马尔康巴拉水电站近场区主要断裂活动性及对工程的影响

马尔康巴拉电站近场区内断层的活动性对工程的设计和坝址的选择极为重要。根据野外调查、ESR测年、断层泥石英形貌、地震活动性等综合分析,认为近场区除松岗断裂以外的其他断层在地表浅部晚更新世以来不具活动性,对工程建设基本不产生影响。松岗断裂中段深部小震频繁,地表未见活动证据,南段错断Ⅱ级阶地,因此中南段属于晚更新世活动断层,北段晚更新世以来不具活动性; 日部断裂与松岗断裂中段一样属于深部黏滑浅部闭锁型断层,这种断层可能会在未来地震中产生较大的地表变形,工程建设应避开此类断裂。活动的松岗断裂中南段的潜在地震危险性评估表明,其可能诱发的地震震级约Ms=6.95。拟选的上坝址由于距松岗断裂的安全距离不够,岩石物理条件较差,下坝址的利用落差较小等综合因素考虑,建议选择中坝址更为合理。     

灰色理论在旋转机械故障诊断与预报中的应用

利用灰色理论的关联度分析实现了旋转机械故障的精密诊断 ,利用灰色模型( GM)实现了旋转机械的状态预测及故障预报 ,并用 C语言编制了一套完整的旋转机械灰色故障诊断、状态预测与故障预报软件。同时本文对某厂透平机进行了全面的计算机诊断与预报 ,通过现场对该透平机检查发现故障与本软件诊断结果一致 ,进而揭示了利用灰色理论开发旋转机械故障诊断和预报系统的可行性。本软件为旋转机械故障诊断专家系统的开发提供了新的借鉴     

九甸峡工程区断层测年结果研究与讨论

断层的年代测定是研究断层活动性的重要内容之一。然而, 一个工程同一条断层会出现不同的测年结果, 从而引起争议和难予决断。近年来我们通过几个大型工程区域稳定性研究, 对此获得了一些认识。本文以洮河九甸峡地区几条主干断层为研究对象, 采用同位素年龄测定与野外地质调查和显微构造分析相结合的方法, 对断层测年问题作一分析和讨论, 也许对岩土工程断层活动性研究有一定参考价值。     

Local joint information based active fault tolerant control for reconfigurable manipulator

This paper is concerned with the active fault tolerant control problem for reconfigurable manipulator actuator based on local joint information. It is considered that the entire reconfigurable manipulator system consists of a couple of independent joint modules as subsystems, which are controlled using unified radial basis function neural network adaptive algorithm using local joint information when actuators are fault free. For the subsystem in actuator fault situation, fault detection is achieved through comparing the user defined threshold to the residual between actual velocity value and nonlinear velocity observation value. The unknown input state observer is exploited for fault identification. Based on the information aforementioned, a compensation term is added to the proposed control algorithm for switching to realize active fault tolerant control when subsystem in fault. The advantages of the presented scheme are that unlike the complex control structure in centralized control, this scheme possesses simple control structure, as well as could isolate and tolerant the fault in subsystem. Furthermore, it can be easily applied to different configurations without any parameters modification. It means that the local fault could not affect the joint in normal situation. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, two different 2-DOF reconfigurable manipulators are employed for simulation.     

天水地区断裂活动性与地质灾害的相关性研究

在对天水地区断裂活动性的实地调查和断裂带氡气含量测试的基础上,对研究区内断裂的活动性进行了分析评价分级,分析了地质灾害的发育与分布特征,研究了断裂活动性与地质灾害发育程度之间的关系。研究表明,研究区断裂活动性与地质灾害的发育程度之间有着密切的联系,断裂活动是本区地质灾害的主要影响因素之一。     

Unknown bearing fault diagnosis under time-varying speed conditions and strong noise background

