A fast and reliable overset unstructured grids approach

A cell-centred overset unstructured grids approach is developed.In this approach,the intergrid boundary is initially established based on the wall distance from the cell centre,and is then optimized.To accelerate the intergrid-boundary definition much more,a neighbor-toneighbor donor search algorithm based on advancing-front method is modified with the help of minimum cuboid boxes.To simplify the communications between different grid cell types and to obtain second-order spatial accuracy,a new interpolation method is constructed based on linear reconstruction,which employs only one layer of fringe cells along the intergrid boundary.For unsteady flows with relative motion,the intergrid boundary can be redefined fast and automatically.Several numerical results show that the present dynamic overset unstructured grids approach is accurate and reliable.     

THE METHOD OF COMPOSITE EXPANSIONS APPLIED TO BOUNDARY LAYER PROBLEMS IN SYMMETRIC BENDING OF THE SPHERICAL SHELLS

In this paper,the method of composite expansions which was proposed by W.Z.Chien(1948)is extended to investigate two-parameter boundary layer problems.For the problems of symmetric deformations of the spherical shells under the action of uniformly distribution load q,its nonlinear equilibrium equations can be written as follows:where εand δare undetermined parameters.If δ=1 and εis a small parameter,the above-mentioned problem is called first boundary layer problem;if εis a small parameter,and δis a small parameter,too,the above-mentioned problem is called second boundary layer problem.For the above-mentioned problems,however,we assume that the constants ε,δand p satisfy the following equation:In defining this condition by using the extended method of composite expansions,we find the asymptotic solution of the above-mentioned problems with the clamped boundary conditions.     

High accuracy non-equidistant method for singular perturbation reaction-diffusion problem

Singular perturbation reaction-diffusion problem with Dirichlet boundary condition is considered. It is a multi-scale problem. Presence of small parameter leads to boundary layer phenomena in both sides of the region. A non-equidistant finite difference method is presented according to the property of boundary layer. The region is divided into an inner boundary layer region and an outer boundary layer region according to transition point of Shishkin. The steps sizes are equidistant in the outer boundary layer region. The step sizes are gradually increased in the inner boundary layer region such that half of the step sizes are different from each other. Truncation error is estimated. The proposed method is stable and uniformly convergent with the order higher than 2. Numerical results are given, which are in agreement with the theoretical result.     

P-FEMOL ANALYSIS OF PLATE BENDING PROBLEMS

In this paper,the p-version of the finite element method of lines(FEMOL) for the analysis of the Mindlin-Reissner plate bending problems is presentedand a class of p-FEMOL elements with polynomial degrees as high as nine isdeveloped.Numerical examples given in this paper show tremendous performance ofthe present method;namely,rapid convergence rate,high accuracy for bothdisplacements and stress resultants,removal of shear-locking trouble,capability ofdealing with difficult problems such as the boundary layer behavior near a free edgeand stress concentration around a hole.     

Towards multi-fidelity simulation of flows around an underwater vehicle with appendages and propeller

Flow around a real-life underwater vehicle often happens at a high Reynolds number with flow structures at different scales from the boundary layer around a blade to that around the hull. This poses a great challenge for large-eddy simulation of an underwater vehicle aiming at resolving all relevant flow scales. In this work, we propose to model the hull with appendages using the immersed boundary method, and model the propeller using the actuator disk model without resolving the geometry of the blade. The proposed method is then applied to simulate the flow around Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) suboff. An overall acceptable agreement is obtained for the pressure and friction coefficients. Complex flow features are observed in the near wake of suboff. In the far wake, the core region is featured by a jet because of the actuator disk, surrounded by an annular region with velocity deficit due to the body of suboff.     

