JPC聚能装药对钢筋混凝土墙毁伤效应的试验与数值模拟研究

为了满足高侵深和大穿孔的要求,设计一种聚能杆式弹丸（jetting projectile charge, JPC）,开展大尺寸钢筋混凝土墙的毁伤效应试验。在此基础上,基于修正参数的K&C(Karagozian&Case)模型进行数值模拟,研究JPC高速侵彻和爆炸冲击波对钢筋混凝土墙的联合破坏作用,分析墙体厚度对破坏效果的影响规律。结果表明,在1.67倍和2.50倍装药直径的炸高条件下,JPC均能够有效贯穿80 cm(6.67倍装药直径)厚的钢筋混凝土墙,形成直径大于6 cm(0.50倍装药直径)的柱状孔洞;聚能装药的多载荷毁伤特性决定了钢筋混凝土墙的破坏结果,爆炸冲击波能够加剧墙体正面开坑和背面崩落的破坏范围;墙体厚度对于墙体正面漏斗坑的直径与深度及内部侵彻孔洞直径均无显著影响;随着墙体厚度增大,背面漏斗坑直径逐渐减小,深度却逐渐增大。     

药型罩锥角对射孔枪射流冲击过程的影响

采用ALE方法对射孔弹射流形成的过程及聚能射流对混凝土靶板的侵彻进行了数值模拟,对比了锥形药型罩的不同锥角对聚能射流形成和侵彻的影响.研究结果表明药型罩的锥角大小对聚能射流的速度和形状、射流头部和杵体的质量、侵彻的宽度和深度有着明显显著的影响.小锥角射流头部比重较小且杵体速度未达到侵彻临界值而无法起到很好的侵彻效果,大...     

大锥角药型罩聚能装药侵彻混凝土实验研究

采用脉冲X光照相及威力效应实验,对两种大锥角药型罩装药结构侵彻体的形成及它们对混凝土的侵彻能力进行了研究,获得了两种大锥角药型罩装药结构形成侵彻体的形状、头尾速度及它们对混凝土靶的侵彻参量,对比了半无限厚混凝土靶板及多层有限厚薄靶板对侵彻威力的影响。结果表明,在小炸高条件下,两种大锥角药型罩装药结构能够形成较理想的爆炸成型杆式侵彻体,在混凝土靶中形成孔深与孔径兼顾的孔道。     

一种组合药型罩聚能装药战斗部对含水复合结构毁伤的数值模拟及试验研究

为了研究组合药型罩聚能装药战斗部对含水复合结构的毁伤机理,基于LS-DYNA软件的任意拉格朗日-欧拉(arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, ALE)流固耦合算法,对水下组合药型罩聚能装药战斗部侵彻体的形成以及穿靶过程开展研究,采用数值模拟等比例模型对水下组合药型罩聚能装药战斗部对靶板毁伤进行试验验证。研究结果表明,在偏心亚半球缺罩罩顶设计偏心亚半球形罩能够在侵彻体前端形成细长的杆式射流,可以增加整个侵彻体长度和头部侵彻体速度。在穿水和靶板过程中,利用头部杆式射流形成空腔帮助后续侵彻体低阻随进。对靶板毁伤过程的分析发现,与战斗部直接连接的第1层靶板将会受到侵彻体的高速冲击作用和爆炸波沿水介质传播过来的强冲击波联合作用,而随着水层厚度的增加,沿水中传播的爆炸冲击波强度会被迅速衰减,爆炸冲击波对后续靶板的作用变得不明显,主要为侵彻体的冲击作用。最后利用设计的组合药型罩结构开展了试验验证,对比分析了每层靶板的穿孔尺寸,试验结果与数值计算结果符合较好,最大误差小于15%。     

间隔靶对射流侵彻影响的数值模拟和实验研究

对某聚能装药射流侵彻靶板的过程进行了数值模拟 ,得出其碰撞点附近应力分布与传统理论相符 ,侵彻深度与实验结果及工程计算结果基本相符 ;分别对该聚能装药侵彻连续靶和间隔靶的过程进行了数值模拟 ,数值模拟结果显示间隔靶的侵彻深度明显低于连续靶的侵彻深度 ,这说明侵彻开坑阶段的能耗侵深比远大于准定常阶段。为了验证间隔靶对射流侵彻的影响 ,用另一聚能装药分别对连续靶和间隔靶进行了侵彻实验 ,并排除了炸高的影响。实验结果也表明 ,间隔靶对射流侵彻的确存在着不利影响。还结合数值模拟及实验结果对传统的侵彻公式进行了修正。     

