水平悬链线中点集中力作用下的非线性分析及计算

首先,对均布力作用下悬链线理论进行了深入分析研究,推导出求解水平张力单参数和双参数形式的隐含超越方程,在算法上验证了两种方程的等价性。对于悬链线固有的广义倾角、曲率半径、约束反力和水平张力的嵌入关系等给出了具有新意的表达公式。然后,建立了水平悬链线在对称集中力作用下的平衡方程,对于不同垂向集中力作用下水平张力的变化情况和最大垂直距离差所在水平位置随集中力的变化等进行了非线性计算。本文在理论构建和分析方面具有创新性,在理论探索和工程应用上具有重要意义。     

悬链线竖向集中力作用下的构形分析和张力计算

目前,悬链线在竖向集中力和均布荷载共同作用下的构形分析和受力计算的理论仍不完善。针对这一问题,通过引入悬链线的几何约束方程、力平衡方程和超越方程,建立了竖向集中力与均布荷载共同作用下的非线性方程组。采用牛顿迭代法求解方程组,得到了悬链线的构形和受力情况。为了验证理论计算的正确性,进行了算例和试验验证。结果表明,算例的计算结果与文献结论保持一致,试验测得的构形和水平张力大小与理论计算的构形和水平张力大小吻合较好。本文的理论计算可以更加简单精确地计算出悬链线在竖向集中力和均布荷载共同作用下的构形和受力情况,为实际工程提供重要的理论指导。     

竖向集中力作用下水平悬链线构形和张力的计算及试验验证

悬链线理论提出以来,广泛应用于电线架设、桥梁悬索和海洋拖曳等领域。目前,悬链线理论应用中主要是考虑竖向向下荷载及水平荷载作用下的工况,对于竖向向上荷载这一工况的研究却没有。本文基于补充几何假设,使悬链线问题求解更简单。从水平悬链线受均布及竖向向上荷载这一工况出发,建立了竖向集中力和均布荷载共同作用下悬链线所满足的非线性方程组。采用半显示解法对其求解,获得了悬链线构形及线内水平张力随悬链线水平距离、集中力大小和作用位置不同的变化规律;对非线性方程组求导,证明了水平张力取得极小值的条件,并给出悬链线构形对称性所需满足的条件。为了证明理论的正确性,采用不锈钢圆环链条材料进行静力构形及张力测试。结果表明,当竖向向上集中力作用在悬链线中点且大小为悬链线均布荷载的一半时,线内水平张力取得极小值,集中力作用点与悬链线两端点处于同一水平线上,此时悬链线两端水平约束力最小,受力状态最优。     

竖向集中力作用下水平悬链线构形和张力的计算及试验验证

悬链线理论提出以来，广泛应用于电线架设、桥梁悬索和海洋拖曳等领域。目前，悬链线理论应用中主要是考虑竖向向下荷载及水平荷载作用下的工况，对于竖向向上荷载这一工况的研究却没有。本文基于补充几何假设，使悬链线问题求解更简单。从水平悬链线受均布及竖向向上荷载这一工况出发，建立了竖向集中力和均布荷载共同作用下悬链线所满足的非线性方程组。采用半显示解法对其求解，获得了悬链线构形及线内水平张力随悬链线水平距离、集中力大小和作用位置不同的变化规律；对非线性方程组求导，证明了水平张力取得极小值的条件，并给出悬链线构形对称性所需满足的条件。为了证明理论的正确性，采用不锈钢圆环链条材料进行静力构形及张力测试。结果表明，当竖向向上集中力作用在悬链线中点且大小为悬链线均布荷载的一半时，线内水平张力取得极小值，集中力作用点与悬链线两端点处于同一水平线上，此时悬链线两端水平约束力最小，受力状态最优。     

经典悬链线理论精确解与近似解的非线性数值计算

针对经典悬链线数学解中存在两个未知参数,即水平张力h和广义倾角α迄今尚未妥善解决的问题,进行了深入细致的分析。利用悬链线两点边值约束条件和不可拉伸假设,推导出求解隐含独立未知量水平张力的超越方程。引进互逆的无量纲参数求解超越方程中的水平张力,使得水平张力形式上具有最简单的参数依赖关系。探讨了广义倾角β,α和θ与几何参数的相互关系,得出广义倾角α不是独立未知参数的结论。提出了水平距离趋于0和趋于极限距离的各种近似解、在真小数全局计算范围内的近似解以及这些近似解关于精确解的误差程度,其结果在工程上具有应用价值。     