Stable heat jet approach for temperature control of Fermi–Pasta–Ulam beta chain

In this paper, we propose a stable heat jet approach for accurate temperature control of the nonlinear Fermi-Pasta-Ulam beta(FPU-β) chain. First, we design a stable nonlinear boundary condition, with coefficients determined by a machine learning technique. Its stability can be proved rigorously. Based on this stable boundary condition, we derive a two-way boundary condition complying with phonon heat source, and construct stable heat jet approach. Numerical tests illustrate the stability of the boundary condition and the effectiveness in eliminating boundary reflections. Furthermore, we extend the boundary condition formulation with more atoms, and train the coefficients to eliminate extreme short waves by machine learning technique. Under this extended boundary condition, the heat jet approach is effective for high temperature, and may be adopted for multiscale computation of atomic motion at finite temperature.     

On the limitations of linear beams for the problems of moving mass-beam interaction using a meshfree method

This paper deals with the capabilities of linear and nonlinear beam theories in predicting the dynamic response of an elastically supported thin beam traversed by a moving mass. To this end, the discrete equations of motion are developed based on Lagrange’s equations via reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM). For a particular case of a simply supported beam, Galerkin method is also employed to verify the results obtained by RKPM, and a reasonably good agreement is achieved. Variations of the maximum dynamic deflection and bending moment associated with the linear and nonlinear beam theories are investigated in terms of moving mass weight and velocity for various beam boundary conditions. It is demonstrated that for majority of the moving mass velocities, the differences between the results of linear and nonlinear analyses become remarkable as the moving mass weight increases, particularly for high levels of moving mass velocity. Except for the cantilever beam, the nonlinear beam theory predicts higher possibility of moving mass separation from the base beam compared to the linear one. Furthermore, the accuracy levels of the linear beam theory are determined for thin beams under large deflections and small rotations as a function of moving mass weight and velocity in various boundary conditions.     

AN ANALYSIS ON THE FLOW RESISTANCE IN THE ENTRANCE REGION OF DIFFUSE LAMINAR FLOW BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL SPHERICAL SURFACES

In this paper.V.V.Golubef method is first extended to the diffuse laminar flowbetween two parallel spherical surfaces.With the boundary layer motion equation inspherical coordinates,we derive the momentum integral equation together with the energyintegral equation for the laminar boundary layer of the entrance region between twoparallel spherical surfaces.And then by applying Picards gradually approaching methodfor the momentum integral equation,we get the approximate expression which the entranceregion length varies with the thickness of boundary layer.In the end,every coefficient ofentrace region effect is analyzed and calculated.     

COMPUTER COMPUTATION OF THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE SCALES-DIRICHLET PROBLEM FOR A CLASS OF SYSTEM OF NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

The method of boundary layer with multiple scales and computer algebra were applied to study the asymptotic behavior of solution of boundary value problems for a class of system of nonlinear differential equations . The asymptotic expansions of solution were constructed. The remainders were estimated. And an example was analysed. It provides a new foreground for the application of the method of boundary layer with multiple scales .     

The solution of large deflection problem of thin circular plate by the method of composite expansion

In this paper, the method of composite expansion in perturbation theory is used for the solution of large deflection problem of thin circular plate. In this method. the outer field solution and the inner boundary layer solution are combined together to satisfy all the boundary conditions. In this paper, Hencky’s membrane solution is used for the first approximation in outer field solution, and then the second approximate solution is obtained. The inner boundary layer solution is found on the bases of boundary layer coondinate. In this paper, the reciprocal ratio of maximum deflection and thickness of the plate is used as the small parameter. The results of this paper improves quite a bit in comparison with the results obtained in 1948 by Chien Wei-zang.     

THE SOLUTION OF LARGE DEFLECTION PROBLEM OF THIN CIRCULAR PLATE BY THE METHOD OF COMPOSITE EXPANSION

In this paper, the method of composite expansion in perturbation theory is used for the solution of large deflection problem of thin circular plate. In this method. the outer field solution and the inner boundary layer solution are combined together to satisfy all the boundary conditions. In this paper, Hencky's membrane solution is used for the first approximation in outer field solution, and then the second approximate solution is obtained. The inner boundary layer solution is found on the bases of boundary layer coondinate. In this paper, the reciprocal ratio of maximum deflection and thickness of the plate is used as the small parameter. The results of this paper improves quite a bit in comparison with the results obtained in 1948 by Chien Wei-zang.     