The bearing vibration signal shows strong non-stationary property under time-varying speed conditions. In addition, the weak bearing fault characteristic is often submerged in strong background noise. How to accurately extract the unknown fault characteristic from the non-stationary vibration signal is the primary problem of bearing fault diagnosis. Stochastic resonance has been proved to be an effective weak signal enhancement method. Therefore, an unknown bearing fault detection technology of speed variation is proposed, which breaks through the periodicity limitation of the classical stochastic resonance on the input signal. It enables stochastic resonance suitable for the enhancement of non-stationary fault signal. Firstly, the non-stationary vibration signal is processed by the computed order tracking to obtain the stationary signal in angular domain. To extract the potential feature information, the bearing imaginary fault order index is constructed from the angular domain order spectrum. Then, the resonance response at the imaginary fault order is obtained. Finally, the coherence resonance theory is introduced to judge the bearing fault pattern through the resonance factor index of response order spectrum. The proposed method overcomes the fuzzy mapping relationship between the signal symptom and the bearing fault caused by speed variation. The experimental data analysis results provide effective support for the proposed method.

     

紫坪铺库区断层分布规律统计分析

定量描述地质构造的分布规律对诸如核废料地质处置、边坡稳定性分析、采矿工程以及水利水电工程都具有十分重要的意义。本文根据紫坪铺水库工程区域地质图,通过提取断层信息的方法,获得了断层分布图。对紫坪铺水利枢纽工程库区内尺度跨越3个数量级、共126条断层进行了统计分析,获得了断层长度-数量间的幂律关系,即N(r)~r^-D。并通过分段线性拟合的方法,计算了幂指数的值。发现当断层长度r<2.5km时,幂指数D=0.32;而当断层长度r≥2.5km时,幂指数D=1.58。该幂律关系对推演更小或更大规模断层分布具有重要意义。     

基于Lyapunov指数谱的航空发动机故障诊断研究

提出了基于Lyapunov指数谱和Lyapunov指数谱熵的航空发动机状态识别和故障诊断新方法。基于实测的某型航空发动机振动时间序列求解了系统不同工作状态和故障状态的Lya-punov指数谱;基于Lyapunov指数谱,对该型航空发动机进行了状态识别和故障诊断;为给出对Lyapunov指数谱及其对状态识别和故障诊断的整体表述,定义了Lyapunov指数谱熵,并基于该谱熵对该型航空发动机进行了状态识别和故障诊断。研究结果表明该型航空发动机振动时间序列在不同状态下具有不同的Lyapunov指数谱及其谱熵,即可以Lyapunov指数谱及其谱熵作为识别其状态的特征量,为航空发动机的故障诊断和状态监控提供了新的可靠的方法。     

基于贝叶斯网络的智能故障诊断方法

首先提出了基于贝叶斯网络的智能故障诊断方法，它对于解决复杂设备诊断问题中存在的不确定性，关联性具有很大的优质。然后阐述了贝叶斯网络模型的数学描述及基于贝叶斯网络的故障诊断方法的基本思路和决策算法。最后以某型SINS／GPS组合导航系统的故障诊断应用实例说明了该方法的有效性。     

野值存在情况下组合导航系统的容错技术研究

提出了“故障诊断周期”的概念，并基于一个诊断周期内占多数的数据均超过门限时才认为故障，否则认为是野值的故障原则对故障蜮野值情况分别处理。该容错方法不仅可以避免因野值造成的组成模式的频繁，而且还通过剔除野值对滤波的影响，提高了系统滤波精度和数据的连续性，并提高了系统故障检测的灵敏度。这在仿真中都得到了证明，说明该方法行之有效，在工程实际中也可以应用。     

抽水作用下先期断裂对地裂缝的影响研究

过度抽取地下水和先期存在的断裂构造是西安市地裂缝地质灾害发生的主要原因。作者首先从理论上分析了抽水情况下地裂缝形成的张拉破裂机制、剪切破裂机制和张剪复合破裂机制,并从结构面控制理论分析了先期断裂在地裂缝形成中的控制作用; 然后依据比奥三维固结理论,采用FLAC软件建立了西安地裂缝的计算模型,比较了抽水作用时没有先期断裂和地层差异、有先期断裂而没有地层差异、有地层差异而无先期断裂等情况时的地面变形特征,得出抽水作用下,先期断裂对地裂缝的形成及发展具有诱导、隔离和放大的耦合作用,从而得出先期断裂不仅仅只是地裂缝形成的构造基础的结论。     

