PROMOTING TEACHING BY USING COMPETITION PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING MECHANICS TEACHING1)

本文提出以课堂教学为载体,强化力学竞赛试题在培养学生创新思维能力和力学建模能力的作用,激发学生学习工程力学课程兴趣的教学改革思路和方法。通过调整教学例题内容、增加例题的趣味性、强化力学建模训练以及增强定性分析意识,有效解决了力学竞赛培训中遇到的问题。实践证明,"以赛促教"教学模式可有效激发学生学习工程力学的热情,有助于掌握课程的核心内容及其工程应用。     

“以赛促教”模式在工程力学课程教学中的应用

本文提出以课堂教学为载体,强化力学竞赛试题在培养学生创新思维能力和力学建模能力的作用,激发学生学习工程力学课程兴趣的教学改革思路和方法。通过调整教学例题内容、增加例题的趣味性、强化力学建模训练以及增强定性分析意识,有效解决了力学竞赛培训中遇到的问题。实践证明,"以赛促教"教学模式可有效激发学生学习工程力学的热情,有助于掌握课程的核心内容及其工程应用。     

方法论在理论力学课程教学中的应用

针对理论力学课程内容多,学生不易掌握的特点,将科学方法论中的一些方法引入到理论力 学课程教学之中. 经过对几届学生的教学实践表明：学生们不仅能够掌握该课程的内容,而 且又学到了科学方法. 掌握了方法论的方法,这对学生今后学习新知识、新技能和培养学生 独立思考解决问题以及创新能力很有益处.     

弹性力学的三段式教学方法

提出了弹性力学三段式教学方法,即围绕每一知识点,按照工程背景、数理基础、力学原理进行划分,在教学实施中遵循先工程,后数理,再力学的讲解顺序.工程背景可与材料力学知识点进行衔接;数理基础与高等数学、解析几何等数理课程衔接,实现知识点的迁移教学;最后利用力学原理构建弹性力学的基本理论.以弹性力学中平衡方程的讲解为例,阐述了三段式教学方法的实施过程.该方法对降低学生学习弹性力学中的畏难情绪,提高学习信心有一定的积极作用.     

A three stages teaching method of elastic mechanics course

提出了弹性力学三段式教学方法,即围绕每一知识点,按照工程背景、数理基础、力学原理进行划分,在教学实施中遵循先工程,后数理,再力学的讲解顺序. 工程背景可与材料力学知识点进行衔接;数理基础与高等数学、解析几何等数理课程衔接,实现知识点的迁移教学;最后利用力学原理构建弹性力学的基本理论. 以弹性力学中平衡方程的讲解为例,阐述了三段式教学方法的实施过程. 该方法对降低学生学习弹性力学中的畏难情绪,提高学习信心有一定的积极作用.     

强化学生力学建模能力的几点思考

本文提出了以培养力学建模能力为载体, 强化力学思维方式的教学思想. 重点以固体力学主干课程为基础分析和讨论了力学模型的概念和要点, 强调了力学基本量和基本原理学习的重要性, 并对力学模型的建模方法、分类、基本原则进行了讨论. 通过理论力学和材料力学的典型例题分析, 举例说明了建模步骤. 最后, 对如何在教学中培养学生力学建模能力、学习要点、学习方法进行了探讨.     

STUDY ON TEACHING SYSTEM OF THEORETICAL MECHANICS ORIENTED BY THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY

在以创新能力培养为导向的高校理论力学教学体系中,应以逻辑方法为基础,在课程教学中强调科学方法论的作用,提高学生综合分析问题的能力.同时,辅以积极心理学的教育理论,结合教学实践,在课堂教学中注重培养学生健全的人格,鼓励学生的主观创新精神,最终实现其创新能力的全面发展与提高.     

以创新能力培养为导向的理论力学教学体系探索

在以创新能力培养为导向的高校理论力学教学体系中,应以逻辑方法为基础,在课程教学中强调科学方法论的作用,提高学生综合分析问题的能力.同时,辅以积极心理学的教育理论,结合教学实践,在课堂教学中注重培养学生健全的人格,鼓励学生的主观创新精神,最终实现其创新能力的全面发展与提高.     

