两空间耦合下齿轮传动系统多稳态特性研究

通过将系统参数定义为参数变量,构成参数空间,研究齿轮传动系统在参数空间和状态空间耦合下的非线性全局动力学特性,以及多参数、多初值和多稳态行为之间的关联特性.首先设计了一个两空间耦合下非线性系统多稳态行为的计算和辨识方法.其次,基于该方法并结合相图、Poincaré映射图、分岔图、最大Lyapunov指数、吸引域等,研究齿轮传动系统在不同参数平面上多稳态行为的存在区域和分布特性,以及多稳态行为在状态平面上的分布特性,揭示了参数平面和状态平面上系统可能隐藏的多稳态行为和分岔,并分析了多稳态行为的形成机理.结果发现,两空间耦合下系统在参数平面上存在大量多稳态行为并呈"带状"分布,状态平面上多稳态行为出现两种不同的侵蚀现象,即内部侵蚀和边界侵蚀.分岔点或分岔曲线对初值的敏感性导致多稳态行为的出现.当齿侧间隙和误差波动在较小的范围内变化时,系统全局动力学特性受间隙和误差扰动的影响较小,受啮合频率的影响较大.两空间耦合下系统全局动力学特性变得丰富和复杂.     

三自由度齿轮系统的双参数分岔与全局特性研究

以三自由度齿轮系统为研究对象,通过构造参数平面内不同运动类型的边界线算法,得到了系统在参数平面内的分岔曲线。为了判断分岔曲线的分岔类型,构造了三自由度齿轮系统Poincaré映射的Jacobi矩阵及Floquet乘子算法。结合系统的分岔图、最大Lyapunov指数图(TLE)、相图、Poincaré映射图和Floquet理论,讨论了双参数平面上系统的分岔特性以及参数平面内系统动力学特性的演变,并利用胞映射法对系统随啮合频率变化下的全局动力学特性进行了研究。结果表明:系统在参数平面k-ξ33内存在倍化分岔曲线、鞍结分岔曲线、Hopf分岔曲线等;阻尼系数越大,综合误差越小,系统运动越稳定;鞍结分岔对系统的全局稳定性影响较大,而Hopf分岔对系统的全局稳定性影响较小。研究结果可为齿轮系统设计和参数选择提供理论依据,研究方法也适用于其它非线性系统的双参数分岔分析。     

Duffing系统在双参数平面上的动力学特性分析

将单参数最大Lyapunov指数的计算推广到双参数平面上,数值计算Duffing系统在双参数平面上的最大Lyapunov指数,得到系统在参数平面上周期运动、混沌运动、各种分岔曲线的参数区域;结合系统单参数分岔图、相图、庞加莱截面图讨论了系统在参数平面上的分岔混沌过程以及阻尼系数对系统双参数特性的影响。结果表明:在双参数平面上系统出现了周期跳跃、周期倍化分岔、叉式分岔等复杂的分岔曲线,而且这些分岔曲线随阻尼系数的增加不断发生着复杂变化;得到系统在以往单参数分岔过程中很少出现的分岔曲线相交、嵌套、演变等特殊现象;阻尼系数对系统双参数耦合动力学特性有重要的影响。本文对工程中其它多参数系统的参数耦合特性的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

磨损与动力学耦合的行星传动齿轮动力学研究

行星齿轮磨损会导致齿轮齿侧间隙非线性增大、传动精度下降、齿面冲击力增大, 进而会导致齿轮传动系统振动加剧, 因此需要对行星齿轮的齿面磨损与动力学耦合特性进行研究. 本文构建了齿轮非线性磨损与考虑齿轮齿侧间隙的非线性动力学耦合计算模型, 对行星传动齿轮磨损动力学特性进行了研究. 首先建立齿轮啮合非线性动力学模型, 获得齿轮运行过程中的非线性啮合力; 进一步将非线性啮合力与齿轮齿面磨损模型相结合, 研究齿轮齿面磨损分布规律; 并根据齿轮磨损后的齿侧间隙对齿面重构, 同时对齿轮动力学模型进行更新; 进而得到行星齿轮传动中动态啮合力和磨损特性的变化趋势, 并获得齿轮传动系统齿轮齿向振动响应. 数值计算结果表明, 行星齿轮磨损导致齿轮在单?双齿交替啮合时产生的冲击增大, 同时太阳轮?行星轮啮合齿对对磨损较为敏感, 齿面啮合条件剧烈恶化, 是造成行星齿轮传动性能退化的主要原因, 本文研究结果为行星齿轮传动系统运行状态评估与可靠性预测提供了理论基础.      

