三维电子散斑干涉法在检测残余应力中的应用

本文提出一种新的大错位三维电子散斑干涉法,并将其和钻 法检测残余应力技术结合起来,其特点一是利用三个激光器,从不同的方向照射被测物体,二是在被测物附近放置一参考物,利用大错位棱镜,使物体表面的信息和参考物上的信息都进及ＣＣＤ中,可以得到与三个位移场有关的电子散斑干涉条纹图,并可以运算和分离获得独立的ｕ,ｖ和ｗ场信息,本文介绍了大错位三维电子散斑干涉法的原理、方法和系统,并将其应用于钻孔法释放残余应     

错位散斑云纹法测量应变场

本文建议的错位散斑云纹法是在错位散斑干涉的基础上,通过在光路中附加虚位移的方法获得错位散斑干涉条纹的相减云纹图,从而扣除离面位移导数,获得单纯的面内位移导数场即应变场。典型实验证实这一方法可以有效地获取全场应变条纹图。     

散斑光弹性干涉法

全息干涉法和普通光弹性法相结合产生了全息光弹性法。与此类似,本文建议将散斑干涉法和光弹性相结合形成具有一定特点的散斑光弹干涉法。近十几年来,散斑干涉法得到了很快的发展,可以获得面内或离面位移,错位散斑干涉法则可获得位移梯度场。本文建议将光弹性透明模型置于双光束散斑干涉光路中,通过两次曝光法可以获得模型的应力条纹图案。但和全息光弹性法相比,只要选择合适的漫反射器,用散斑光弹干涉法可以获得不受等差线干扰的、单纯的等和线条纹图。同样的理由,也可以获得三维应力模型冻结切片的等和线条纹图。更有意义的是采用双光片散光穿透模型的散斑光弹性干涉法将有可能获得整体三维应力模型内部的绝对光程应力条纹图,这将为三维应力分析提供一种新的实验方法。     

数字散斑剪切干涉及偏转平台法相移系统研究

在传统的剪切电子散斑干涉中 ,直接观测到的是干涉条纹图样。因此 ,如何将位移导数场的定量信息从剪切电子散斑干涉条纹图案中提取出来 ,一直是人们关心的问题。本文运用传播光矢量对数字散斑剪切干涉的条纹形成作了理论解释 ,使其物理意义更加清晰。理论分析表明 ,物体的微小偏转可引入线性附加位相。因此 ,通过连续偏转物体可实现剪切电子散斑干涉的相移。本研究通过计算机控制载物平台的精细旋转实现相移 ,结合传统的数字散斑剪切干涉技术以及四步相移算法 ,实现了数字剪切散斑干涉相移系统。利用该系统进行了中心加载、周边固定的圆盘的典型实验 ,实验结果表明该系统可以方便有效地提取出位移导数场的定量信息。     

电子错位散斑干涉术用于无损检测的探讨

本文叙述应用电子错位散斑干涉仪于各种缺陷的无损检测的装置原理、各种加载方式的特点.文中详细探讨了缺陷检测定量分析的理论依据,提出了对各种不同材料缺陷检测的限制并进行了实验验证;提出了提高条纹清晰度的方法.从而解决了电子错位散斑干涉术在无损检测实际应用中的各项具体问题.     

电子散斑干涉法在平面小振幅振动测量中的应用

用电子散斑干涉方法进行振动测量，因实验过程和条纹处理简单，已有较多应用，但迄今尚无振动测量中所形成的散斑条纹的完整解释，容易混淆条纹中所蕴含的实际物理意义，本文详细讨论了散斑测振中各种相关条纹的形成，并给出了相应的实验验证。     

激光散斑复合错位干涉法

本文对利用光楔的激光散斑复合错位干涉法作了修正。分析了用等分直角错位光楔和等分60°错位光楔时,双曝光散斑图的频谱特性,提出用作图法确定频散晕的周界。建议在滤波时选用高通滤波以减小或消除散斑照相的噪声影响和增加信息。     

频域滤波及相移技术在ESPI中的应用

本文针对电子散斑条纹颗粒性强这一特点,采用频域同态滤波技术,对ESPI 条纹进行了滤波处理,实验表明,该方法对改善 ESPI 条纹质量非常有效.另外,本文还推出了一种自行设计的新型相移器,它结构简单,操作简便,并且稳定性好,可适用于各种光力学干涉光路.文章最后使用双光束电子散斑法,应用以上技术,对一个带方孔板的平面应力模型的面内位移进行了定量分析.     