理论力学研究导向型教学方法探索与实践

基于“创新性、高阶性和挑战度”的教学理念，提出了理论力学课程的研究导向型教学方法。通过引入工程实际的例题、科技前沿及大国工程等案例，培养学生力学建模、分析实际问题的能力以及家国情怀和崇高的价值理念；通过翻转课堂，调动学生的学习积极性；通过课程小论文的研究，培养学生的批判性思维及查阅文献、力学建模、创新性设计和研究复杂工程问题的能力。实践结果表明，学生的学习积极性、翻转课堂参与度及课程的教学效果得到了有效提高。     

对学生进行科学方法教学的几点体会——在理论力学教学中

在理论力学教学中,除讲授基本课程内容外,还对学生进行一些科学、方法的教学,让学生学习和掌握一定的科学方法,不仅可以加深对课程内容的理解和掌握,对培养分析问题和解决问题的能力和走向工作岗位后继续提高都具有重要意义.本文介绍了作者在理论力学教学中进行科学方法教学的体会.     

大学物理《力学》中的自由度分析

对《力学》中的物体自由度进行多方面分析,以深化教学、提高学生正 确分析物理问题的能力.使用实际教学分析的研究方法,在《力学》范围内讨论自由度与坐标、 自由与约束的关系并得以下结论: (1) 同一物体的自由度随其所在的``空间'不同而不同, 不因坐标系的选取不同而 异, 在同类参考系中不因参考系的动静而有别;(2)自由度遵循叠加原理. 讨论了质点系的总自由度及相关计算问题,并指出研究《力学》中自由度的意义.     

Development and design of new methods of measurement of state of strain of structures

The present paper deals with development and design of new methods utilizing Wiedemann's effect for determination of state of strain in building structures. Wiedemann's effect and some features of torsional strain of magnetic field are the basis of new experimental method. Especially the point electromagnetic strain gages using the effect of pure torsion of electromagnetic field to enable universal examination. For strain-gage measurements, almost all physical quantities are used which can be related to the variation in length of the structures. From the electric strain measurements, the most commonly used methods are the measurements by resonance-wire strain gages or by electric-resistance strain gages. In this paper, electromagnetic strain gages are discussed using the Wiedemann effect, and the author describes some new measuring equipment and his own suggestions and methods based on an application of this effect.     

Calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of arrays of profiles of arbitrary shape

It is well known that the problem on nonseparating potential flow of an incompressible fluid about an array of profiles reduces to an integral equation for a certain real function, determined on the contours of the profiles of the array. As such a function one can take, as was done, for instance, in [1–5], the relative velocity of the fluid on the profiles of the array. For arrays of profiles of arbitrary shape it is necessary to solve the corresponding integral equation numerically. In the particular examples of the calculation of aerodynamic arrays that are available [1–3] the numerical methods used were based on the approximate evaluation of contour integrals by rectangle formulas. As investigations showed, sizeable errors arose thereby in the approximate solution obtained, these being especially significant in the case of curved profiles of relatively small bulk. In the present paper a method for the numerical solution of the integral equation obtained in [5] is proposed. The method is based on the replacement of a profile of the array with an inscribed N polygon, the length of whose sides is of the order N^–1 and whose internal angles are close to . Convergence with increasing N of the numerical solution to an exact solution of the integral equations at the reference points is demonstrated. Examples of the calculation are given.Novosibirsk. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 105–112, March–April, 1972.     

Method of constructing estimates of the solution of equations of filtration of an aerated liquid

The exact solutions of the nonlinear equations of filtration of an aerated liquid have been obtained in [1–3]. In [4] the system of equations of an aerated liquid have been reduced to the heat-conduction equation under certain assumptions. An approximate method of computing the nonsteady flow of an aerated liquid is given in [5], where the real flow pattern is replaced by a computational scheme of successive change of stationary states. In [6] the same problem is solved by the method of averaging. In the present article estimates of the solution of the equations for nonstationary filtration of an aerated liquid in one-dimensional layer are constructed under certain conditions imposed on the desired functions. These estimates can be used as approximate solutions with known error or for the verification of the accuracy of different approximate methods. We note that the use of comparison theorem for the estimate of solutions of equations of nonlinear filtration is discussed in [7–9]. The methods of constructing estimates of solutions of various problems of heat conduction are given in [10, 11]