均布压力作用下悬链线波纹壳应力和位移的初参数积分方程分析

本文用初参数积分方程方法，对悬链线波纹壳在均布压力作用下的应力和位移进行了分析，并给出了一个算例。     

有限到无限:基于离散静力平衡推导悬链线方程和梁位移方程

悬链线问题是一类非常经典的力学问题,推导出悬链线方程的方法从静力平衡到变分原理,非常之多。本文基于离散的静力平衡模型,采用从有限到无限的求解方法,建立并求解了悬链线方程。在此基础上,本文进一步建立了含有扭簧作用的离散静力平衡模型,推导并求解梁位移方程。最后在不同参数下求解梁位移方程得到其渐变解,并分析了多种平衡状态的存在情况。     

有限到无限:基于离散静力平衡推导悬链线方程和梁位移方程

悬链线问题是一类非常经典的力学问题,推导出悬链线方程的方法从静力平衡到变分原理,非常之多。本文基于离散的静力平衡模型,采用从有限到无限的求解方法,建立并求解了悬链线方程。在此基础上,本文进一步建立了含有扭簧作用的离散静力平衡模型,推导并求解梁位移方程。最后在不同参数下求解梁位移方程得到其渐变解,并分析了多种平衡状态的存在情况。     

MOTION OF A HANGING CHAIN AFTER AN INITIAL HORIZONTAL IMPACT AT THE FREE END

悬链在自由端受到冲击后的瞬态响应,不仅是一个有趣的数学问题,同时也具有一定的工程意义.在拉格朗日动力学微分方程的理论框架下,引入广义冲量并利用第二类拉格朗日方程对悬链在自由端受水平冲击力后的动力学响应进行了分析,得到了计算每节链段角速度的统一公式. 应用该公式能够方便地求解不同初始条件下具有较多链段数目的悬链在冲击作用下的瞬态响应问题.     

非滑移刚度理论下的空缆线形半解析算法

为设计阶段更简洁和准确地计算悬索桥空缆线形，提出了一种锚跨水平张力-预偏量-修正水平力迭代过程的非滑移刚度理论计算方法。基于分段悬链线理论，探讨了空缆线形计算存在的三种不同情况，并以此为计算思路。在任一锚跨水平张力作用下，考虑鞍座对空缆线形的影响，以各跨无应力索长不变与鞍座两侧的力或力矩平衡为准则，推导了各跨左右鞍槽接触段和悬空段的内力与线形平衡方程，以及迭代过程中待求参数之间的影响矩阵及修正方法，以右边塔索鞍处不动点里程坐标误差为收敛条件，采用了二分法迭代出理论的左锚跨水平张力，进而得到空缆状态下各索鞍的预偏量以及各跨索段内力与线形。通过算例比对，验证了本文方法的可靠性。结果表明，在成桥状态下结构参数已知的基础上，仅需求解左锚跨水平张力一个变量参数，即可得到各跨索股线形与内力以及鞍座预偏量。相比传统的滑移刚度理论方法，本文方法迭代过程方便简洁，易收敛且精度高，无需往复固定或释放一个鞍座约束进行迭代求解，提高了计算效率，适用于任意跨对称或非对称空缆线形的计算。     

A finite element study of the deformations, forces, stress formations, and energy losses in sliding cylindrical contacts

This work presents the results of a finite element analysis (FEA) used to simulate two-dimensional (2D) sliding between two interfering elasto-plastic cylinders. The material for the cylinders is modeled as elastic-perfectly plastic and follows the von Mises yield criterion. The FEA provides trends in the deformations, reaction forces, stresses, and net energy losses as a function of the interference and sliding distance between the cylinders. Results are presented for both frictionless and frictional sliding and comparisons are drawn. The effects of plasticity and friction on energy loss during sliding are isolated. This work also presents empirical equations thatt relate the net energy loss due to sliding under an elasto-plastic deformation as a function of the sliding distance. Contour plots of the von Mises stresses are presented to show the formation and distribution of stresses with increasing plastic deformation as sliding progresses. This work shows that for the plastic loading cases the ratio of the horizontal force to the vertical reaction force is non-zero at the point where the cylinders are perfectly aligned about the vertical axis. In addition, a “load ratio” of the horizontal tugging force to the vertical reaction force is defined. Although this is analogous to the common definition of the coefficient of friction between sliding surfaces, it just contains the effect of energy loss in plasticity. The values of the contact half-width are obtained for different vertical interferences as sliding progresses.     