高速重载人字齿轮传动非线性动力学分析

人字齿轮承载能力强,重合度大,可靠性高,多于高速、重载工况下使用.探究高速重载人字齿轮传动系统非线性动力学特性,可为其设计提供参考.首先,计算齿轮副时变啮合刚度;引入齿侧间隙、间隙非线性函数和综合传动误差,计算时变啮合力;引入轴承游隙,计算轴承受力.随后,建立高速重载人字齿轮传动系统非线性动力学方程,使用4阶Runge-Kutta法对方程求解.最后,探究不同因素对系统动态响应影响.保持系统其他参数不变,分别改变输入转矩、啮合阻尼、齿侧间隙、啮合刚度及激励频率,绘制系统时间-位移图像、时间-速度图像、空间相图、空间频谱图及分岔图,观察系统非线性动力学响应变化趋势,判别系统运动状态.结果表明:在一定范围内,系统稳定性与啮合阻尼、啮合刚度呈正相关关系,与齿侧间隙、输入转矩呈负相关关系;逐渐增大外部激励频率时,系统运动从单周期运动逐渐变为混沌运动,随后又回归单周期运动.为保证系统平稳运行,应合理选取外部激励频率.     

计及短周期误差的直齿轮副近周期运动及其辨识

齿轮副中的齿距偏差等短周期误差使系统出现复杂的周期运动, 影响齿轮传动的平稳性. 将该类复杂周期运动定义为近周期运动, 采用多时间尺度Poincaré映射截面对其进行辨识. 为研究齿轮副的近周期运动, 引入含齿距偏差的直齿轮副非线性动力学模型, 并计入齿侧间隙与时变重合度等参数. 采用变步长4阶Runge-Kutta法数值求解动力学方程, 由所提出的辨识方法分析不同参数影响下系统的近周期运动. 根据改进胞映射法计算系统的吸引域, 结合多初值分岔图、吸引域图与分岔树状图等研究了系统随扭矩与啮合频率变化的多稳态近周期运动. 研究结果表明, 齿轮副中的短周期误差导致系统的周期运动变复杂, 在微观时间尺度内, 系统的Poincaré映射点数呈现为点簇形式, 系统的点簇数与实际运动周期数为宏观时间尺度的Poincaré映射点数. 短周期误差导致系统在微观时间尺度内的吸引子数量增多, 使系统运动转迁过程变复杂. 合理的参数范围及初值范围可提高齿轮传动的平稳性. 该辨识与分析方法可为非线性系统中的近周期运动研究奠定理论基础.      

齿轮传动系统共存吸引子的不连续分岔

大量的多吸引子共存是引起齿轮传动系统具有丰富动力学行为的一个重要因素.多吸引子共存时,运动工况的变化以及不可避免的扰动都可能导致齿轮传动系统在不同运动行为之间跳跃变换,对整个机器产生不良的影响.目前,一些隐藏的吸引子没有被发现,共存吸引子的分岔演化规律没有被完全揭示.考虑单自由度直齿圆柱齿轮传动系统,构建由局部映射复合的Poincaré映射,给出Jacobi矩阵特征值计算的半解析法.应用数值仿真、延拓打靶法和Floquet特征乘子求解共存吸引子的稳定性与分岔,应用胞映射法计算共存吸引子的吸引域,讨论啮合频率、阻尼比和时变激励幅值对系统动力学的影响,揭示齿轮传动系统倍周期型擦边分岔、亚临界倍周期分岔诱导的鞍结分岔和边界激变等不连续分岔行为.倍周期分岔诱导的鞍结分岔引起相邻周期吸引子相互转迁的跳跃与迟滞,使倍周期分岔呈现亚临界特性.鞍结分岔是共存周期吸引子出现或消失的主要原因.边界激变引起混沌吸引子及其吸引域突然消失,对应周期吸引子的分岔终止.     