电子错位散斑的实时时间差技术

本文提出了一种电子错位散斑干涉(ESSPI)的实时时间差技术,并从原理上进行了分析,说明该方法不仅可用于无损检洲,而且还能用于连续变形物体的离面位移及瞬态大变形问题的测试。文中给出了该技术用于无损检测方面的一些结果。     

用直接散斑技术测量复合材料试件的面内位移

直接散斑法用来测量带中心圆孔复合材料条状试件在拉伸载荷作用下的面内位移分布,采用镜面移植技术,提高复合材料试件表面的反射性能,从而得到高质量的散斑干涉干板,在分析散斑干涉干板时,由于得到的全场位移分布条纹频率的可调性,使此方法测量范围很宽,由弹性应变到塑性应变,直接散斑法测量的结果与云纹法得到的结果相符合。     

光栅大错位数字散斑干涉系统及其应用研究

本文用统计光学理论简要简述了大错位数字散斑干涉的原理及特点,并在此基础上首次提出利用光栅作为错位元件的光栅大错位数字散斑干涉。该方法具有与全息干涉计算相同的灵敏度,光路简单、结构紧凑,波像差小,防震要求低等特点,文中对该方程进行了详细的原理分析与介绍,利用其对典型试件受均布载荷下的离面位移场进行测量,通过理论值与实验结果的比较,表明该方法的可行性,该方法拓宽了散班干涉技术的适用范围,为实际生产中的     

Measurement of slopes of structural deflections by speckle-shearing interferometry

A specimen illuminated by coherent light is imaged by a camera through a shearing mechanism so that the speckle from one point on the surface can be made to interfere with the speckle from a neighboring point. The resultant speckle pattern is recorded. By mechanically interfering the recorded speckle pattern corresponding to deformed and undeformed states of the specimen, respectively, using double-exposure technique, a speckle-moiré-fringe pattern is generated. These fringes which depict derivatives of deflections of the specimen are made visible by spatial-filtering technique. Speckle-moiré fringes can also be obtained in real time. This method is a new interferometry and will be referred to as “speckle-shearing interferometry”. Speckle-shearing interferometry has the same function as Ligtenberg's technique. However, it does not have the sometimes inconvenient requirement of Ligtenberg's technique that the surface of the specimen must be of mirror quality. The new technique will be particularly useful in studies of flexural deformation such as flexed beams and plates. Although speckle-shearing interferometry is an interferometric method, it overcomes several of the limitations associated with holographic and speckle interferometries, namely: (1) the setup is simple and does not need laborious alignments of optical components, (2) it does not require stringent mechanical and ambient stabilities, (3) coherent requirement of light is greatly relaxed, and (4) the sensitivity is reduced that somehow fills the gap in sensitivity between moiré techniques and holographic or speckle interferometry.     

Nondestructive testing using temporal phase evaluation in speckle interferometry

A novel nondestructive testing (NDT) method is reported in which temporal evolution of the speckles in speckle interferometry is used to measure large object deformations. The basic principle of the method is that continuous object movement introduces fluctuations in the phase of the speckle and is recorded as intensity modulation. Acquiring a large number of frames of the object motion, the phase data for the whole object deformation are then retrieved by the Fourier transformation technique. The method is capable of measuring more than 100 μm in-plane and out-of-plane deformation with speckle interferometry and more than 500 μm for speckle shearing interferometry. The authors discuss the NDT results obtained with the three methods and make some relative comparisons of each.     

