垂直于界面V型缺口尖端的应力奇异性及其应用

基于双材料垂直于界面V型缺口理论,给出了单一材料和双材料裂纹问题、V型缺口问题应力强度因子的统一定义,得到了应力外推法计算双材料K_I的公式,数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性.以双材料单向拉伸和三点弯曲模型为对象,深入研究了双材料中弹性模量、泊松比、缺口深度、缺口张角对缺口尖端奇异应力场的影响,获得了一定范围内各种参数变化对缺口尖端奇异应力场的影响规律,为异体材料形成的V型缺口在应力断料中的应用提供了必要的参考依据.     

基于应力比值法的V形切口应力强度因子分析

本文基于有限元分析技术建立了一种应力比值方法,用于计算V形切口的应力强度因子。该方法不需要在V形切口尖端采用反映应力奇异性的奇异单元。求解时,首先给定参考问题的广义应力强度因子,然后利用待求问题的应力值与参考问题的应力值之间的比值来求解待求问题的广义应力强度因子。算例采用切口尖端应力方法分析了平板的V形切口问题。计算结果表明,该方法计算精度较高,能够方便地用于求解相关的工程问题。     

V形切口应力强度因子的一种边界元分析方法

将V形切口结构分成围绕切口尖端的小扇形和剩余结构两部分. 尖端处扇形域应力场表示成关于尖端距离$\rho$的渐近级数展开式,从线弹性理论方程推导出了一组分析平面V形切口奇异性的常微分方程特征值问题,通过求解特征方程,得到前若干个奇性指数和相应的特征向量. 再将切口尖端的位移和应力表示为有限个奇性阶和特征向量的组合. 然后用边界元法分析挖去小扇形后的剩余结构. 将位移和应力的线性组合与边界积分方程联立,求解获得切口根部区域的应力场、应力幅值系数和整体结构的位移和应力. 从而准确计算出平面V形切口的奇异应力场和应力强度因子.      

奇异性法预测粘接厚度对单搭粘接接头失效的影响

通过应力奇异性模型预测了铝5052-铝5052单搭粘接接头初始失效位置的受力情况.与Bogy理论公式相比,应力奇异性有限元模型不但可以很好的确定奇异应力场的形状(应力奇异性指数),且还可以确定奇异应力场的大小(应力强度因子),实现了对单搭粘接接头强度的准确分析和预测.研究结果表明:粘接剂厚度的变化不会影响奇异点应力奇异性指数,但会影响该处应力强度因子,应力强度因子随着粘接剂厚度的增加而增大,应力强度因子越大,粘接界面强度越低,该变化趋势与试验结果相吻合.     

拉伸螺杆半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子

将拉伸螺杆简化为理论应力集中系数Kt不同的带“V”形缺口圆杆,采用裂纹尖端为20节点奇异单元的三维有限元模型,对螺杆半椭圆表面裂纹的应力强度因子进行了计算.给出了具有普遍性意义的螺杆表面裂纹应力强度因子公式.为验证本文计算结果的有效性,还将本文M22×1.5螺杆的应力强度因子计算结果与试验结果进行了对比.     

两相材料V形切口应力强度因子边界元分析

建立了边界元法计算两相材料粘结V形切口奇异应力场的新途径。在V形切口尖端挖出一小扇形,将该扇形弧线边界的位移和面力表示为有限项奇性指数和特征角函数的线性组合,其组合系数即为广义应力强度因子,将该组合回代到在被挖去小扇形后的剩余结构内建立的边界积分方程,离散后可求解出组合系数,获得两相材料粘结V形切口尖端的应力强度因子。算例证明了本文方法的有效性。     

V形切口问题应力强度因子的计算

本文讨论了V形切口问题的特征方程实根数与切口角度的关系;用边界配置法求得了四点剪切V形切口梁复合型应力强度因子的系列结果,并得到了计算K_Ⅰ,K_Ⅱ的经验公式;提出了用边界元法结合边界配置法以及用Muskhelishvili复应力函数法计算V形切口问题应力强度因子的方法,成功地计算了无限域中方孔凹角处的应力强度因子。     

