The wave and vibratory power transmission in a finite L-shaped Mindlin plate with two simply supported opposite edges

In this paper,wave and vibratory power transmission in a finite L-shaped Mindlin plate with two simply supported opposite edges are investigated using the wave approach.The dynamic responses,active and reactive power flow in the finite plate are calculated by the Mindlin plate theory (MPT) and classic plate theory (CPT).To satisfy the boundary conditions and continuous conditions at the coupled junction of the finite L-shaped plate,the near-field and far-field waves are entirely contained in the wave approach.The in-plane longitudinal and shear waves are also considered.The results indicate that the vibratory power flow based on the MPT is different from that based on the CPT not only at high frequencies but also at low and medium frequencies.The influence of the plate thickness on the vibrational power flow is investigated.From the results it is seen that the shear and rotary inertia correction of the MPT can influence the active and reactive power at the junction of the L-shaped plate not only at high frequencies but also at low and medium frequencies.Furthermore,the effects of structural damping on the active and reactive power flow at the junction are also analyzed.     

阶梯压电层合梁的波动动力学特性

采用行波理论系统地研究了压电阶梯梁的自由振动分析以及强迫响应的分析方法. 基于分布 参数理论研究了压电阶梯梁的波传播特性，忽略柔性梁横向剪切和转动惯量的影响，给出了 梁的轴向和横向的简谐波解. 将压电阶梯梁离散化为单元，考虑压电片的刚度和质量的影响， 建立了节点散射模型. 应用位移连续和力平衡条件，推导了节点的波反射和波传递矩阵，在 此基础上，引入波循环矩阵的概念，给出波循环矩阵、波传递系数矩阵的确定方法. 应用波 循环矩阵可以有效地计算结构的固有频率. 另外，应用波传递系数研究了压电陶瓷作动器位 置对其驱动能力的影响. 得出两个主要结论：1)作动器靠近悬臂梁固定端将有较强的驱动 能力，悬臂梁边界反射行波产生弯曲消失波有利于增大压电波的模态传递系数；2)模态传 递系数与固有频率的灵敏度密切相关，波传递系数越大, 对应该处固有频率变化灵敏度越大. 另外，数值算例表明了行波方法比有限元方法具有更高的计算精度.     

欧拉-伯努利梁运动场的正交性及其能量传导特性分析

从无阻尼欧拉—伯努利梁振动方程解析解出发, 推导了有限长梁的关于谱系数的时间—空间平均能量和功率流表达式. 在此基础上, 从泛函分析观点, 探讨了弯曲运动场: 衰减振动、行波模式分解关于能量、功率泛函的正交性. 结果表明: 弯曲衰减振动模式和行波模式关于功率流、机械能时间—空间平均是相互独立的, 即关于场能和场功率互不干涉, 满足叠加原理; 衰减振动场导能与行波场导能的重要区别在于功率流关于右、左衰振动模式分解不满足叠加原理, 即弯曲衰减振动场间的相互"干涉"是使其具有能量传导能力的内在原因. 通过右端集中阻尼器支撑的梁的稳态功率流仿真分析计算, 表明低频区振动导能不可忽略, 同时, 衰减振动场和行波场间存在一定的能量交换现象, 但随着频率升高, 振动场传导能量不断下降, 同时能量传导效率也不断下降.      

两端铰接的细长柔性圆柱体涡激振动响应特性数值研究

目前细长柔性圆柱体涡激振动响应的研究方法主要包括实验方法、计算流体动力学方法以及半经验模型方法. 鉴于实验方法研究成本较高、计算流体动力学方法计算时间较长,本文基于尾流振子模型对线性剪切来流下两端铰接的细长柔性圆柱体涡激振动响应特性进行了半经验模型方法研究. 先建立了柔性圆柱体结构振子以及尾流振子之间的耦合模型,紧接着基于二阶精度中心差分格式对耦合模型先离散后迭代进行求解. 对不同剪切参数下柔性圆柱体涡激振动响应的振动波长、振动频率、振动位移以及响应频率随时间的变化特性等参数进行了分析. 分析结果表明:圆柱体的涡激振动响应由驻波和行波混合组成. 当无量纲弯曲刚度较小时,在圆柱体两端附近,驻波占主导;而在圆柱体中间段附近,行波占主导. 当无量纲弯曲刚度较大时,在圆柱体整个长度区间上均为驻波占主导. 随着剪切参数的增大,振动位移以及振动波长均逐渐减小,而振动频率和频率带宽均逐渐增大.      