构造活动地区工程构造稳定性研究

在０．６１×１０￣５Ｒｅ６．０１×１０￣５，０．９３Ｈ／Ｄ２．５０（Ｈ为波高，Ｄ为圆柱直径）的范围内实验研究了弹性圆柱在浪流联合作用下的流体载荷。通过测量柱表面压力，得到了脉动升力和阻力系数，并给出了Ｍｏｒｉｓｏｎ公式中的Ｃ＿Ｄ，Ｃ＿Ｍ值随Ｋｃ数的变化关系，实验结果表明：在浪流联合作用下的圆柱体，其流体载荷与雷诺数的变化密切相关，并且圆柱的振动对流体载荷也有影响。     

阿尔金断裂东段断层滑动方式的研究

采用宏观、微观相结合的方法 ,对阿尔金断裂东段断层滑动方式进行研究 ,结果表明 :(1)阿尔金断裂东段由多条羽列状次级断层所组成 ,相邻两次级断层间的夹角 :A段 <15°,B段 <12°,C段 <5°;(2 )断层物质具明显的组构现象 ,眼球状流动构造 ,较小的剪切破裂角等是阿尔金断裂东段断层蠕动的结果 ;(3)断层泥石英碎砾 SEM特征显示阿尔金断裂东段 Q3以来主要是蠕滑 ,但不同区段稍有不同。综上所述 ,阿尔金断裂东段断层活动主要是蠕滑 ,愈向东其蠕滑程度愈高。     

Faults simulations for three-dimensional reservoir-geomechanical models with the extended finite element method

Faults are geological entities with thicknesses several orders of magnitude smaller than the grid blocks typically used to discretize reservoir and/or over-under-burden geological formations. Introducing faults in a complex reservoir and/or geomechanical mesh therefore poses significant meshing difficulties. In this paper, we consider the strong-coupling of solid displacement and fluid pressure in a three-dimensional poro-mechanical (reservoir-geomechanical) model. We introduce faults in the mesh without meshing them explicitly, by using the extended finite element method (X-FEM) in which the nodes whose basis function support intersects the fault are enriched within the framework of partition of unity. For the geomechanics, the fault is treated as an internal displacement discontinuity that allows slipping to occur using a Mohr–Coulomb type criterion. For the reservoir, the fault is either an internal fluid flow conduit that allows fluid flow in the fault as well as to enter/leave the fault or is a barrier to flow (sealing fault). For internal fluid flow conduits, the continuous fluid pressure approximation admits a discontinuity in its normal derivative across the fault, whereas for an impermeable fault, the pressure approximation is discontinuous across the fault. Equal-order displacement and pressure approximations are used. Two- and three-dimensional benchmark computations are presented to verify the accuracy of the approach, and simulations are presented that reveal the influence of the rate of loading on the activation of faults.     

Analysis of main shock of thrust fault earthquake by catastrophe theory

The relationship between work and energy increment of a thrust fault system with quasi-static deformation can be decomposed into two parts: volume strain energy and deviation stress energy. The relationship between work and energy increment of the deviation stress of a simplified thrust fault system is analyzed based on the catastrophe theory. The research indicates that the characteristics displayed by the fold catastrophe model can appropriately describe the condition of earthquake generation, the evolvement process of main shock of thrust fault earthquake, and some important aftershock properties. The bigger the surrounding press of surrounding rock is, the bigger the maximum principal stress is, the smaller the incidences of the potential thrust fault surface are, and the smaller the ratio between the tangential stiffness of surrounding rock and the slope is, which is at the inflexion point on the softened zone of the fault shearing strength curve. Thus, when earthquake occurrs, the larger the elastic energy releasing amount of surrounding rock is, the bigger the earthquake magnitude is, the larger the half distance of fault dislocation is, and the larger the displacement amplitude of end face of surrounding rock is. Fracturing and expanding the fault rock body and releasing the volume strain energy of surrounding rock during the earthquake can enhance the foregoing effects together.     

