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对电场作用下微通道荷电液滴脱落过程中液桥形成及断裂的显微演变特征进行了可视化实验研究.借助时空分辨率较高的高速摄像技术精确捕捉了电场作用下液桥形成及断裂的界面演化过程,研究了液桥的界面结构变化及其断裂的动力学显微演变行为,获得了时间特征数、电邦德数及半月面形成角对液桥长度及断裂顺序的作用规律.实验结果显示,液桥断裂长度取决于黏度与表面张力之比,而受荷电弛豫时间的影响甚微,低电压工况下各实验介质液桥相对长度的变化并不明显,而在较高电压工况下相对液桥长度的增长速度加快.随着电邦德数的不断增加,液桥长度的变化在较高邦德数下更为明显且存在突变区,此时伴随着雾化模式的转变,表明液桥的突变恰恰是雾化模式过渡的信号.不同物性介质的射流过渡行为由于液桥上下游形成角的变化而存在较大差异.对于无水乙醇介质,电邦德数的增加使滴状模式首先过渡到纺锤模式,而对于生物柴油,滴状模式后会首先出现脉动模式而非纺锤模式. 相似文献
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对电场作用下微通道荷电液滴脱落过程中液桥形成及断裂的显微演变特征进行了可视化实验研究.借助时空分辨率较高的高速摄像技术精确捕捉了电场作用下液桥形成及断裂的界面演化过程,研究了液桥的界面结构变化及其断裂的动力学显微演变行为,获得了时间特征数、电邦德数及半月面形成角对液桥长度及断裂顺序的作用规律.实验结果显示,液桥断裂长度取决于黏度与表面张力之比,而受荷电弛豫时间的影响甚微,低电压工况下各实验介质液桥相对长度的变化并不明显,而在较高电压工况下相对液桥长度的增长速度加快.随着电邦德数的不断增加,液桥长度的变化在较高邦德数下更为明显且存在突变区,此时伴随着雾化模式的转变,表明液桥的突变恰恰是雾化模式过渡的信号.不同物性介质的射流过渡行为由于液桥上下游形成角的变化而存在较大差异.对于无水乙醇介质,电邦德数的增加使滴状模式首先过渡到纺锤模式,而对于生物柴油,滴状模式后会首先出现脉动模式而非纺锤模式. 相似文献
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运用实验测量和数值模拟两种方法对两平板间特征尺度为毫米量级的液桥断裂距离进行了研究,定量地给出了在有重力和无重力两种条件下,液桥断裂距离随着液桥体积和固体表面润湿性质变化的规律。结果显示,重力对液桥断裂距离的影响随着液桥特征尺寸的增大而增大,当特征尺寸达到毛细长度时,重力对亲水表面间液桥断裂距离的影响可达11%以上,对于疏水表面间的断裂距离影响更增加到20%以上。通过Surface Evolver软件可以很好地模拟准静态液桥拉伸-断裂过程,得到准确的液桥断裂距离。结果表明,即使在液桥特征尺寸小于毛细长度的条件下,液桥断裂距离也不能完全忽略重力的影响。 相似文献
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开展大尺寸液桥浮力-热毛细对流地面实验, 探究流场转捩的临界条件及临界状态附近的流动情况. 通过粒子图像测速方法(PIV) 获得流体速度场, 研究液桥内部定常和转捩后的流场结构以及流体运动规律;并用红外热像仪测量液桥自由面温度分布, 研究流体流动的时空演化和温度振荡. 实验发现大尺寸半浮区液桥浮力-热毛细对流临界值与几何参数有关, 在大普朗特(Prandtl) 数情况下, 流场存在由稳定态向不稳定态再到混沌的转捩过程, 在临界马兰哥尼(Marangoni) 数附近, 流场内会出现行波现象, 流动模式也会随高径比的变化而发生变化;当继续增大马兰哥尼数, 流动会进入混沌状态. 相似文献
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二维液桥计算模型及湿颗粒材料离散元模拟 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了二维情况两直接相邻颗粒间液体以液桥形式存在时的液桥临界断裂距离及液桥力的计算过程。导出了用颗粒半径、三相接触角和液桥体积表示的二维液桥临界断裂距离拟合公式及两个接触或非接触颗粒间液桥毛细力随液桥体积的变化关系。引入Voronoi胞元计算定义基于参考颗粒介观结构的物质点的平均饱和度。提出了考虑液桥效应的二维湿颗粒离散元模型,并用以模拟不同初始均匀饱和度下湿颗粒集合体中的吸力效应,验证其有效捕捉以应变局部化为特征的破坏模式的能力。 相似文献
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复合材料桥连的断裂动力学模型 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
