitrary shape and loading can be equally analyzed. Engineering accuracy is attained with only very few elements. A variety of numerical examples demonstrates the applicability of the new element to all kinds of situations occuring in practice. A review of the existing high-precision shell elements is also included.     

Corotational nonlinear analyses of laminated shell structures using a 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element with drilling stiffness

A new 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element is developed for geometrically nonlinear analyses of thin and moderately thick laminated shell structures. The fiat shell element is constructed by combining a quadrilateral area co- ordinate method （QAC） based membrane element AGQ6- II, and a Timoshenko beam function （TBF） method based shear deformable plate bending element ARS-Q12. In order to model folded plates and connect with beam elements, the drilling stiffness is added to the element stiffness matrix based on the mixed variational principle. The transverse shear rigidity matrix, based on the first-order shear deformation theory （FSDT）, for the laminated composite plate is evaluated using the transverse equilibrium conditions, while the shear correction factors are not needed. The conventional TBF methods are also modified to efficiently calculate the element stiffness for laminate. The new shell element is extended to large deflection and post-buckling analyses of isotropic and laminated composite shells based on the element independent corotational formulation. Numerical re- sults show that the present shell element has an excellent numerical performance for the test examples, and is applicable to stiffened plates.     

三维退化的壳理论和假定应变的壳单元

本文将Reissner-Mindlin板理论推广到空间曲壳结构,可称为Reissner-Mindlin型壳理论。从这种理论出发,可直接导出C(0)连续的壳体单元,即考虑横向剪切变型的影向的壳体单元,这种单元在国外已被广泛地采用,为克服这种单元在应用中所出现的剪切和膜的锁制现象同时又防止出现任何零能模式,作者提出了一种采用假定应变的新的壳单元公式,并对这种单元进行了广泛的数值试验,结果表明这种单元具有较高的精度和良好的性能。     

金属结构航天器陨落过程三维瞬态传热有限元算法研究

构建金属桁架结构航天器陨落再入气动热环境有限元传热模型，是准确预测在轨服役期满大型航天器陨落再入解体过程温度分布的关键。本文采用四节点四面体单元对空间进行离散，依据泛函理论，将传热控制方程离散为代数方程组；利用有限单元法总体合成得到具有对称正定、高度稀疏和非0元素分布的规则性刚度矩阵，发展一维变带宽压缩存贮技术，有效解决大型稀疏矩阵的数据存贮问题；为有效抑制求解过程出现的温度在时间和空间上的振荡问题，发展集中热容矩阵系数处理方法，将热容矩阵的同行或同列元素相加代替对角线元素，使非对角线元素化为0，构造求解三维瞬态温度场的两点向后差分格式、Crank-Nicolson格式和Galerkin格式。通过对正方体瞬态传热计算验证分析，在相同条件下，采用以上三种格式均可获得一致稳定的温度解，并得到与现有ANSYS有限元软件较为吻合的计算结果，验证了所建立三维瞬态传热有限元计算模型的准确可靠性。在此基础上，对铝合金低轨航天器薄壳结构进行了传热计算，给出了类天宫飞行器两舱体陨落飞行107.5 km~90 km不同高度的瞬态温度分布，为这类寿命末期航天器陨落再入解体预报提供理论支撑与可计算模型。     

广义协调元在薄壳自由振动分析中的应用

本文采用２０个自由度的矩形平板型壳单元分析薄筒壳自由振动问题。在文献（１）的基础上，将广义协调元的应用范围扩大到了壳体分析中，目的是找出简单实用的方法分析板壳这类具有特殊性质的结构。该单元由平面应力单元和平板弯曲单元经简单叠加而成，是一种性能良好的单元。沿用常规作法非常便利，程序容易实现。经算例验证，该单元自由度少，精度较好，实用方便，适合于工程应用。     

基于混合变量的脱层壳屈曲分析

提出一种分析脱层圆柱壳稳定性问题的混合变量条形传递函数方法。首先基于一阶剪切理论，通过定义广义位移变量和对应的广义力变量，建立壳的改进的混合变量能量泛函；然后引入条形单元，对混合变量在环向进行离散，从而导出超级壳单元的混合变量能量泛函，由变分原理得到控制方程，采用传递函数方法得到其形式解；最后，将含环向贯穿脱层的复合材料层合壳作为超级壳单元的组合体，得到脱层壳的屈曲方程。给出了脱层大小和深度以及脱层壳边界条件对屈曲载荷的影响。     