一种主备配置的惯导系统故障诊断原理

分析了系统进行硬件故障、信息良好性故障及软（性能）故障的诊断原理。特别是研究并推导了主、备平台系统四个水平通道之一出现慢漂移时的诊断公式及方法。实验证明：其分析推导过程与某型飞机惯导产品实际情况完全一致，对国内惯导故障诊断具有重要的参考价值。     

变转速工况下高速列车轴承转子系统特性分析

高速列车的发展使得其关键零部件——轴承的安全问题日益突出. 现有的轴承模型均是建立在匀速工况下, 不能描述系统在变转速工况下运动状态. 为了解决这个问题, 建立了一个变转速工况下高速列车轴箱轴承转子系统动力学模型, 模型通过角度迭代计算得到了滚动体在不均匀时间内转过的总角度, 进而确定了滚动体在任意时刻的空间位置. 在匀速工况和变转速工况下, 对具有外圈故障的轴承模型进行了实验对比, 验证了模型的有效性. 利用轴心轨迹定性分析了外圈故障、内圈故障和滚动体故障对系统稳定性的影响, 并通过实验验证了分析结果的可靠性. 利用二维不变矩作为特征指标定量分析了三类故障对系统稳定性的影响. 分析结果表明: 当轴承角加速度较小时, 外圈故障对系统稳定性影响最大; 当轴承角加速度较大时, 滚动体故障对系统稳定性影响最大, 但是影响程度随着故障尺寸的变大而逐渐减小. 同样地, 利用二维不变矩作为特征指标进行了系统的稳定性临界状态分析, 确定了在不同转速工况下和不同故障类型下临界状态对应的最大故障尺寸. 研究结果表明: 随着轴承内圈转速的上升, 不同故障类型对应的最大尺寸都会减小, 其中滚动体故障尺寸大都是最小的, 说明滚动体故障对系统稳定性影响最大.      

基于蚁群算法的复杂系统多故障状态的决策

故障树在设备的故障诊断中被广泛应用。当系统复杂度较大时,故障模式和故障树的分支会剧烈增加,故障现象和故障原因因此出现复杂关系,这必然给故障检测和诊断推理带来极大的困难。在故障诊断中引入一种新的人工智能方法,即蚁群算法,可以确定故障树的最优检测次序,并指导系统多故障状态的决策。由于该方法具有平行性、鲁棒性等特点,可以很好地解决前面所提问题。仿真结果显示,在故障树中采用该新方法可行、有效。     

青海省活动断裂带分布发育特征研究

青海省活动断裂带在印度板块的推挤作用下具有各自不同的空间展布和运动学特征,通过对省内24条活动断裂带的研究,得出NNW向断裂带右旋走滑的同时还具有逆时针旋转的运动特性,柴达木盆地西南边缘的茫崖—油沙山断裂的形成可能是阿尔金断裂带左旋走滑的压应力分量和持续板块推挤在青藏高原北部的一种响应,中更新世以来的构造运动决定了现今青海构造地貌的基本形态,现今高原北部的隆升主要集中在柴达木盆地西侧和祁连山地区,挤压应力分布表现为南北强于中部、东部强于西部。     

工程岩体断裂构造发育程度的定量评价研究IAEG信息(会讯)

岩体断裂构造发育程度及其均匀性是影响岩体结构类型、岩体质量优劣及岩体稳定性分析以及工程岩体综合分区利用的重要因素, 因此岩体断裂构造发育程度的定量评价具有重要的工程意义。本文以三峡工程永久船闸边坡工程为例, 系统地讨论了工程岩体断裂构造发育程度的评价方法、定量评价指标的确定原则、断裂构造发育程度的分级标准等。研究表明, 根据岩体断裂构造发育特点, 综合运用多层次模糊综合评判法和人工神经网络技术是评价工程岩体断裂构造发育程度的有效方法。