复合材料产生裂纹后,其纤维处形成“桥连”,这是一个不可避免的现象。由于桥连问题很复杂.在数学方法的处理上有很大困难,至今人们研究大多是桥连的静力学问题.而对其动力学问题研究得很少。为了便于分析复合材料的问题,将桥连处用载荷代替,当裂纹高速扩展时.其纤维也连续地断裂。只有建立复合材料的桥连动力学模型,才能更好地研究复合材料的断裂动力学问题。通过复变函数论的方法,将所讨论的问题转化为Riemann—Hilbert问题。利用建立的动态模型和自相似方法,得到了正交异性体中扩展裂纹受运动的集中力P及阶跃载荷作用下位移、应力和动态应力强度因子的解析解,并通过叠加原理,最终求得了该模型的解。 相似文献
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《力学学报》2012,44(1)
严重段塞流是海洋工程气液混输管线-立管系统中常见的一种特殊有害流动现象,采用水平-下倾-悬链线立管气液混输组合管道系统,通过系列实验在悬链线立管中获得了严重段塞流、间歇流和震荡流等流型,阐述了这些流动现象的形成机理,提出了能够产生严重段塞流的判定准则.结果表明,悬链线立管严重段塞流具有明显周期性,在一个周期内的流动特征可分为液塞形成、液体出流、液气喷发及液体回流等4个阶段,进而给出了各阶段中相关流动参数的变化规律.在实验中同时还对悬链线与垂直立管中严重段塞流形成机理进行了比较分析,发现两者在液塞形成阶段有显著差别.其中,在悬链线立管中液塞形成之前首先需要经历一个气液混合液塞形成过程,而垂直立管则没有这个过程. 相似文献
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Bubbly jets in stagnant water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Air–water bubbly jets are studied experimentally in a relatively large water tank with a gas volume fraction, Co, of up to 80% and nozzle Reynolds number, Re, ranging from 3500 to 17,700. Measurements of bubble properties and mean axial water velocity are obtained and two groups of experiments are identified, one with relatively uniform bubble sizes and another with large and irregular bubbles. For the first group, dimensionless relationships are obtained to describe bubble properties and mean liquid flow structure as functions of Co and Re. Measurements of bubble slip velocity and estimates of the drag coefficient are also provided and compared to those for isolated bubbles from the literature. The study confirms the importance of bubble interactions to the dynamics of bubbly flows. Bubble breakup processes are also investigated for bubbly jets. It was found that a nozzle Reynolds number larger than 8000 is needed to cause breakup of larger bubbles into smaller bubbles and to produce a more uniform bubble size distribution. Moreover, the Weber number based on the mean water velocity appears to be a better criteria than the Weber number based on the bubble slip velocity to describe the onset of bubble breakup away from the nozzle, which occurs at a Weber number larger than 25. 相似文献
12.