带旋转自由度C^0类任意四边形板（壳）单元

基于Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ－Ｍｉｎｄｉｌｉｎ板弯曲理论和Ｖｏｎ－Ｋａｒｍａｎ大挠度理论,采用单元域内和边界位移插值一致性的概念,将四节点等参弯曲单元与Ａｌｌｍａｎ膜变形二次插值模式相结合,对层合板壳的大挠度分析提供了一种实用的带旋转自由度的四节点Ｃ＾０类板单元。大量算例表明：该单元对板壳结构的线性强度、稳定性和后屈曲分析都表现出良好的收敛性和足够的工程精度。     

含多个分层复合材料层合板后屈曲性态研究

基于Mindlin假定下的大变形板／壳理论，采用参考面单元和虚拟杆单元相结合的非线性有限元方法，建立了分析含多个穿透分层损伤层合板后屈曲行为的有限元计算模型，并给出了考虑接触后非线性屈曲方程的迭代算法，从而研究考虑层间接触效应的多分层层合板的后屈曲性态。文中着重讨论了分层的深度、数目和尺寸对含多分层合板后屈曲性态的影响。大量数值分析结果证明了该模型的有效性，并且得到了一些对层合板结构设计和对含分层损伤层合板评估有益的结论。     

A Quasilinear Based Procedure for Saturated/Unsaturated Water Movement in Soils

The quasilinear form of Richards equation for one-dimensional unsaturated flow in soils can be readily solved for a wide variety of conditions. However, it cannot explain saturated/unsaturated flow and the constant diffusivity assumption, used to linearise the transient quasilinear equation, can introduce significant error. This paper presents a quasi-analytical solution to transient saturated/unsaturated flow based on the quasilinear equation, with saturated flow explained by a transformed Darcy's equation. The procedure presented is based on the modified finite analytic method. With this approach, the problem domain is divided into elements, with the element equations being solutions to a constant coefficient form of the governing partial differential equation. While the element equations are based on a constant diffusivity assumption, transient diffusivity behaviour is incorporated by time stepping. Profile heterogeneity can be incorporated into the procedure by allowing flow properties to vary from element to element. Two procedures are presented for the temporal solution; a Laplace transform procedure and a finite difference scheme. An advantage of the Laplace transform procedure is the ability to incorporate transient boundary condition behaviour directly into the analytical solutions. The scheme is shown to work well for two different flow problems, for three soil types. The technique presented can yield results of high accuracy if the spatial discretisation is sufficient, or alternatively can produce approximate solutions with low computational overheads by using large sized elements. Error was shown to be stable, linearly related to element size.     

基于开放式结构有限元系统 SiPESC.FEMS平板壳单元研发

基于开放式结构有限元系统SiPESC.FEMS的单元计算模块的设计模式,研发设计一种通用的平板壳单元计算框架。考虑板壳单元的组合关系和程序编制过程中的重用性及灵活性等特点,采用了软件设计中的构造器(Builder)模式实现不同的组合单元。本框架具有很好的通用性和可扩展性,为有限元程序研发提供了一个新的方式;同时,系统能够处理复杂荷载和边界条件,并可灵活实现不同类型单元的组合分析。本文利用此方法构造五种平板壳单元,通过数值算例分析对比讨论其性能,为选取合适的平板壳单元类型进行结构数值分析提供参考。     

基于压电曲壳单元的结构振动最优控制

曲壳结构已广泛应用于航空航天、航海等领域,结构微小的振动会极大地影响部件性能,抑制曲壳结构的振动就很必要。提出了压电曲壳结构的振动最优控制模型,利用空间曲壳单元理论及多点约束方程实现曲壳基结构壳元和压电壳元的耦合,推导了压电曲壳结构动力学有限元方程,并结合线性二次型最优控制理论,实现了压电作动器对曲壳结构的振动最优控制。数值算例表明,对曲壳结构进行动力分析和振动控制时,在达到同样精度及控制效果的情况下,与平壳相比,曲壳单元及作动器所需数目要少得多。     

区间B样条小波薄壳截锥单元构造

利用区间B样条小波的尺度函数作为有限元插值函数,从轴对称壳的能量泛函出发,由变分原理导出了单元刚度矩阵和载荷列阵,构造了区间B样条小波薄壳截锥单元.区间B样条小波单元同时具有B样条函数数值逼近精度高和多种用于结构分析的变尺度基函数的特点.数值算例表明:与传统截锥单元相比,本文构造的小波单元具有求解精度高、单元数量和自由度少等优点.     