非奇异应力对中央含V形切口试样断裂性能的影响

采用Williams渐近展开式表达V形切口尖端附近区域的位移场和应力场,将其代入弹性力学基本方程中,应力奇异性指数及其对应的位移和应力角函数由求解常微分方程组获得。由于在远离切口尖端的区域无应力奇异性,将切口尖端应力奇异性区域移出后,应用边界元法分析无应力奇异性的剩余结构;将Williams渐近展开式与弹性力学边界积分方程结合,解出切口尖端附近应力奇异性区域的各应力场渐近展开项系数,从而获得切口尖端附近区域的完整应力场;基于此,研究了非奇异应力项对中央含V形切口试样的表观断裂韧度和临界荷载预测值的影响。结果表明:考虑非奇异应力项时,脆性断裂的表观断裂韧度和临界荷载的预测值要比忽略非奇异应力项时的预测值更接近实验值。     

V型缺口裂端的三维应力状态及约束分析

利用三维有限元方法，研究了有限厚度板中V型缺口根部穿透裂纹前沿的三维弹性应力场。对不同厚度、不同缺口张开角和裂纹长度对应力强度因子及裂尖附近的三维约束程度的影响进行了分析，同时还讨论了三维约束区的大小。研究结果显示：当缺口张开角小于60度时，不同缺口的应力强度因子和离面约束因子的分布基本一致，角度的影响不明显。应力强度因子是厚度的函数，板中面的应力强度因子随厚度的增加逐渐减小趋近干平面值，最大为1．08倍的平面值。当板厚超过15倍的缺口深度时，应力强度因子最大值将从中面转移至接近自由表面位置，距中面约0．4倍板厚。三维约束非常明显的区域在裂尖前沿约0.45倍厚度的范围内．二维到三维的过渡区在裂尖前沿1.5倍厚度的区域内；在中面上三维效应影响区最大，随着离中面距离的增加逐渐减小，在自由表面上降为0。     

与界面垂直相交V形切口的边界元分析方法

建立了边界元法计算各向同性结合材料中与界面垂直相交V形切口奇异应力场的分析方法。首先将V形切口尖端附近区域的位移场和应力场用Williams渐近展开式表达,将其代入弹性力学基本方程中,由插值矩阵法获得应力奇异性指数及其对应的位移函数;然后在V形切口尖端区域挖取一个小扇形域,将该扇形区域的位移场表示为有限项奇性指数和特征角函数的线性组合,并对挖去小扇形域后的剩余结构建立边界积分方程;最后将扇形区域位移场表达式和边界积分方程联合求出其切口尖端位移场的组合系数,从而获得各向同性结合材料中与界面垂直相交V形切口尖端的应力强度因子。本文的计算结果与现有结果对比吻合良好,表明了本文方法的有效性。     

METHOD TO CALCULATE STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR OF V-NOTCH IN BI-MATERIALS

Based on Zak＇s stress function, the eigen-equation of stress singularity ofbi-materials with a V-notch was obtained. A new definition of stress intensity factor for a perpendicular interfacial V-notch of bi-material was put forward. The effects of shear modulus and Poisson＇s ratio of the matrix material and attaching material on eigen-values were analyzed. A generalized expression for calculating/（i of the perpendicular V-notch of bi-materials was obtained by means of stress extrapolation. Effects of notch depth, notch angle and Poisson＇s ratio of materials on the singular stress field near the tip of the V-notch were analyzed systematically with numerical simulations. As an example, a finite plate with double edge notches under uniaxial uniform tension was calculated by the method presented and the influence of the notch angle and Poisson＇s ratio on the stress singularity near the tip of notch was obtained.     

A new boundary element approach of modeling singular stress fields of plane V-notch problems

In this paper, a new boundary element (BE) approach is proposed to determine the singular stress field in plane V-notch structures. The method is based on an asymptotic expansion of the stresses in a small region around a notch tip and application of the conventional BE in the remaining region of the structure. The evaluation of stress singularities at a notch tip is transformed into an eigenvalue problem of ordinary differential equations that is solved by the interpolating matrix method in order to obtain singularity orders (degrees) and associated eigen-functions of the V-notch. The combination of the eigen-analysis for the small region and the conventional BE analysis for the remaining part of the structure results in both the singular stress field near the notch tip and the notch stress intensity factors (SIFs).Examples are given for V-notch plates made of isotropic materials. Comparisons and parametric studies on stresses and notch SIFs are carried out for various V-notch plates. The studies show that the new approach is accurate and effective in simulating singular stress fields in V-notch/crack structures.     