Active control of structural acoustic pressure in a rectangular cavity using piezoelectric actuators

Active control of structural acoustic pressure in a rectangular cavity with a flexible beam is simulated numerically. The wave equation of the acoustic pressure and the equation of motion of the beam are approximated via the series expansions, and is then expressed in state space form. The control of structural acoustic pressure and vibration of the beam was implemented by applying the optimal voltage on piezoelectric actuators through an LQR controller. Two cases of different external forces acting on the piezoelectric laminated beam are illustrated. Results demonstrate that such a control system can efficiently reduce the structural acoustic pressure.     

Numerical analysis on the propulsive performance and vortex shedding of fish‐like travelling wavy plate

Numerical analysis is carried out to investigate viscous flow over a travelling wavy plate undergoing lateral motion in the form of a streamwise travelling wave, which is similar to the backbone undulation of swimming fish. The two‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved using the finite element technique with the deforming‐spatial‐domain/stabilized space–time formulation. The objective of this study is to elucidate hydrodynamic features of flow structure and vortex shedding near the travelling wavy plate and to get into physical insights to the understanding of fish‐like swimming mechanisms in terms of drag reduction and optimal propulsive performance. The effects of some typical parameters, including the phase speed, amplitude, and relative wavelength of travelling wavy plate, on the flow structures, the forces, and the power consumption required for the propulsive motion of the plate are analysed. These results predicted by the present numerical analysis are well consistent with the available data obtained for the wave‐like swimming motion of live fish in nature. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Early short time transient response of finite L-shaped Mindlin plate

The early short time transient response of an L-shaped plate is investigated by the method of reverberation ray matrix (MRRM) and the generalized ray method (GRM). The MRRM and GRM have been successfully used to study the transient elastic wave transmitting in the beams, planar trusses, space frames and infinite layered media. In the present paper, these two methods are extended to investigate the flexural wave propagation in a finite L-shaped Mindlin plate. The reverberation-ray matrix representing the multi-reflected and scattered waves in the L-shaped plate is presented. The rays in the GRM propagating in the L-shaped plate are determined by the shock source and the boundary conditions. From the numerical results, it indicates that the early short time transient responses of L-shaped plate calculated by the MRRM are the same as those by the GRM. The early short time transient acceleration responses are very large, while the early short time transient displacement responses are very small for the L-shaped plate subjected to the unit impulse. Furthermore, the effects of the different shock signals and the plate thickness on the early short time transient responses of the finite L-shaped Mindlin plates are also analyzed.     

航行体水下发射流固耦合效应分析

对于水下发射过程来说,掌握水动力载荷形成机理与结构响应特征是一个亟待解决的问题.研究该问题需要考虑含相变的复杂多相流动,变约束的结构运动以及这二者之间的耦合效应.本文采用松耦合的方法,以流体求解器为主体,将自编的固体结构程序接入流体求解器中,在每个时间步长内分别对流体动力学方程和固体结构动力学方程进行求解,通过流固界面之间的数据交换实现耦合计算.其中,流体求解器基于雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯方程,采用单流体模型处理多相流问题,引入空化模型描述空化相变,采用修正的湍流模型模拟混合物的湍流效应,并采用动网格技术处理移动边界问题.航行体的刚体运动和结构振动分开求解.结构求解器采用等效梁模型描述结构的振动,通过坐标变换给出了随体坐标系下的结构振动方程,求解方法采用时域积分法.所建立的流固耦合方法不仅能够捕捉到自然空化的演化情况,还可获得航行体所受水动力、结构振动响应以及截面的弯矩,获得了实验的验证.基于该方法研究了结构刚度、发射速度对空泡溃灭与结构振动耦合效应的影响规律.结果表明,同步溃灭是影响结构载荷的主要因素,包括溃灭压力幅值,溃灭压力作用位置,以及溃灭压力与结构振动的相位关系.     

