液晶高分子-各向异性流体挤出拉伸分岔研究

应用共转导数型本构方程研究了液晶高分子纺丝挤出过程的拉伸黏度,应用计算机符号运算软件 Maple得出解析表达式,拉伸黏度与拉伸率之间关系(随剪切速率变化)表明存在分岔现象,得出拉伸黏度显著高于相应的剪切黏度,解释了液晶高分子熔体挤出时不发生挤出胀大的物理机制．     

液晶高分子取向特征及其流变性质研究

研究液晶高分子取向特征及其流变性质，在向矢输运方程基础上，研究了管内Posieulle流动和纺丝拉伸流动中一维向矢部分，应用偏光显微镜研究了热致性和溶致性液晶高分子织构，显示出液晶态的各向异性特征，测定了溶致性液晶高分子羟基丙基纤维素（HPC）的流变特性。     

高强度液晶高分子纺丝纤维取向机制研究

在取向运动输运方程基础上，研究液晶高分子纺丝拉伸流动取向特征、定常取向运动和非定常运动．应用拉格朗日方法研究了轴对称纺丝拉伸流动稳定性．得出液晶高分子纺丝拉伸中分子取向有较高的稳定性，其取向运动具有高抗解取向性，较易形成高取向度，这是制成高强度和高模量纤维、薄膜和模塑制品的基础．     

液晶高分子各向异性粘弹性流体本构方程理论

将液晶高分子－各向异性流体的本构方程,建立在Oldroyd随体导数观点基础上。推广上随机Oldroyd B流体模型,提出共转OldroydB流体模型,同时将微观结构的影响通过宏观参数表示出来,使在宏观理论中包含微观结构的贡献,即引入取向物质函数,非线性各向异性黏度函数和各向异性松弛时间及推迟时间等,表征取向运动对黏度和松弛及推迟现象的影响,在此基础上开展了一类新的液晶高分子－Oldroyd型本构方程理论,由该类型本构方程得出的物质函数,液晶高分子流体的第一、第二法向应力差与实验结果一致,解释了液晶高分子溶液的第一、第二法向应力差的特殊流变学行为。     

粘弹流体轴对称流动的格子Boltzmann方法

基于BGK碰撞模型，通过在迁移方程中引入作用力项，建立了粘弹流体的轴对称格子Boltzmann模型．通过Chapman-Enskog展开，获得了准确的柱坐标下轴对称宏观流动方程．采用双分布函数对运动方程和本构方程进行迭代求解，模拟分析了粘弹流体管道流动，获得了流场中的速度和构型张量的分布，通过与解析解进行比较，验证了模型的准确性．研究了作为粘弹流体流动基准问题的收敛流动，对涡旋位置进行了定量分析，将回转长度的计算结果与有限体积法进行了比较，两种数值结果十分吻合．研究结果表明，模型能够准确表征粘弹流体的轴对称流动，具有较广阔的应用前景．     

哑铃式聚合物分子模型流变性质的Brown动力学模拟

采用非平衡态Ｂｒｏｗｎ动力学方法（ＮＥＢＤ）模拟ＦＥＮＥ哑铃分子模型在定常拉伸流动和突然开始拉伸流动中的运动，计算流变性质，考虑位形相关Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ阻力系数等模型参数的影响，并从非线性随机动力学角度，分析相图，给出拉伸粘度曲线和哑铃伸展曲线不会出现Ｓ型的解释     

超塑拉伸时缩颈的粘塑性力学分析及变速拉伸

本文基于“粘塑性流动理论”,求解了金属超塑性拉伸变形时粘塑性流动的力学平衡方程.得出了缩颈部位金属流动速度的解析式;从而应用应变速率敏感时塑性变形的稳定流动判据,对超塑性拉伸过程中的缩颈游动进行了力学分析.并用此理论解释了近几年发现的超塑性变速拉伸时延伸率显著增加的现象,试图为超塑性的进一步开发和应用提供新的启示,从能量的观点对超塑性变形行为进行新的解释.     