Fracture investigation at V-notch tip using coherent gradient sensing (CGS)

Local deformation field and fracture characterization of mode I V-notch tip are studied using coherent gradient sensing (CGS). First, the governing equations that relate to the CGS measurements and the elastic solution at mode I V-notch tip are derived in terms of the stress intensity factor, material constant, notch angle and fringe order. Then, a series of CGS fringe patterns of mode I V-notch are simulated, and the effects of the notch angle on the shape and size of CGS fringe pattern are analyzed. Finally, the local deformation field and fracture characterization of mode I V-notch tip with different V-notch angles are experimentally investigated using three-point-bending specimen via CGS method. The CGS interference fringe patterns obtained from experiments and simulations show a good agreement. The stress intensity factor obtained from CGS measurements shows a good agreement with finite element results under K-dominant assumption.     

Analytical representation of the non-square-root singular stress field at a finite angle sharp notch

The stress field near the tip of a finite angle sharp notch is singular. However, unlike a crack, the order of the singularity at the notch tip is less than one-half. Under tensile loading, such a singularity is characterized by a generalized stress intensity factor which is analogous to the mode I stress intensity factor used in fracture mechanics, but which has order less than one-half. By using a cohesive zone model for a notional crack emanating from the notch tip, we relate the critical value of the generalized stress intensity factor to the fracture toughness. The results show that this relation depends not only on the notch angle, but also on the maximum stress of the cohesive zone model. As expected the dependence on that maximum stress vanishes as the notch angle approaches zero. The results of this analysis compare very well with a numerical (finite element) analysis in the literature. For mixed-mode loading the limits of applicability of using a mode I failure criterion are explored.     

角度非均匀材料平面V形切口应力奇性分析

提出了一种确定角度非均匀材料平面V形切口尖端应力奇性指数的有效方法。首先,在弹性力学基本方程中引入V形切口尖端位移场的级数渐近展开,建立以位移为特征函数的变系数和非线性微分方程组。然后,采用微分求积法(DQM)求解微分方程组,可得到多阶应力奇性指数及其相对应的特征函数,该法具有公式简单、编程方便、计算量少和精度高等优点,可处理任意开口角度和任意材料组合的V形切口。典型算例验证了微分求积法的有效性和精确性。     

扩展边界元法分析切口和裂纹结构应力场的准确性

在线弹性理论中,切口/裂纹结构尖端区域存在奇异应力场,数值方法不易求解。本文建立的扩展边界元法(XBEM)对围绕尖端区域位移函数采用自尖端径向距离 的渐近级数展开式表达,其级数项的幅值系数作为基本未知量,而外部区域采用常规边界元法离散方程。两者方程联立求解可获得切口和裂纹结构完整的位移和应力场。扩展边界元法具有半解析法特征,适用于一般的切口和裂纹结构应力场分析,其解可精细描述从尖端区域到整体结构区域的应力场。作者研制了扩展边界元法程序,文中给出了两个算例,通过计算结果分析,表明扩展边界元法求解切口和裂纹结构应力场的准确性和有效性。     

V形切口的断裂研究

对Ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒ的求解Ｖ形切口应力强度因子的围线积分法作改进，提高了计算精度，减少了计算工作量，在大量有限元计算数据的基础上，本文拟合了远场拉伸单边和双边Ｖ形切口板应力强度因子的计算公式。进一步，结合文献（４）所提出的Ｖ形切口断裂准则，可以方便地对切口试件的断裂载荷进行预测。     

Equivalence of the notch stress intensity factor,tip opening displacement and energy release rate for a sharp V-notch

For an infinite elastic plane with a sharp V-notch under the action of symmetrically loading at infinity, the length of crack initiation ahead of the V-notch’s tip is estimated according to a modified Griffith approach. Applying a new conservation integral to the perfectly plastic strip (Dugdale model) ahead of the V-notch’s tip, the relationship between notch stress intensity factor (NSIF) and notch tip opening displacement (NTOD) is presented. Also, the relationship between NSIF and perfectly plastic strip size (PPSS) is found. Since there are three fracture parameters (NSIF, NTOD, and PPSS) with changeable notch opening angle in two basic relationships, it is necessary to select one critical parameter with changeable notch opening angle or two independent critical parameters, respectively. With the help of a characteristic length, it is found by this new conservation integral that the NSIF, NTOD and energy release rate are equivalent in the case of small-scale yielding. Especially, the characteristic length possesses clear physical meaning and, for example, depends on both the critical NSIF and SIF or both the NTOD and CTOD, respectively, in which SIF and CTOD are from the tip of a crack degenerated from the sharp V-notch. The dependence of NSIF on NTOD and PPSS is presented according to the equivalence, and the critical NSIF depending on the critical NTOD with a notch opening angle is also predicted.