基于波动法的框式结构功率流主动控制方法与实验研究

为了研究扰动影响下框式结构中的功率流传播与主动控制,首先采用波动方法建立了框式结构的动力学模型并获得了其在扰动下的精确动力学响应,进一步得到结构中传播的功率流,并以此为目标函数,优化得到了最优控制力的大小与相位,然后对结构施加最优控制力,实现了框式结构的功率流主动控制。对框式结构功率流主动控制方法进行了数值计算分析与实验验证。结果表明：采用波动方法计算框式结构的动力学响应精确可靠;通过数值计算与实验研究可知功率流主动控制可以明显降低框式结构全频域内的抖动,验证了基于波动方法功率流主动控制的正确性与有效性。     

Chaotic vibrations of a post-buckled L-shaped beam with an axial constraint

Analytical results are presented on chaotic vibrations of a post-buckled L-shaped beam with an axial constraint. The L-shaped beam is composed of two beams which are a horizontal beam and a vertical beam. The two beams are firmly connected with a right angle at each end. The beams joint with the right angle is attached to a linear spring. The other ends are firmly clamped for displacement. The L-shaped beam is compressed horizontally via the spring at the beams joint. The L-shaped beam deforms to a post-buckled configuration. Boundary conditions are required with geometrical continuity of displacements and dynamical equilibrium with axial force, bending moment, and share force, respectively. In the analysis, the mode shape function proposed by the senior author is introduced. The coefficients of the mode shape function are fixed to satisfy boundary conditions of displacements and linearized equilibrium conditions of force and moment. Assuming responses of the beam with the sum of the mode shape function, then applying the modified Galerkin procedure to the governing equations, a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is obtained in a multiple-degree-of-freedom system. Nonlinear responses of the beam are calculated under periodic lateral acceleration. Nonlinear frequency response curves are computed with the harmonic balance method in a wide range of excitation frequency. Chaotic vibrations are obtained with the numerical integration in a specific frequency region. The chaotic responses are investigated with the Fourier spectra, the Poincaré projections, the maximum Lyapunov exponents and the Lyapunov dimension. Applying the procedure of the proper orthogonal decomposition to the chaotic responses, contribution of vibration modes to the chaotic responses is confirmed. The following results have been found: The chaotic responses are generated with the ultra-subharmonic resonant response of the two-third order corresponding to the lowest mode of vibration. The Lyapunov dimension shows that three modes of vibration contribute to the chaotic vibrations predominantly. The results of proper orthogonal decomposition confirm that the three modes contribute to the chaos, which are the first, second, and third modes of vibration. Moreover, the results of the proper orthogonal decomposition are evaluated with velocity which is equivalent to kinetic energy. Higher modes of vibration show larger contribution to the chaotic responses, even though the first mode of vibration has the largest contribution ratio.     

梁柱简化模型在自立塔塔线体系动态响应中的适用性研究

对输电塔进行合理简化可以提高塔线体系动力学仿真的效率。本文给出自立塔梁柱简化模型的计算方法，并提出利用梁柱简化模型计算方法建立自立塔塔线体系整体模型，同时采用桁梁混合模型建立精细化塔线体系整体模型，对两种模型塔线体系静力特性及振型和固有频率等动力特性进行对比分析。以脱冰工况为例，采用生死单元技术将施加在输电线节点上的集中质量单元杀死来模拟脱冰，实现对塔线体系动力学响应的有限元模拟，研究塔线体系简化模型在动态响应中的适用性。结果表明，两种模型弯曲变形误差小，低阶的振型相同，固有频率值误差小，动力特性基本相同；脱冰工况下，自立塔节点位移和塔材内力时程曲线一致，在提高计算效率的情况下，能有效保证计算精度。     

