碳化?氮化与碳氮化对316LVM不锈钢微动腐蚀磨损性能的影响

采用液压伺服微动试验机,在模拟体液中试验研究了430℃渗氮、430℃氮碳共渗与500℃渗碳等3种表面改性工艺对医用奥氏体不锈钢316LVM微动腐蚀磨损性能的影响.结果表明,3种工艺均可在奥氏体不锈钢表面形成扩展奥氏体相"S相",明显地提高基体硬度和弹性模量,进而改善其微动腐蚀磨损性能.在本文试验条件下,430℃氮碳共渗样品的耐微动腐蚀磨损性能最好,是医用奥氏体不锈钢316LVM抗微动磨损性能最优的表面改性工艺.     

316L不锈钢氮离子注入层的高温摩擦磨损特性

考察了316L奥氏体不锈钢高温氮离子注入层的摩擦磨损性能,并分析了其组织结构。结果表明：在相同注入工艺条件下,高温注入后的含氮层深度较常温注入下的提高约10倍;在150～460℃下注入处理时,在距离注入层表面大约40nm深度内的组织结构与注入温度有关,含氮层主要以膨胀奥氏体组织为主;由于膨胀奥氏体、CrN和微晶组织等对含氮层的强化作用,使显微硬度显著提高,摩擦系数明显下降,耐磨性能得到改善;460℃下注入处理后试样的摩擦系数较150℃下处理后的略高,而前者的耐磨性明显较高。     

加弧辉光离子渗NiCr与喷丸强化复合处理对钛合金微动疲劳性能的影响研究

研究了钛合金表面加弧辉光离子渗NiCr层的相组合和分布,对NiCr渗 层进行喷丸形变强化后处理,以协同提高钛合金耐微动疲劳性能。研究结果表明：利用加弧辉光离子渗技术可以获得由Ni3Ti金属间化合物等组成的渗镀复合层,从而提高钛合金的表面硬度和耐磨性能;NiCr渗层的耐磨性能与喷丸强化引入的表面残余压应力协同作用,使钛合金经加弧辉光离子渗NiCr和喷丸形变强化复合处理后的耐微动疲劳性能较单一喷丸强化处理更好。     

碳钢表面碳—氮共渗层在高速干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能研究

对 2 0 # 钢试样进行碳 -氮共渗热处理 ,考察了共渗层在高速干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能 ,并用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对其磨损表面形貌和元素化学状态进行了分析 .结果表明 :随着滑动速度的增加 ,2 0 # 钢表面碳 -氮共渗层的磨损率逐渐降低 ,当滑动速度达到 35m/s左右时 ,磨损率显著增大 .扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱分析结果表明 ,高速轻载干摩擦条件下 2 0 # 钢表面碳 -氮共渗层的摩擦学性能同磨损表面氧化物的形成和剥落密切相关 ,而磨损率的显著增加是由于磨损表面氧化物类型发生从Fe2 O3 到FeO的转变所致 .     

W18Cr4V钢表面离子氮碳共渗—离子渗硫复合处理渗层的摩擦磨损性能 …

研究了Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢离子氮碳共渗－离子渗硫复合处理渗层的摩擦磨损性能,在环－块摩擦磨损试验机上测定复合物渗层与ＧＣｒ１５钢对摩时的摩擦系数,在往复式滑动磨损试验机上进行磨损试验,采用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对磨损表面进行形貌分析,试验结果表明,复合渗层与ＧＣｒ１５钢对摩时的摩擦系数比未处理的Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢与ＧＣｒ１５钢低,由于复合渗层中的氮碳化合物和硫化物降低了摩擦系数和粘关倾向,复合渗层的耐磨性高     

淬火—氮碳共渗复合处理45^#钢的组织结构及摩擦学性能

利用４５＾＃钢研究了氮碳共渗及淬火－氮碳共渗复合处理工艺；通过金相分析、显微硬度测试和Ｘ射线衍射分析，测定了氮碳共渗及淬火－氮碳共渗复合处理所得渗层的表面硬度、显微硬度分布及相结构。利用静－动摩擦系数测定仪及高速环－块磨损试验机对４５＾＃钢经几种工艺处理后的摩擦系数及耐磨性能进行了研究。结果表明：氮碳共渗可明显提高工件的耐磨性能；与氮碳共渗相比，淬火－氮碳共渗复合处理可获得更高的次表层硬度及更好的     

W18Cr4V钢表面离子氮碳共渗-离子渗硫复合处理渗层的摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢离子氮碳共渗－离子渗硫复合处理渗层的摩擦磨损性能．在环－块摩擦磨损试验机上测定复合渗层与ＧＣｒ１５钢对摩时的摩擦系数,在往复式滑动磨损试验机上进行磨损试验．采用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对磨损表面进行形貌分析．试验结果表明：复合渗层与ＧＣｒ１５钢对摩时的摩擦系数比未处理的Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢与ＧＣｒ１５钢的低．由于复合渗层中的氮碳化合物和硫化物降低了摩擦系数和粘着倾向,复合渗层的耐磨性高于未处理的Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢     

纯铜表面双层辉光离子渗钛合金层的摩擦磨损性能

采用双层辉光离子渗金属技术，在纯铜表面形成含钛的合金渗层；采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析磨损表面形貌，并分析了磨损机理．结果表明：纯铜表面经离子渗钛后形成了以金属问化合物Cu4Ti和含钛的α固溶体为主的合金渗层，从而使表面强度提高，磨损性能明显改善；纯铜磨损表面呈撕裂特征，而离子渗钛试样仅发生轻微擦伤．     

20^#钢碳氮共渗表面渗硫层组成和化学状态的AES和XPS研究

对20^#钢进行碳氮共渗,然后在溶液介质中室温下进行电解渗硫处理,采用俄歇电子谱和X射线光电子能谱对硫化层表面及深度成分进行分析。结果表明,硫化固体润滑膜主要由FeS组成,而不含低温电解渗硫处理时形成的亚硫酸亚铁,硫化层的结构比较疏松。     

碳氮共渗表层组织磨损性能的研究

本文就碳氮共渗层中残余奥氏体υ_R及表层黑色组织对磨损性能的影响和机理进行了研究。作者探讨了磨损值与摩擦行程的数学函数关系,並采用筛选检验法对数据进行了数理统计处理,处理结果精度高,可靠性大。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).