Bubbly flow undergoing a steep pressure gradient 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of a steep pressure gradient on bubbly flow were studied to determine the cause of noise emanating from components of a piping system. We used an orifice to generate a local pressure difference. The behavior of bubbles passing through the orifice was observed by using a video camera, and the noise was measured by a condenser microphone outside the pipe. It was found that the sound pressure level of noise generated by a bubbly flow was proportional to the pressure difference. An empirical formula for estimating noise level is proposed. The changes in size and number of bubbles passing through an orifice were found related to the breakup, which is affected by pressure difference rather than airflow rate. The breakup of a single bubble undergoing a steep pressure difference was observed to determine the mechanism of sound generation. It was found that a bubble was broken by impingement of an inward protrusion in the bubble. The growth rate of the protrusion depended on the pressure difference. 相似文献
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High-speed photography was used to study bubble movement characteristics during underwater pyrotechnic combustion. The results show that bubble behaviors include bubble formation at the nozzle, departure from the nozzle, bubble coalescence, and bubble breakup. Compared with cavitation bubbles and fluidization bubbles, the nozzle bubbles formed during underwater pyrotechnic combustion feature larger diameters, up to centimeters, and darker, and more irregular shapes. During large bubble coalescence, two bubbles approach each other, generate a channel for transfer of mass and heat, and finally coalesce. The bubbles contain high-temperature gases and solid residues generated during pyrotechnic combustion, which lead to non-uniform forces on the bubble surface and make the bubbles more prone to breakup. Because of the high-temperature solid grains, the surrounding liquid vaporizes to form bubbles. 相似文献
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Bubble interaction in low-viscosity liquids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. W. Stewart 《International Journal of Multiphase Flow》1995,21(6):1037-1046
An experimental study investigated how freely rising ellipsoidal bubbles approach each other, make contact and coalesce or breakup. Pulsed planar swarms of 10–20 bubbles with Eötvös numbers from 6.0 to 27.5 were released simultaneously in aqueous solutions of 0–48 wt% sugar with Morton numbers from 3.2 × 10−11 to 3.7 × 10−6. Bubble interaction was recorded by a video camera following the rising bubbles. Essentially, all coalescence and breakup events occurred after, not during, wake-induced collisions by a complex process related to the bubble vortex shedding cycle. This same process was also found in multi-bubble clusters and may account for excess turbulent kinetic energy generation in bubbly flow. 相似文献
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本文专门设计搭建了低温介质空泡演化实验测试平台, 对液氮单空泡非定常演化过程和动力学特性开展了实验研究. 实验中利用电火花瞬态放电激发液氮汽化形成单空泡, 通过高速摄影系统对单空泡的瞬态特征进行了精细化捕捉. 为了进一步揭示低温介质独特的物理性质以及强热力学效应对单空泡演化过程的影响机制, 对比分析了在相同环境压力下, 77.41 K液氮和298.36 K水单空泡的演化过程和动力学特性. 基于实验得到空泡半径与界面速度等定量数据, 阐明了液氮单空泡球形与非球形演化阶段的非定常特性. 研究结果表明: (1) 在相同输入电压下, 液氮单空泡的整体尺寸比常温水更小, 当输入电压为400 V时, 液氮空泡的最大半径约为常温水空泡的0.69倍; 同时, 液氮单空泡经历了膨胀阶段?收缩阶段?振荡阶段以及上升阶段的演化过程. (2)液氮空泡的收缩过程主要由相界面的热传导主导, 没有明显的塌陷现象, 收缩阶段液氮空泡的最小收缩半径约为常温水的5.5倍. (3)在液氮空泡振荡初期, 空泡相界面传热增强, Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定与热力学效应共同引起了空泡界面的表面粗化效应; 在整个振荡阶段, 空泡界面附近存在破碎的小泡. 当输入电压较高时, 空泡底部的小泡数量显著增多. (4)由于液氮空泡浮力系数较大, 液氮空泡在演化后期空泡整体向上迁移显著, 液氮空泡底部收缩更快产生凹陷, 促使空泡变为环状. 相似文献
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Visualization of oxygen concentration fields and measurement of concentration gradients at bubble surfaces in surfactant-contaminated water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique is employed for visualizing a thin two-dimensional (2D) dissolved oxygen concentration field and measuring local oxygen concentration gradients near the surface of an oxygen bubble in water containing surfactant (Triton X-100, SigmaAldrich, St Louis, MO, USA)). The fluorescence of pyrene butyric acid (PBA) is induced by a planar pulse of nitrogen laser light. Oxygen transferring from the bubble to the deoxygenated water quenches the fluorescence of the PBA. Images of the fluorescence fields are captured by a UV-intensified CCD camera. The intensity