聚能装药水下爆炸冲击波和侵彻体载荷作用时序研究

聚能装药水下爆炸过程中会产生高速聚能侵彻体和强间断冲击波等多种毁伤元。由于聚能侵彻体和冲击波的作用时间接近，且聚能装药水下爆炸作用时序的理论并不完善，因而认识两者的作用时序对聚能型战斗部作用下舰船结构的毁伤研究具有重要意义。首先，基于接触爆炸理论和牛顿第二定律，推导药型罩压垮后加速度和速度公式的基本形式。随后，基于欧拉控制方程，建立聚能装药空中和水下爆炸数值模型，得到装药和药型罩交界面处压力时程曲线，定量地确定药型罩压垮的加速度和速度公式，通过理论公式可解决不同炸高下聚能侵彻体和直达冲击波先后到达目标的问题。为了验证理论公式的可靠性，讨论了空气域长度为5倍装药半径时的复杂工况，数值模拟结果和理论推导结果基本一致：当空气域长度为5倍装药半径时，炸高在3倍装药半径之外，冲击波先于侵彻体。提出了药型罩压垮的加速度和速度理论公式的形式和求解聚能侵彻体和冲击波作用时序问题的思路，为分析聚能装药水下爆炸聚能侵彻体和冲击波的作用时序提供了理论依据。     

约束状态下聚能杆流对混凝土作用的实验研究

聚能杆流是多级串联战斗部次级装药的常用聚能侵彻体.基于两种典型的聚能装药结构,设计加工了有不同直径和深度预制约束孔的C35混凝土靶板,开展了(Φ60mm亚半球和K装药在不同约束状态侵彻毁伤混凝土对比实验研究.结果表明,两种聚能杆流都可在混凝土孔约束状态下形成大且深的侵彻孔;随约束孔径增大,侵彻深度先减小而后增加;随约束...     

陶瓷靶抗射流侵彻的理论模型及数值模拟

以球型空腔膨胀理论为基础,提出了一个计算陶瓷靶板阻力的损伤模型,该模型考虑了损伤因子对陶瓷靶板弹道性能的影响.结合不可压缩流体力学理论,对射流侵彻陶瓷靶板的侵彻速度进行了理论值计算,并与未考虑损伤的侵彻速度进行了比较,该模型的计算结果更接近实验结果.建立了射流侵彻陶瓷靶板的数值计算模型,对铜射流侵彻陶瓷靶的动态破坏过程进行了研究,讨论了药型罩的锥角、壁厚对射流侵彻结果的影响,结果表明:相同锥角的药型罩,壁厚对陶瓷靶板孔径的影响较小;同壁厚的药型罩,随着锥角的增大,侵彻孔径增大.侵彻速度的数值模拟结果与理论结果进行了比较,得到了较好的一致性.     

大锥角聚能装药射流形成及对多层靶侵彻的数值模拟研究

运用改进的网格线示踪点法MOCL(MarkOnCellLine)二维多流体欧拉程序 ,对大锥角聚能装药射流的形成及侵彻多层金属靶的全过程进行了数值模拟研究 ,计算结果与试验结果较吻合。这种连贯性的模拟能力避免了数值计算中对射流的许多人为假定。计算和试验结果表明 ,该聚能装药所形成的射流质量约占整个药型罩质量的 32 % ,兼有聚能射流和爆炸成型弹丸的特点 ,更适合于穿透多层大间隔金属靶。     

聚能射流侵彻页岩储层损伤裂隙形成机制

为研究药型罩对聚能射孔弹侵彻页岩储层的射孔和损伤致裂效果的影响机理,建立了射孔弹-空气-页岩三维模型,设置药型罩的锥角分别为50°、60°、70°和80°,壁厚分别为0.5、1.0和1.5 mm,材料分别为铜、钢、钛和钨。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件进行数值计算,分别从射流速度与形态、页岩射孔效果及页岩孔裂隙形成规律特征等进行系统性分析。研究结果表明：在射孔弹结构中,随着药型罩锥角的减小,射流速度提高、杵体速度降低、侵彻深度增大同时开孔孔径减小。在一定范围内,适当减小药型罩的壁厚,可以提高射流速度、减小杵体质量、增大侵彻深度和开孔倾斜度。药型罩材料对射流速度、杵体结构和页岩射孔效果均有显著影响,其中钨药型罩射孔弹的侵彻深度最大但开孔孔径最小,钛药型罩射孔弹的侵彻深度最小但开孔倾斜度最大,铜比钢药型罩射孔弹的侵彻深度略大但开孔孔径略小。通过研究不同对照组的页岩孔裂隙形成规律特征发现,页岩孔裂隙发育主要发生在杵体对页岩的再扩孔阶段,减小射流初始扩孔孔径、增大杵体直径、提高杵体速度,可以促进页岩孔裂隙发育程度。     

Experimental investigation of penetration performance of shaped charge into concrete targets

In order to develop a tandem warhead that can effectively destroy concrete targets, this paper explores the penetration performance of shaped charges with different cone angles and liner materials into concrete targets by means of experiments. The penetration process and the destruction mechanism of concrete targets by shaped charges and kinetic energy projectiles are analyzed and compared. Experimental results suggest that both kinetic energetic projectile and shaped charge are capable of destroying concrete targets, but the magnitudes of damage are different. Compared with a kinetic energy projectile, a shaped charge has more significant effect of penetration into the target, and causes very large spalling area. Hence, a shaped charge is quite suitable for first-stage charge of tandem warhead. It is also found that, with the increase of shaped charge liner cone angle, the depth of penetration decreases gradually while the hole diameter becomes larger. Penetration depth with copper liner is larger than of aluminum liner but hole diameter is relatively smaller, and the shaped charge with steel liner is between the above two cases. The shaped charge with a cone angle of 100° can form a jet projectile charge （JPC）. With JPC, a hole with optimum depth and diameter on concrete targets can be formed, which guarantees that the second-stage warhead smoothly penetrates into the hole and explodes at the optimum depth to achieve the desired level of destruction in concrete targets.     