数字全息干涉相位导数计算的研究

应变测量对材料评估与分析非常重要。通过计算数字全息干涉的相位导数可实现应变测量。本文针对数字全息干涉相位导数提取问题,对数字剪切法和基于二维伪维格纳法进行研究。数字剪切法通过对干涉复相量的数字平移实现剪切,确定干涉相位导数,而二维伪维格纳法则通过对干涉复相量的二维伪维格纳分布变换,由变换模极值对应的频域参数确定相位导数。数字剪切法需干涉复相量的数字剪切过程,还需相位去包裹。由于激光散斑噪声的影响,直接数字剪切法处理效果较差,通过对剪切干涉复相量滤波,能较好消除散斑噪声影响。二维伪维格纳法无需数字剪切和相位去包裹,就可同时得到2个方向的干涉相位导数,但处理时间较长,处理效果较差。最后,用数字全息干涉法对四周固定、中心加载铝圆盘进行了实际测量,并分别用数字剪切法和二维伪维格纳法进行了分析。结果表明,滤波数字剪切法处理时间适中,处理效果较好。     

一种通过条纹方向图提取散斑条纹中心线的方法

在光测力学中,如何从单幅散斑干涉条纹图中消除散斑噪声,高精度自动提取相位信息,是一项较困难的工作。本文提出了一种计算条纹方向的简单算法,以及通过条纹方向图提取散斑条纹中心线的方法。实验表明此方法对高噪声的散斑条纹图非常有效。     

On the propagation and pulsation of Portevin-Le Chatelier deformation bands: An experimental study with digital speckle pattern metrology

The Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect is closely associated with inhomogeneous deformation, which is characterized by the band of strain localization. In this work, the spatio-temporal dynamics of the Portevin-Le Chatelier deformation bands are investigated by a novel digital speckle pattern metrology technique consisting of digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) and digital speckle correlation (DSC). A series of tension process of a commercial aluminum alloy (A2017) under different imposed strain rates in a range from 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻³ s⁻¹ are monitored in real time with this technique. The formation of the PLC band, the evolution of the band structure and the propagation of the band are visualized and followed by fringe patterns. The distribution of the deformation in the specimen containing the band is measured precisely. It is shown that even for a tensile test, an elastic shrinkage deformation, which is caused by the avalanche-like shearing deformation within the band, occurs outside the band.     

A combination optical method of lateral shearing interferometry and caustics

A novel experimental technique is presented that combines the optical method of caustics and the full-field lateral shearing interferometer of coherent gradient sensing (CGS) in one setup. Collimated light transmitted through a deformed specimen is separated into two legs. One is processed by the lateral shearing interferometer and is recombined with the other on a single image plane. By adjusting the optical path length of each leg, a combination lateral shearing interferogram/caustic image is generated. When this technique is applied to a fracture specimen, information about the stress intensity factor can be obtained from the caustic and the CGS interference fringes for exactly the same deformation field. This allows for a direct comparison between the two methods when investigating phenomena such asK-dominance, three-dimensional deformation and so on. In this paper, the technique is presented in detail, and its feasibility is tested by application to mode I and mixed-mode crack tip deformation fields.     

双参考光全息—散斑干涉术的原理和实验

本文用统计光学方法对双参考光全息——散斑干涉术进行了详尽的理论分析,给出了全息和散斑干涉场区域平均光强分布与光学系统主要参数及三维变形场各分量之间关系的解析表达式,进而讨论了离面位移和面内位移测量的上、下限,最后还给出了有关的实验结果。     

基于单像素成像的微小位移测量方法

激光散斑位移测量法是一种重要的现代光学位移测量方法,由于受到图像传感器元件感光性能限制,难以在强干扰光条件下获得有效散斑场信息,进而无法获取位移场数据,因此,基于单像素成像技术,本文提出一种新的激光散斑位移测量方法:对散斑信息进行图案编码调制,并使用单像素探测器采集调制后的光强信息;利用Walsh-Hadamard Transformation(WHT)成像算法对散斑场图像进行重建;最后结合自相关算法确定物体的位移场信息。分别利用商业相机和单像素成像技术对散射介质的单轴微小位移进行测量,结果表明基于单像素成像技术的激光散斑位移测量技术可以获得较好的测量结果。相比于传统测量方法,基于单像素成像技术的激光散斑位移测量方法在复杂环境中具有一定的优势,可实现强光干扰下的位移场测量。