耦合神经元模型中的混沌巡游现象及其特性分析

混沌巡游足高维非线性动力学系统中的一种新奇、复杂的动力学行为.混沌巡游是系统沿着高维混沌轨迹,不断按顺序访问不同的低维准稳定的吸引子,并在其之间反复巡游的现象.本文通过对Morris-Lecar耦合神经元模犁的研究发现:耦合非线性系统中的混沌巡游现象既可以是一种准稳态响应(具有很长的暂态混沌巡游,最后为其它稳态响应);也可以是一种稳定的、具有混沌特性的运动形式.在混沌巡游状态下,两个神经元的动力行为表现出对称性.另外,基于胞参考点映射法得到了混沌巡游附件系统稳定运动的类型和数目随着参数变化的全局特性.研究还发现混沌巡游运动的一些新的特点,即各个Lyapunov指数在混沌巡游时具有随时间的波动性,以及混沌巡游对参数及初值的极端敏感.     

单调激活函数惯性项神经耦合系统的混沌共存

混沌及其稳态共存是神经网络系统中一个重要研究热点问题．本文基于惯性项神经元模型，利用非线性单调激活函数构造了一个惯性项神经耦合系统，采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法，研究了系统平衡点以及静态分岔的类型，分析了系统两种不同模式的混沌及其稳态共存．具体来说，我们通过选取不同的初始值，利用相应的相位图和时间历程图，展现了系统混沌对初值的敏感依赖性．进一步，采用耦合强度作为动力学的分岔参数，研究了混沌产生的倍周期分岔机制，得到了单调激活函数耦合下的惯性项神经元系统混沌共存现象．     

一类三维非线性系统的复杂簇发振荡行为及其机理

由多时间尺度耦合效应引起的簇发振荡行为是非线性动力学研究的重要课题之一.本文针对一类参数激励下的三维非线性电机系统(该系统可以描述两种自激同极发电机系统的动力学行为,两种系统在数学上等效),研究了当参数激励频率远小于系统自然频率时的各种复杂簇发振荡行为及其产生机理.通过快慢分析方法, 将参数激励作为慢变参数,得到了非自治系统对应的广义自治系统及快子系统和慢变量,并给出了快子系统的稳定性和分岔条件以及系统关于典型参数的单参数分岔图.借助转换相图与分岔图的叠加, 分析了对称式delayed subHopf/fold cycle簇发振荡的产生机理及其动力学转迁, 即delayed subHopf/fold cycle簇发振荡、焦点/焦点型对称式叉形分岔滞后簇发振荡和焦点/焦点型叉形分岔滞后簇发振荡.研究结果表明, 系统会出现两种不同的分岔滞后形式, 一种是亚临界Hopf分岔滞后,另一种是叉形分岔滞后,而且控制参数显著影响平衡点的稳定性和分岔滞后区间的宽度.同时初始点的选取则会影响系统动力学行为的对称性.本文的研究进一步加深了对由分岔滞后引起的簇发振荡的认识和理解.      

Global bifurcation and chaos analysis in nonlinear vibration of spur gear systems

The global homoclinic bifurcation and transition to chaotic behavior of a nonlinear gear system are studied by means of Melnikov analytical analysis. It is also an effective approach to analyze homoclinic bifurcation and detect chaotic behavior. A generalized nonlinear time varying (NLTV) dynamic model of a spur gear pair is formulated, where the backlash, time varying stiffness, external excitation, and static transmission error are included. From Melnikov method, the threshold values of the control parameter for the occurrence of homoclinic bifurcation and onset of chaos are predicted. Additionally, the numerical bifurcation analysis and numerical simulation of the system including bifurcation diagrams, phase plane portraits, time histories, power spectras, and Poincare sections are used to confirm the analytical predictions and show the transition to chaos.     