非线性流体-刚体结构相互作用问题的一种数值模拟方法

给出了一种模拟非线性流体-刚体结构相互作用问题的数值方法．文中假定结构承受大的刚体运动,流体流动受非线性有粘或无粘的场方程支配并满足自由表面和两相耦合界面上的非线性边界条件,利用任意拉氏-欧氏（ALE）网格系统构造了数值模型．采用所探讨的多块数值格式,允许可动重造网格间有独立的相对运动,从而克服了流体网格与固体大运动匹配的困难．通过数值离散化,导出了描述非线性流固耦合动力学的数值方程并应用耦合迭代过程对其作了求解．通过算例,说明了所提出数值模型的应用．     

非稳态分数阶Oldroyd-B流体绕楔形体流动研究

研究了非稳态分数阶Oldroyd-B流体在多孔介质中通过楔形拉伸板的驻点流动问题。基于分数阶Oldroyd-B流体的本构模型建立了动量方程,并在其中引入了浮升力和驻点流动特征。此外,考虑了具有热松弛延迟时间的修正的分数阶Fourier定律,并将其应用于能量方程和对流换热边界条件。接着,采用与L1算法相结合的有限差分法求解控制偏微分方程。最后,分析了相关物理参数对流动的影响。结果表明,随着楔角参数的增加,流体受到的浮升力增大,导致速度加快;达西数越大,介质的孔隙度变大,流体的流动越快;此外,温度分布先略有上升后明显下降,这表明Oldroyd-B流体具有热延迟特性。     

基于格子Boltzmann两相模型的粘弹流体挤出胀大分析

挤出胀大的数值模拟是非牛顿流体研究中具有挑战性的问题．本文运用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)分析Oldroyd-B和多阶松弛谱PTT粘弹流体的挤出胀大现象，采用颜色模型模拟出口处粘弹流体和空气的两相流动，通过重新标色获得两种流体的界面，并最终获得胀大的形状．Navier-Stokes方程和本构方程的求解采用双分布函数模型．将胀大的结果与解析解、实验解和单相自由面LBM结果进行了比较，发现格子Boltzmann两相模型结果与解析解和实验结果相吻合，相比于单相模型，收敛速度更快，解的稳定性更高．研究了流道尺寸对胀大率的影响，并对挤出胀大的内在机理进行了分析．     

On the flow of a Bingham fluid passing through an electric field

We study the action of an electric field on a Bingham fluid from the point of view of existence and uniqueness of solutions. We also give an upper bound for the stopping time.     

非牛顿流体力学研究的若干进展

简要介绍微极性流体,应力偶流体,非整数阶Maxwell流体和智能流体的基本概念,通过简单的例子阐述它们与牛顿流体的本质差别,并介绍非牛顿流体在以上热点研究领域的若干进展．     

Unsteady flow of a fourth-grade fluid due to an oscillating plate

The governing non-linear high-order, sixth-order in space and third-order in time, differential equation is constructed for the unsteady flow of an incompressible conducting fourth-grade fluid in a semi-infinite domain. The unsteady flow is induced by a periodically oscillating two-dimensional infinite porous plate with suction/blowing, located in a uniform magnetic field. It is shown that by augmenting additional boundary conditions at infinity based on asymptotic structures and transforming the semi-infinite physical space to a bounded computational domain by means of a coordinate transformation, it is possible to obtain numerical solutions of the non-linear magnetohydrodynamic equation. In particular, due to the unsymmetry of the boundary conditions, in numerical simulations non-central difference schemes are constructed and employed to approximate the emerging higher-order spatial derivatives. Effects of material parameters, uniform suction or blowing past the porous plate, exerted magnetic field and oscillation frequency of the plate on the time-dependent flow, especially on the boundary layer structure near the plate, are numerically analysed and discussed. The flow behaviour of the fourth-grade non-Newtonian fluid is also compared with those of the Newtonian fluid.     

二阶非牛顿流体蠕流精确解

二阶流体是工业界常见的非牛顿流体,因为其本构关系简单而被广泛采用和研究.逆方法预先假定流场满足某类特定的物理的或几何的特性,从而求出流体运动方程的精确解.本文通过假定平面定常二阶非牛顿流体的涡量场与受到扰动的流函数相等这一特定形式,采用求解非线性微分方程常用的逆方法,推导并获得了平面二阶蠕流流场的精确解,由此容易进一步获得流场的压力.所获得的精确解包含了Poiseuille,简单Couette平行流动以及两相向流体的相互作用等流动.这些精确解为实验,数值以及渐进解的检验提供了借鉴和参考.     

Flow and heat transfer from a continuous surface in a parallel free stream of viscoelastic second-order fluid

Boundary layer solutions are presented to investigate the steady flow and heat transfer characteristics from a continuous flat surface moving in a parallel free stream of viscoelastic fluid. Numerical results are presented for the distribution of velocity and temperature profiles within the boundary layer. The effects of the viscoelastic parameter of the fluid on the shear stress at the wall and rate of heat transfer are studied. For the same Reynolds (based on the larger of the free stream and wall velocities) and Prandtl numbers and the same velocity difference |U _w >|, larger skin-friction and heat transfer coefficient result for U _w > than for U _w <.     