A study on characteristics of shock train inside a shock tube

Shock tubes are devices which are used in the investigation of high speed and high temperature flow of compressible gas. Inside a shock tube, the interaction between the reflected shock wave and boundary layer leads to a complex flow phenomenon. Initially a normal shock wave is formed in the shock tube which migrates toward the closed end of the tube and that in turn leads to the reflection of shock. Due to the boundary layer interaction with the reflected shock, the bifurcation of shock wave takes place. The bifurcated shock wave then approaches the contact surface and shock train is generated. Till date only a few studies have been conducted to investigate this shock train phenomenon inside the shock tube. For the present study a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis has been performed on a two dimensional axi-symmetric model of a shock tube using unsteady, compressible Navier–Stokes equations. In order to investigate the detailed characteristics of shock train, parametric studies have been performed by varying different parameters such as the shock tube length, diameter, pressure ratio used inside the shock tube.     

APPLICATION OF TREFFTZ BEM TO ANTI-PLANE PIEZOELECTRIC PROBLEM

Anti-plane electroelastic problems are studied by the Trefftz boundary elementmethod (BEM) in this paper. The Trefftz BEM is based on a weighted residual formulation andindirect boundary approach. In particular the point-collocation and Galerkin techniques, in whichthe basic unknowns are the retained expansion coefficients in the system of complete equations,are considered, Furthermore, special Trefftz functions and auxiliary functions which satisfy ex-actly the specified boundary conditions along the slit boundaries are also used to derive a specialpurpose element with local defects. The path-independent integral is evaluated at the tip of acrack to determine the energy release rate for a mode Ⅲ fracture problem. In final, the accuracyand efficiency of the Trefftz boundary element method are illustrated by an example and thecomparison is made with other methods.     

Simulation of dynamic fluid-solid interactions with an improved direct-forcing immersed boundary method

Dynamic fluid-solid interactions are widely found in chemical engineering,such as in particle-laden flows,which usually contain complex moving boundaries.The immersed boundary method(IBM) is a convenient approach to handle fluid-solid interactions with complex geometries.In this work,Uhlmann’s direct-forcing IBM is improved and implemented on a supercomputer with CPU-GPU hybrid architecture.The direct-forcing IBM is modified as follows:the Poisson’s equation for pressure is solved before evaluation of the body force,and the force is only distributed to the Cartesian grids inside the immersed boundary.A multidirect forcing scheme is used to evaluate the body force.These modifications result in a divergence-free flow field in the fluid domain and the no-slip boundary condition at the immersed boundary simultaneously.This method is implemented in an explicit finite-difference fractional-step scheme,and validated by 2D simulations of lid-driven cavity flow,Couette flow between two concentric cylinders and flow over a circular cylinder.Finally,the method is used to simulate the sedimentation of two circular particles in a channel.The results agree very well with previous experimental and numerical data,and are more accurate than the conventional direct-forcing method,especially in the vicinity of a moving boundary.     

High order multiplication perturbation method for singular perturbation problems

This paper presents a high order multiplication perturbation method for sin- gularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems with the boundary layer at one end. By the theory of singular perturbations, the singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems are first transformed into the singularly perturbed initial value problems. With the variable coefficient dimensional expanding, the non-homogeneous ordinary dif- ferential equations （ODEs） are transformed into the homogeneous ODEs, which are then solved by the high order multiplication perturbation method. Some linear and nonlinear numerical examples show that the proposed method has high precision.     