of fluorescence quenching at each image pixel is used to measure dissolved oxygen concentration in a 2D field. Images of bubbles are obtained at 200 ppm, 100 ppm, and 50 ppm Triton X-100-containing water and in ultra clean deionized water. Higher surfactant concentrations decrease local and average concentration gradients of oxygen at the bubble surface. The ensemble means of dissolved oxygen concentration boundary layer thicknesses of 0.160 mm, 0.130 mm, and 0.072 mm, for the images of bubbles obtained at 200 ppm, 100 ppm, and 50 ppm Triton X-100-containing water, respectively. Local concentration boundary layer thickness increases from the top to the bottom along the bubble surface. A series of images of the bubble flow fields are analyzed to measure the oxygen concentration gradients in water in the presence of surfactant. The images captured in clean water are not fully resolvable because of their poor resolution. The formation of the attached wake in the fluorescence field images at the bottom of the bubbles in clean water tends to be promoted by increasing oblateness owing to the presence of surfactant at the surface. 相似文献
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El-Sayed R. Negeed S. Hidaka M. Kohno Y. Takata 《International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow》2011,32(1):95-106
The main objective of this research is to study analytically and experimentally the liquid sheet breakup of a flat fan jet nozzle resulting from pressure-swirling. In this study the effects of nozzle shape and spray pressure on the liquid sheet characteristics were investigated for four nozzles with different exit widths (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mm). The length of liquid sheet breakup, liquid sheet velocity and the size of formed droplets were measured by a digital high speed camera. The breakup characteristics of plane liquid sheets in atmosphere are analytically investigated by means of linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic instability analyses. The liquid sheet breakup process was studied for initial sinuous and also varicose modes of disturbance. The results presented the effect of the nozzle width and the spray pressure on the breakup length and also on the size of the formed droplets. Comparing the experimental results with the theoretical ones for all the four types of nozzles, gives a good agreement with difference ranges from 4% to 12%. Also, the comparison between the obtained results and the results due to others shows a good agreement with difference ranged from 5% to 16%. Empirical correlations have been deduced describing the relation between the liquid sheet breakup characteristics and affecting parameters; liquid sheet Reynolds number, Weber number and the nozzle width. 相似文献
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A. N. Alexandrou A. V. Bazilevskii V. M. Entov A. N. Rozhkov A. Sharaf 《Fluid Dynamics》2010,45(6):952-964
The breakup of liquid bridges under the action of capillary forces is used for studying the rheology of suspensions under
stretching. The experiments were performed with suspensions of finegrained (3–30 μm) sand in glycerin for sand volume fractions
up to 0.465. The bridge thinning process was registered using an electro-optical measuring device and videofilming. The results
were analyzed on the basis of a theory developed earlier for the thinning of a liquid bridge under the action of capillary
forces. It is found that, for fairly slow stretching realized in the initial stage of the thinning, the rheological behavior
of the suspensions considered agrees with the model of a Newtonian viscous fluid. Along with this, the measured effective
viscosity of the suspension turned out to be approximately two-fold greater than the suspension viscosity under shear. The
origin of this discrepancy is analyzed. With increase in the stretching rate, in the final stage of the thinning, the weakening
of the suspension occurs, which is manifested in the formation of a local rapidly thinning neck in the bridge, similar to
that observed in the breakup of plastic materials. 相似文献
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气泡碰撞固壁行为和影响因素的研究一直以来都是科学界关注的重点之一, 其在矿物浮选、气膜减阻等工业领域中的应用也极具科研价值. 论文聚焦曲壁对于气泡撞击行为特性的影响研究. 采用高速摄像技术记录气泡碰撞不同曲率半径下亲疏水曲壁的撞击过程, 分析了曲壁润湿性、曲率半径对气泡碰撞固体曲壁的影响规律. 结果表明, 气泡碰撞亲水曲壁时会发生多次弹跳直至离开曲壁; 曲率半径越大, 弹跳次数越少, 且第一次反弹的最远距离越近, 再次发生碰壁时的速度越小. 而碰撞疏水曲壁时会出现碰撞?滑移?附着的现象, 此外针对液膜挤压破裂的现象, 建立理论模型推导出液膜诱导时间的预测公式, 其主要与液膜厚度、液膜临界破裂厚度和液膜被压缩速度有关, 预测误差小于5.0%. 相似文献