Self-similar solutions for displacement of non-Newtonian fluids through porous media

This paper presents a class of self-similar solutions describing piston-like displacement (single-phase flow is included as a special case) of one slightly compressible non-Newtonian, power-law, dilatant fluid by another through a homogeneous, isotropic porous medium. These solutions can be used to evaluate the validity and accuracy of existing approximate solutions, such as the assumption of constant flow rate at each radial distance that Ikoku and Ramey use to linearize the partial differential equation for the flow of non-Newtonian, power-law fluid through a porous medium.Nomenclature a parameter, defined by (A8) - A cross-section area of linear reservoir - B constant - c fluid compressibility - c _f formation compressibility - c _t system compressibility - c t dimensionless system compressibility, defined by (24) - C constant of integration - D _I dimensionless coefficient, directly proportional to injection rate, for linear displacement case, defined by (22). - D ₂ dimensionless coefficient, directly proportional to injection rate, for radial displacement case, defined by (55) - erf(x) error function - ercf(x) complementary error function - Ei(x) exponential integral - f dimensionless pressure, defined by (10) - h formation thickness - k permeability - l linear location of moving boundary between the displacing and displaced fluids - n flow behavior parameter - p pressure - p _i injection pressure - p ₀ initial pressure; reference pressure - p ₀ dimensionless initial pressure, defined by (19) - q injection rate - r radial distance - R radial location of moving boundary between the displacing and displaced fluids - t time - u superficial velocity - U substitution of variable - x linear distance - _e effective viscosity - _e dimensionless effective viscosity, defined by (24) - dimensionless variable, defined by (9) or (45) - _i0 value of corresponding to the location of the moving boundary between the displacing and displaced fluids - density - ₀ value of density at reference pressure - porosity - ₀ value of porosity at reference pressure - 1 displacing fluid - 2 displaced fluid     

Stability of plane-parallel vibrational flow in a two-layer system

The stability of the interface separating two immiscible incompressible fluids of different densities and viscosities is considered in the case of fluids filling a cavity which performs horizontal harmonic oscillations. There exists a simple basic state which corresponds to the unperturbed interface and plane-parallel unsteady counter flows; the properties of this state are examined. A linear stability problem for the interface is formulated and solved for both (a) inviscid and (b) viscous fluids. A transformation is found which reduces the linear stability problem under the inviscid approximation to the Mathieu equation. The parametric resonant regions of instability associated with the intensification of capillary-gravity waves at the interface are examined and the results are compared to those found in the viscous case in a fully numerical investigation.     

Application of differential constraint method to exact solution of second-grade fluid

A differential constraint method is used to obtain analytical solutions of a second-grade fluid flow. By using the first-order differential constraint condition, exact solutions of Poiseuille flows, jet flows and Couette flows subjected to suction or blowing forces, and planar elongational flows are derived. In addition, two new classes of exact solutions for a second-grade fluid flow are found. The obtained exact solutions show that the non-Newtonian second-grade flow behavior depends not only on the material viscosity but also on the material elasticity. Finally, some boundary value problems are discussed.     

Steady Ostwald flow between two differentially rotating co-axial discs

The steady flow of a power-law (Ostwald) fluid between two differentially rotating, parallel, co-axial discs has been considered for both large and small Reynolds number. All edge effects of the discs are neglected, the discs rotate in the same sense and the distance between the two discs is much smaller than their radius. In the large Reynolds number case a similarity solution is sought. It is assumed that the flow consists of boundary layers on the discs, while the core rotates as a rigid body with speed intermediate of those of the discs. The boundary layer is thinner than in the equivalent Newtonian problem, and the decay of the boundary layers is found to be algebraic. This slow decay contrasts with the faster exponential decay in the Newtonian case. For the low Reynolds number problem, the ratio of the disc separation to radius was taken to be much smaller than the Reynolds number. This is, in effect, a lubrication-type problem. The velocity components are expressed as expansions in ascending powers of the Reynolds number. For both the large and small Reynolds number flow, the torque is calculated as a function of the disc speeds, for various values of the power-law index n.     

THE HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTION OF BERNOULLI'S EQUATION TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FLUID MECHANICS THEORY

著名的理想流体定常流动的能量方程即伯努利方程,自建立以来在流体力学领域中贡献卓著。本文依据伯努利方程的建立内涵,阐述了其在流体静力学、定常孔口出流、皮托管测速、文丘里管流量和翼型绕流等具体流动中的成功应用。同时,进一步说明了由伯努利方程建立提出的局部跟随流体质点的建模思想,被欧拉概括为描述流体运动的流场法,是建立欧拉方程组和N-S方程组的基本依据,也为后来湍流理论、边界层理论、气动噪声等理论的建立奠定了基础。