水下悬浮隧道锚索的动力分析

将悬浮隧道的锚索简化为受张力的梁,利用动力学方程和Morison方程,建立了锚索涡激振动方程,计算并讨论了锚索倾角、张力和长度的改变对其最大动剪力和最大动弯矩的影响.计算结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,锚索初张力和垂直深度的减小将引起其最大动剪力和最大动弯矩的增加,而锚索倾角的减小将引起其最大动剪力和最大动弯矩的减小;锚索的一阶固有频率与其初张力和倾角成正比例关系,与其垂直深度则成反比例关系.     

具有水平摩阻力的弹性地基上双层叠合梁的解

将双层叠合梁之间的接触状况拟合为一符合Goodman假设的弹性夹层, 并对 Winkler地基模型加以推广, 把地基视为具有水平和竖向反力的弹性支承体, 进而, 导出 具有水平摩阻力的弹性地基上双层叠合梁的微分方程组及其解析解. 随后, 提出了考虑梁截 面竖向拉压和水平剪切效应的夹层和地基广义反应模量的概念和计算式. 最后, 通过几个算 例来考察地基水平摩阻力对叠合梁挠度、截面总弯矩力和最大弯拉应力的影响. 结果表明, 地基水平摩阻力的影响将不能被忽略.     

Free convection from an arbitrarily inclined plate in a porous medium

A mathematical model for the flow and heat transfer in the free convection from an arbitrary inclined isothermal flat plate embedded in a porous medium is presented, in which the Darcy–Boussinesq approximation is adopted to account for bouyancy force. A novel inclination parameter ξ is proposed such that all cases of the horizontal, inclined and vertical plates can be described by a single set of transformed boundary layer equations. Moreover, the similarity equations for the limiting cases of the horizontal and vertical plates are recovered from the transformed equations by setting ξ=0 and ξ=1, respectively. Detailed results for the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number as well as for the dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles are presented for a wide range of the parameter ξ. A comparison with similarity solution shows excellent agreement.     

Dynamics of an Elastic Cable Carrying a Moving Mass Particle

The dynamic behavior of an elastic catenary cable due to a moving mass alongits length is investigated. The equations of motions are derived using theHamilton's principle for general supports that include the horizontal andinclined cables with small and large sags and for variable velocity of themoving mass. Those equations of motions are in general nonlinear partialdifferential equations due to the initial curvature of the cable. Theequations are also complex due to the presence of three different types ofaccelerations of the moving mass. Those are the normal, Coriolis andcentrifugal accelerations. Therefore, we used the Galerkin procedure withsine function (Fourier representation) and anti-derivative functions of thecompactly supported wavelets as trial basis and used direct integrationmethods to integrate the discretized equations of motions. Newton–Raphsonmethod is used for iterations. Several examples are studied and the resultsas obtained by Fourier and wavelet representations are compared. Because ofthe localization feature, wavelets are proven to minimize the spuriousoscillations specially those appearing in the cable tension.     

Equilibrium of a Prestressed Strip Reinforced with Elastic Plates

The contact problem for a prestressed elastic strip reinforced with equally spaced elastic plates is considered. The Fourier integral transform is used to construct an influence function of a unit concentrated force acting on the infinite elastic strip with one edge constrained. The transmission of forces from the thin elastic plates to the prestressed strip is analyzed. On the assumption that the beam bending model and the uniaxial stress model are valid for an elastic plate subjected to both vertical and horizontal forces, the problem is mathematically formulated as a system of integro-differential equations for unknown contact stresses. This system is reduced to an infinite system of algebraic equations solved by the reduction method. The effect of the initial stresses on the distribution of contact forces in the strip under tension and compression is studied     

A general analytic solution for plane strain bending under tension for strain-hardening material at large strains

A new analytic solution for plane strain bending under tension of a sheet is proposed for elastic-plastic, isotropic, incompressible, strain-hardening material at large strains. Numerical treatment is only necessary to calculate ordinary integrals and solve transcendental equations. No restriction is imposed on the hardening law. All governing equations and boundary conditions are exactly satisfied. The only exception is that the actual stress distribution over the ends of the sheet is replaced with a concentrated force and a concentrated bending moment. The through-thickness distribution of residual stresses and a measure of springback are also found. The range of validity of the solution is determined. An illustrative example is provided for Swift’s hardening law.