Dynamics of trains and train-like articulated systems travelling in confined fluid—Part 2: Wave propagation and flow-excited vibration

Wave propagation and response of a train of flexibly interconnected rigid cars travelling in a confined cylindrical “tunnel” subjected to fluid dynamic forces are studied theoretically. For the wave propagation analysis, an infinite-length train represented by a lumped-parameter Timoshenko-beam (LTB) model is employed. The train response is simulated using a travelling sinusoidal aerodynamic force that mimics the features obtained during running experiments on real trains. In addition, the response of the system is examined when the velocity of the force approaches the minimum phase velocity of a travelling wave in the train. The principal aim of this study is to investigate the effect of aerodynamic forces on the dynamics of a high-speed train running in a tunnel, or more generally of a train-like system travelling in a coaxial cylindrical tube. The results of this study show that: (a) when aerodynamic forces act on a train, the frequency bands of the dispersion relation of wave propagation shift, and thus no classical normal modes (standing wave solutions) exist in the system; (b) the wavelength of the travelling sinusoidal force controls the phase differences between cars in the train; and (c) the response of the train can be considerably amplified when the speed of the travelling force coincides with the minimum phase velocity of travelling waves in the train.     

压电智能梁振动控制的优化设计

本文研究了压电智能梁振动控制中压电传感作动元件的优化设计,并考虑了控制增益和结构阻尼的影响。采用负速度反馈控制策略及等效阻尼比优化准则。对简支梁和悬臂梁采用遍历搜索的方法计算了不同增益和结构阻尼下的优化,结果对进一步研究优化设计和振动控制有一定的参考价值。     

Random energy flow analysis of coupled beam structures and its correlation with SEA

Energy flow analysis (EFA) method is a vibration simulation tool developed for structures under single-frequency excitation. The work described in this paper aims to extend the application of EFA to situations where structures are subject to random broadband excitations. The proposed energy formulation for beam structures under random excitations, which is based on conventional EFA, is referred to as random EFA. Due to the new capability of random EFA, a comprehensive relationship between random EFA and the widely used statistical energy analysis (SEA) method in modeling energy response as well as power flow is established. Both random EFA and SEA are utilized to model the vibration behavior of a complex planar frame structure on which random broadband forces are applied. Good correlation between energy as well as power flow solutions is demonstrated between the two methods for beam members in close proximity to the external excitations, which validates the random EFA development.     

压电智能环形板的主动控制

对在不同位置粘有任意多组压电传感器和压电执行器的轴对称弹性环形薄板的振动控制进行了研究．根据压电执行元件的等效作用量得到了压电智能环板的振动控制方程和传感方程,再利用分离变量法以及由传感器测得的电量和作用在执行器上电压之间的控制模式得到振动方程的全解．实行了对整体结构的主动控制．对不同的压电片布置进行了数值计算．结果表明：当离散分布压电元件布置越密,振动衰减的效果越佳     

Finite versus small strain discrete dislocation analysis of cantilever bending of single crystals

Plastic size effects in single crystals are investi-gated by using finite strain and small strain discrete dislo-cation plasticity to analyse the response of cantilever beam specimens. Crystals with both one and two active slip sys-tems are analysed, as well as specimens with different beam aspect ratios. Over the range of specimen sizes analysed here, the bending stress versus applied tip displacement response has a strong hardening plastic component. This hardening rate increases with decreasing specimen size. The hardening rates are slightly lower when the finite strain discrete disloca-tion plasticity (DDP) formulation is employed as curving of the slip planes is accounted for in the finite strain formulation. This relaxes the back-stresses in the dislocation pile-ups and thereby reduces the hardening rate. Our calculations show that in line with the pure bending case, the bending stress in cantilever bending displays a plastic size dependence. How-ever, unlike pure bending, the bending flow strength of the larger aspect ratio cantilever beams is appreciably smaller. This is attributed to the fact that for the same applied bend-ing stress, longer beams have lower shear forces acting upon them and this results in a lower density of statistically stored dislocations.     