Bifurcation and chaos analysis of multistage planetary gear train

A nonlinear time-varying dynamic model for a multistage planetary gear train, considering time-varying meshing stiffness, nonlinear error excitation, and piece-wise backlash nonlinearities, is formulated. Varying dynamic motions are obtained by solving the dimensionless equations of motion in general coordinates by using the varying-step Gill numerical integration method. The influences of damping coefficient, excitation frequency, and backlash on bifurcation and chaos properties of the system are analyzed through dynamic bifurcation diagram, time history, phase trajectory, Poincaré map, and power spectrum. It shows that the multi-stage planetary gear train system has various inner nonlinear dynamic behaviors because of the coupling of gear backlash and time-varying meshing stiffness. As the damping coefficient increases, the dynamic behavior of the system transits to an increasingly stable periodic motion, which demonstrates that a higher damping coefficient can suppress a nonperiodic motion and thereby improve its dynamic response. The motion state of the system changes into chaos in different ways of period doubling bifurcation, and Hopf bifurcation.     

GLOBAL BIFURCATION AND CHAOS IN A VAN DER POL-DUFFING-MATHIUE SYSTEM WITH A SINGLE-WELL POTENTIAL OSCILLATOR

The global bifurcation and chaos are investigated in this paper for a van der Pol-Duff-ing-Mathieu system with a single-well potential oscillator by means of nonlinear dynamics. The au-tonomous system corresponding to the system under discussion is analytically studied to draw all globalbifureation diagrams in every parameter space, These diagrams are called basic bifurcation ones. Thenfixing parameter in every space and taking the parametrically excited amplitude as a bifurcation param-eter, we can observe how to evolve from a basic bifurcation diagram to a chaos pattern in terms of nu-merical methods. The results are sufficient to show that the system has distinct dynamic behavior, Fi-nally, the properties of the basins of attraction are observed and the appearance of fractal basin bound-aries heralding the onset of a loss of structural integrity is noted in order to consider how to control theextent and the rate of the erosion in the next paper.     

Nonlinear dynamic characteristic of a face gear drive with effect of modification

Face gear drive is one of the main directions of research for aeronautical transmission for its advantages, but the vibration induced gear noise and dynamic load are rarely involved by researchers. The present work examines the complex, nonlinear dynamic behavior of a 6DOF face gear drive system combining with time varying stiffness, backlash, time varying arm of meshing force and supporting stiffness. The mesh pattern of the face gear drive system is analyzed when the modification strategy is applied and the effect of modification on the dynamics response, the time varying arm of meshing force based on the TCA is deduced. The dynamic responses of the face gear drive system show rich nonlinear phenomena. Nonlinear jumps, chaotic motions, period doubling bifurcation and multiple coexisting stable solutions are detected but different from the spur and bevel gear dynamics, which don’t occur near primary and higher harmonic resonance.     

Dynamic response of a single-mesh gear system with periodic mesh stiffness and backlash nonlinearity under uncertainty

Parametric uncertainties play a critical role in the response predictions of a gear system. However, accurately determining the effects of the uncertainty propagation in nonlinear time-varying models of gear systems is awkward and difficult. This paper improves the interval harmonic balance method (IHBM) to solve the dynamic problems of gear systems with backlash nonlinearity and time-varying mesh stiffness under uncertainties. To deal with the nonlinear problem including the fold points and uncertainties, the IHBM is improved by introducing the pseudo-arc length method in combination with the Chebyshev inclusion function. The proposed approach is demonstrated using a single-mesh gear system model, including the parametrically varying mesh stiffness and the gear backlash nonlinearity, excited by the transmission error. The results of the improved IHBM are compared with those obtained from the scanning method. Effects of parameter uncertainties on its dynamic behavior are also discussed in detail. From various numerical examples, it is shown that the results are consistent meanwhile the computational cost is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the proposed approach could be effectively applied for sensitivity analysis of the system response to parameter variations.     