A SEMI-ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE VIBRATION OF AND SOUND RADIATION FROM A TWO-DIMENTIONAL BEAM-STIFFENED PLATE

A semi-analytical method based on space harmonics to investigate the vibration of and sound radiation from an infinite,fluid-loaded plate is presented.The plate is reinforced with two sets of orthogonally and equally spaced beam stiffeners,which are assumed to be line forces.The response of the stiffened plate to a convected harmonic pressure in the wave-number space is obtained by adopting the Green’s function and Fourier transform methods.Using the boundary conditions and space harmonic method,we establish the relationship between the stiffener forces and the vibration displacement of the plate.In this paper,the stiffener forces are expressed in terms of harmonic amplitudes of the plate displacement,which are calculated by using a numerical reduction technique.Finally,the Fourier inverse transform is employed to find expressions of the vibration and sound radiation in physical space.Agreements with existing results prove the validity of this approach and more numerical results are presented to show that this method converges rapidly.     

Element nodal computation-based radial integration BEM for non-homogeneous problems

This paper presents a new strategy of using the radial integration boundary element method （RIBEM） to solve non-homogeneous heat conduction and thermoelasticity problems. In the method, the evaluation of the radial in-tegral which is used to transform domain integrals to equivalent boundary integrals is carried out on the basis of elemental nodes. As a result, the computational time spent in evaluating domain integrals can be saved considerably in comparison with the conventional RIBEM. Three numerical examples are given to demonstrate the correctness and computational efficiency of the proposed approach.     

MHD effect of mixed convection boundary-layer flow of Powell-Eyring fluid past nonlinear stretching surface

Sufficient conditions are found for the existence of similar solutions of the mixed convection flow of a Powell-Eyring fluid over a nonlinear stretching permeable sur- face in the presence of magnetic field. To achieve this, one parameter linear group trans- formation is applied. The governing momentum and energy equations are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by use of a similarity transformation. These equations are solved by the homotopy analysis method （HAM） to obtain the approximate solutions. The effects of magnetic field, suction, and buoyancy on the Powell-Eyring fluid flow with heat transfer inside the boundary layer are analyzed. The effects of the non- Newtonian fluid （Powell-Eyring model） parameters ε and δon the skin friction and local heat transfer coefficients for the cases of aiding and opposite flows are investigated and discussed. It is observed that the momentum boundary layer thickness increases and the thermal boundary layer thickness decreases with the increase in ε whereas the momentum boundary layer thickness decreases and thermal boundary layer thickness increases with the increase in δ for both the aiding and opposing mixed convection flows.     

MESHLESS ANALYSIS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTICITY WITH SINGULAR HYBRID BOUNDARY NODE METHOD

The singular hybrid boundary node method (SHBNM) is proposed for solving three-dimensional problems in linear elasticity. The SHBNM represents a coupling between the hybrid displacement variational formulations and moving least squares (MLS) approximation. The main idea is to reduce the dimensionality of the former and keep the meshless advantage of the later. The rigid movement method was employed to solve the hyper-singular integrations. The 'boundary layer effect', which is the main drawback of the original Hybrid BNM, was overcome by an adaptive integration scheme. The source points of the fundamental solution were arranged directly on the boundary. Thus the uncertain scale factor taken in the regular hybrid boundary node method (RHBNM) can be avoided. Numerical examples for some 3D elastic problems were given to show the characteristics. The computation results obtained by the present method are in excellent agreement with the analytical solution. The parameters that influence the performance of this method were studied through the numerical examples.     

ELASTO－PLASTICITY ANALYSIS BASED ON COLLOCATION WITH THE MOVING LEAST SQUARE METHOD

A meshless approach based on the moving least square method is developed for elasto-plasticity analysis, in which the incremental formulation is used. In this approach, the displacement shape functions are constructed by using the moving least square approximation, and the discrete governing equations for elasto-plastic material are constructed with the direct collocation method. The boundary conditions are also imposed by collocation. The method established is a truly meshless one, as it does not need any mesh, either for the purpose of interpolation of the solution variables, or for the purpose of construction of the discrete equations. It is simply formulated and very efficient, and no post-processing procedure is required to compute the derivatives of the unknown variables, since the solution from this method based on the moving least square approximation is already smooth enough. Numerical examples are given to verify the accuracy of the meshless method proposed for elasto-rdasticity analysis.