Stabilization of a laminar boundary layer by an active surface-localized action

A method for rapidly damping instability waves is proposed as a means of actively controlling a perturbed gas boundary layer flow. The method is based on the use of an active body surface segment which reacts to an instantaneous local pressure variation by producing a proportional local wall displacement normal to the surface with a constant time lag calculated to result in the optimal suppression of unstable disturbances. It is shown that in the one-frequency case the wave number spectrum of the optimal control law contains multiple eigenvalues. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated over a wide range of variation of the instability wave frequencies and directions. The propagation of an instability wave over an active segment of finite length is calculated using an integral-equation method based on solving the problem of boundary layer flow receptivity to surface vibration. Explicit formulas describing the process of scattering of the instability wave into stable modes at the junction point of the rigid and active surfaces are obtained using the Fourier method and the integral Cauchy theorem.     

基于能量准则的板振动控制的LQR法

针对压电层合结构振动的主动控制问题，为了优化控制效果，本文基于现代控制理论提出了选用结构振动能量和控制信号能量作为控制目标函数的LQR法。首先，按能量准则推导了控制目标函数中权系数矩阵(Q矩阵和R矩阵)的理论计算公式，为权系数矩阵的选取提供了一定的理论依据。然后，运用该算法，分析了压电层合板受到初始位移激励和冲击载荷作用下的控制过程，用Matlab进行系统仿真，得到了板中心点的位移和控制电压大小随时间变化的曲线。数值模拟的结果表明，该方法能达到更有效控制结构振动和减小控制能量消耗的目的，与一般的LQR控制方法相比，能满足系统多方面的设计要求且控制效果更优，从而验证了该LQR方法运用到结构振动主动控制中的可行性。     

适用于几何非线性气动弹性分析的结构动力学降阶模型方法研究

几何非线性是壁板颤振和大展弦比机翼气动弹性等问题的一个主要特征,在进行数值仿真分析时往往需要采用商业非线性有限元求解器,存在计算量大和耦合迭代策略不易控制等问题。本文发展了一种适用于几何非线性的结构动力学降阶模型(CSD-ROM),利用广义坐标的非线性多项式表征非线性内力,采用参数识别方法获取多项式系数,并通过增加额外的线性模态来改善模型预测精度。基于此方法,分别针对壁板颤振、切尖三角翼的CFD/CSD-ROM非线性颤振问题开展了时域响应分析。计算结果表明,通过CSD-ROM计算出的壁板颤振速度为590 m/s,颤振频率为174 Hz,与有限元结果误差分别为0.8%和1.7%。马赫数0.879时切尖三角翼的颤振动压预测结果为2.25 psi,与非线性有限元相比的误差为3.8%。本文采用的非线性和线性模态基底组合方法,在保证计算精度的基础上可有效降低训练样本数量,一定程度上可替代非线性有限元开展气动弹性分析。     

The stability of travelling waves induced by crossed electric and magnetic fields in nematic liquid crystals

A theoretical study is carried out into the stability of travelling wave solutions to an approximate dynamic equation for the problem in which a nematic liquid crystal is subjected to crossed electric and magnetic fields. The authors recently found three types of travelling wave solutions for this problem [2], each characterised by the control parameter which describes the relationship between the magnitudes of the fields and their crossed angle. Two types of stability are ex amined: the first considers perturbations which vanish outside some finite interval in the moving coordinate of the travelling wave, while the second considers quite general perturbations belonging to a weighted space, the weighting function being determined by the particular solution and the control parameter . When the first type of stability occurs, perturbations decay to zero as time increases. In the second type of stability perturbations may eith er decay to zero or induce a small phase shift to the original travelling wave. Both these versions of stability depend crucially on and on the type of travelling wave solution being considered. Received April 15, 1997