COMPLICATED BURSTING BEHAVIORS AS WELL AS THE MECHANISM OF A THREE DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR SYSTEM 1)

由多时间尺度耦合效应引起的簇发振荡行为是非线性动力学研究的重要课题之一.本文针对一类参数激励下的三维非线性电机系统(该系统可以描述两种自激同极发电机系统的动力学行为,两种系统在数学上等效),研究了当参数激励频率远小于系统自然频率时的各种复杂簇发振荡行为及其产生机理.通过快慢分析方法, 将参数激励作为慢变参数,得到了非自治系统对应的广义自治系统及快子系统和慢变量,并给出了快子系统的稳定性和分岔条件以及系统关于典型参数的单参数分岔图.借助转换相图与分岔图的叠加, 分析了对称式delayed subHopf/fold cycle簇发振荡的产生机理及其动力学转迁, 即delayed subHopf/fold cycle簇发振荡、焦点/焦点型对称式叉形分岔滞后簇发振荡和焦点/焦点型叉形分岔滞后簇发振荡.研究结果表明, 系统会出现两种不同的分岔滞后形式, 一种是亚临界Hopf分岔滞后,另一种是叉形分岔滞后,而且控制参数显著影响平衡点的稳定性和分岔滞后区间的宽度.同时初始点的选取则会影响系统动力学行为的对称性.本文的研究进一步加深了对由分岔滞后引起的簇发振荡的认识和理解.     

Influence of system parameters on dynamic behavior of gear pair with stochastic backlash

The influence of stochastic backlash on nonlinear dynamic behavior of spur gear pair with stochastic assembling backlash is discussed. Bifurcation diagram and maximum Lyapunov exponent diagram of the system are presented to evaluate the influences of load ratio, damping ratio, and backlash on the dynamic behavior of the system. The results show that backlash has great contribution to light-loaded gear pair. Therefore, dynamic behavior with stochastic assembling backlash is analyzed. Two novel indexes are introduced to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the system, dynamic instability exponent and critical variance. In addition, the relationship between the dynamic instability exponent and variance of the backlash, and the relationship between the critical variance and the mean value of the backlash are studied. The results show that it is not the unique way to improve the dynamic behavior of the system by minimizing the assembling backlash, which provide a novel way to determine the machining precision requirements, tolerance for assembling, and etc.     

Global dynamics and integrity of a two-dof model of?a?parametrically excited cylindrical shell

In this paper the global dynamics and topological integrity of the basins of attraction of a parametrically excited cylindrical shell are investigated through a two-degree-of-freedom reduced order model. This model, as shown in previous authors?? works, is capable of describing qualitatively the complex nonlinear static and dynamic buckling behavior of the shell. The discretized model is obtained by employing Donnell shallow shell theory and the Galerkin method. The shell is subjected to an axial static pre-loading and then to a harmonic axial load. When the static load is between the buckling load and the minimum post-critical load, a three potential well is obtained. Under these circumstances the shell may exhibit pre- and post-buckling solutions confined to each of the potential wells as well as large cross-well motions. The aim of the paper is to analyze in a systematic way the bifurcation sequences arising from each of the three stable static solutions, obtaining in this way the parametric instability and escape boundaries. The global dynamics of the system is analyzed through the evolution of the various basins of attraction in the four-dimensional phase space. The concepts of safe basin and integrity measures quantifying its magnitude are used to obtain the erosion profile of the various solutions. A detailed parametric analysis shows how the basins of the various solutions interfere with each other and how this influences the integrity measures. Special attention is dedicated to the topological integrity of the various solutions confined to the pre-buckling well. This allows one to evaluate the safety and dynamic integrity of the mechanical system. Two characteristic cases, one associated with a sub-critical parametric bifurcation and another with a super-critical parametric bifurcation, are considered in the analysis.