Natural Vibrations of a Cylindrical Shell Reinforced with Two-Layer Rings

The vibrations of a cylindrical shell reinforced with ring ribs attached to the shell by means of elastic elements are studied. The problem is solved by the finite-element method. The shell and ribs are modelled by a plane four-node finite element, which is a combination of a four-node plane stress element and a four-node flexural element. The effect of the stiffness of the elastic elements on the natural frequencies and modes is examined __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 105–110, August 2005.     

Two new triangular thin plate/shell elements based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, two three-node triangular thin plate/shell elements are proposed based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. As the gradient deficient element, the thin...     

Sandwich modeling with an application to the residual strength analysis of a damaged compression panel

Finite element models of sandwich structures are often based on classical sandwich theory which reduces the essentially three-dimensional composite — a combination of two high strength faces separated by a light weight core — to a two-dimensional, deformable reference surface to which certain appropriate stiffness properties against stretch, bending and transverse shear are attached.The simplification introduced in this way is well established, but it suffers from a number of drawbacks that restricts its range of applicability rather severely. The drawbacks concern among others, the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions that prohibit a realistic application of the loading along the edges. They also concern the inability of this model to study local effects such as buckling of the faces.In the present paper, we demonstrate how, with a relatively simple means, a sandwich model can be introduced that does not suffer from the deficiencies mentioned above. Moreover, this improved model provides the possibility to study the detrimental effect of delamination of the faces, and/or, decohesion zones between the core and faces, on the buckling strength of sandwich compression panels.The modification proposed here makes use of existing shell finite elements that are standard in many finite element codes. These shell elements are used to model the deformation of the faces of the sandwich, while the coupling between the two shell components is carried out by applying an appropriate penalty function that represents the deformation of the core.In this paper, we describe this model in some detail and solve an example problem involving the buckling of a sandwich plate with a partially debonded face plate.     

基于能量平衡原理的有限单元耦合方法

结构非线性数值计算分析应真实反映局部损伤破坏细节,以作为损伤演化全过程分析的依据。对同类构件,有限单元耦合方法可以解决破坏细节与整体模拟的空间尺度差异问题。基于能量平衡原理,建立了梁与实体单元、梁与壳单元以及壳与实体单元的耦合方程,适用于结构的损伤数值计算。对某RC框架结构原位推覆试验的损伤数值分析表明,有限单元耦合模型能正确反映整体结构的承载力和变形性能,并且能准确反映局部损伤破坏细节。     

New spatial curved beam and cylindrical shell elements of gradient-deficient Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation

Based on previous studies, a new spatial curved slender-beam finite element and a new cylindrical shell finite element are proposed in the frame of gradient-deficient Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF). The strain energy of the beam element is derived by using the definition of the Green?CLagrange strain tensor in continuum mechanics so that the assumption on small strain can be relaxed. By using the differential geometry and the continuum mechanics, the angle between two base vectors of a defined local coordinate frame of the cylindrical shell element is introduced into the strain energy formulations. Therefore, the new shell element can be used to model parallelogram shells. The analytical formulations of elastic forces and their Jacobian for the above two finite elements of gradient-deficient ANCF are also derived via the skills of tensor analysis. The generalized-alpha method is used to solve the huge set of system equations. Finally, four case studies including both static and dynamic problems are given to validate the proposed beam and cylindrical shell elements of gradient-deficient ANCF.     

基于拟应变法的壳单元大变形分析及在冲击动力问题中的应用

为了简便有效地解决板壳结构的大变形问题，本文针对八节点相对自由度壳单元进行研究。该单元的位移场由壳的中面节点位移和上表面节点的相对位移组成，不带有转动变量。所有的研究都是基于完全的三维位移、应力、应变场。采用拟应变法，对应变场另行假设，能够改善该单元在大变形情况下的计算精度。通过引入Wilson非协调模式，构造了大变形情况下的拟应变场表达式，给出了该单元用于解决非线性动力分析问题的有限元求解方程。通过算例表明，本文针对相对自由度壳单元提出的方法及推导的公式，能够解决冲击动力问题中的大变形问题。