双材质复合射流对混凝土的侵彻

为了增大射流对混凝土靶板的开孔直径,并保证侵彻深度满足要求,在传统铜质药型罩与空气接触的一侧增加了铝质药型罩,这样在炸药爆炸驱动下形成内芯由高密度材料、外层由低密度材料组成的双材质复合射流,增大了射流直径。并根据双材质复合射流的侵彻特点,分析了侵彻过程中单质射流侵彻、双滞止点侵彻和单滞止点侵彻下的混凝土开孔直径。X射线实验显示:双材质复合射流成型形态良好,铝罩较厚时射流直径增大;在实验范围内,随着铝罩厚度的增加开孔直径有所增大,并且满足侵彻深度要求。对双材质复合射流的侵彻过程进行了理论计算,实验与计算孔形较好吻合。     

Research on the optimum length–diameter ratio of the charge of a multimode warhead

This paper outlines our research on a multimode warhead in which we adopted center point and annular initiation modes to form multimode penetrators. Using LS-DYNA software, we studied the effect of the configuration parameters, namely the length/diameter ratio of the shaped charge, on the formation parameters, such as the velocity and length/diameter ratio, of multimode penetrators. We found that when the charge length was in the range of 0.9–1.2 times the charge diameter, the same structure of shaped charge can form suitable multimode penetrators. Either an explosively formed penetrator (EFP) or a long stretchy rod-shaped EFP penetrator can be formed. We establish an optimum charge length for penetrator formation of 1.4 times the charge diameter. Simulation results were validated using X-ray imaging experiments and they were in good agreement. The results found that by increasing the charge length from 0.9 to 1.4 times the charge diameter, the penetration depth of the EFP increased by 74.5%, while increasing the charge length from 1.4 to 1.6 times the charge diameter only increased the penetration depth by 1.9%.     

弹体对混凝土材料先侵彻后爆炸损伤破坏效应的数值模拟研究

基于Kong-Fang混凝土材料模型和LS-DYNA的流固耦合和重启动算法,开展了某新型钻地武器先侵彻后爆炸对混凝土靶体的毁伤破坏效应研究。通过模拟大口径缩比弹侵彻实验和预制孔爆炸实验,验证了材料模型及其参数的可靠性。在此基础上,进一步对预制孔装药爆炸建模、不考虑弹壳的重启动建模和考虑弹壳的重启动建模3种方法进行了比较。数值计算结果表明,由于爆轰产物的外泄,不考虑侵彻预损伤的预制孔装药爆炸方法得到的爆坑直径仅为3倍弹径,且损伤破坏模式与其他2种方法得到的损伤破坏模式区别较大。重启动建模方法继承了弹体侵彻过程中累积的损伤,爆坑直径在原有侵彻损伤破坏的基础上明显增大;且由于弹壳变形破碎消耗部分能量,考虑弹壳时模拟得到的爆坑直径（约14.5倍弹径）略小于不考虑弹壳时模拟得到的爆坑直径（约16倍弹径）;但由于破碎弹头的二次侵彻作用,考虑弹壳时模拟得到的爆坑深度比不考虑弹壳时模拟得到的爆坑深度增加约5%。上述研究结果可为进一步开展钻地武器先侵彻后爆炸毁伤破坏效应的实验研究提供参考。     

Jet formation and penetration mechanism of W typed shaped charge

Existing classical shaped charges are well known for their longer jets capable of achieving large hole depth to hole diameter ratios in metallic targets. However, in some situations, there arises demand to obtain 1：1 ratio for hole depth to hole diameter which is beyond normal shaped charges capability. A new variant of shape charge, named W typed shape charge （WSC）, is proposed in this paper, which can meet the demand of 1：1 ratio, and is based on the geometry that can produce annular jets upon proper initiation scheme. In this paper, we present formation and penetration results of WSC based on three different schemes. We also show that not all WSC designs can form annular jets, only annularly initiated WSC, which also fulfils the ＂Internal-External Liners Equal-Impulse＂ criterion, has the capability to form annular jet. The experimental and numerical results show that when the ratio between annular initiation ring diameter and the charge diameter is 0.75, an annular jet is formed, which was also supported by high speed photographs performed in vacuum. 2D numerical simulations are performed with indigenously developed simulation software, where Eulerian approach with multi-material interface tracking algorithm is utilized, to find various mechanisms involved during jet formation process. The calculation results are found in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the interface treatment algorithm proposed in this paper can not only deal with large deformation problem, but also depict clearly the variation of materials interface. It is especially suitable for simulation of the process from liner collapse to formation of shaped charge jet.