曲梁压电俘能器强迫振动的格林函数解

本文运用格林函数法求解了曲梁压电俘能器在强迫振动下的解析解.运用微分法分析了压电层合曲梁结构面内各内力,根据曲梁压电 俘能器的动力学方程组,基于压电本构关系,建立了包含径向阻尼但不考虑俘能器曲梁结构部分的轴向力以及轴向惯性项的Prescott力 电耦合模型. 采用Laplace变换法求得了耦合振动方程的格林函数解.根据叠加原理和格林函数的物理意义,对耦合的系统方程解耦进而 求得强迫振动下曲梁压电俘能器的输出电压. 数值计算中,通过与现有文献的解析解进行对比,验证了本文解析解的有效性,并研究了阻 尼、电阻等重要物理参数对压电函数和谐振频率的影响.通过与有关传统直梁压电俘能器研究成果的对比,体现了曲梁压 电俘能器Prescott模型的高效集能特性. 数值分析研究表明:(1)使得曲梁俘能器达到最大输出电压时连接的最优负载电 阻为1 M$\Omega$;(2)通过更换适当的基底材料,降低材料的弹性模量,可以改变曲梁俘能器的高基频现象,以使结构适应 更复杂的工作环境,但这会导致俘能器的工作效率降低.      

曲梁压电俘能器强迫振动的格林函数解

本文运用格林函数法求解了曲梁压电俘能器在强迫振动下的解析解.运用微分法分析了压电层合曲梁结构面内各内力,根据曲梁压电俘能器的动力学方程组,基于压电本构关系,建立了包含径向阻尼但不考虑俘能器曲梁结构部分的轴向力以及轴向惯性项的Prescott力电耦合模型.采用Laplace变换法求得了耦合振动方程的格林函数解.根据叠加原理和格林函数的物理意义,对耦合的系统方程解耦进而求得强迫振动下曲梁压电俘能器的输出电压.数值计算中,通过与现有文献的解析解进行对比,验证了本文解析解的有效性,并研究了阻尼、电阻等重要物理参数对压电函数和谐振频率的影响.通过与有关传统直梁压电俘能器研究成果的对比,体现了曲梁压电俘能器Prescott模型的高效集能特性.数值分析研究表明:(1)使得曲梁俘能器达到最大输出电压时连接的最优负载电阻为1 M?;(2)通过更换适当的基底材料,降低材料的弹性模量,可以改变曲梁俘能器的高基频现象,以使结构适应更复杂的工作环境,但这会导致俘能器的工作效率降低.     

基于自旋梁的压电振动能量采集与动力学分析

为研究轴向载荷及梁上外激励共同作用下自旋梁结构强迫振动的压电振动能量采集问题,文章提出运用格林函数法求解自旋梁压电俘能器强迫振动下的电压解析解.基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,采用扩展Hamilton原理及PZT-5A压电本构,建立了自旋梁压电俘能器强迫振动的力电耦合模型.采用Laplace变换法求得耦合振动方程的格林函数解,并根据线性叠加原理和格林函数的物理意义,对耦合的系统方程进行解耦,进而求得强迫振动下自旋梁压电俘能器的电压解析解.数值计算中,通过与现有文献中的解析解以及实验结果进行对比,验证了本文解的有效性,并分别分析了自旋梁压电俘能器的压电响应与电阻、转速等重要物理参数之间的关系.数值分析研究表明:(1)自旋梁俘能器的压电响应随电阻阻值的增大而增大,直至阻值达到最优负载电阻;(2)通过调高转速,可以提高压电俘能器的最大输出电压;(3)通过降低轴向载荷,可在保持俘能器高效工作的情况下改善俘能器的高基频现象.     

基于等效电路法的变三角截面驰振压电能量收集研究

随着能源危机的逐渐加剧，人们对压电俘能器研究的投入也与日俱增，目前常见的研究压电俘能器的模拟方法只能研究其接入简单的单一电阻负载电路时的性能，且不能解决压电俘能器的高强度直流电路耦合问题。因此，本文借助二阶范德波尔控制方程将压电俘能器的主要部件等效为电子元件，进而基于等效电路法建立了与变三角截面驰振压电振动俘能器相对应的等效电路模型。借助风洞实验验证了所建立的等效电路模型的准确性。采用该模型研究了外接电路，钝体顶角，外接电阻和来流速度对变三角截面驰振压电俘能器输出电压，输出功率和响应位移的影响，结果表明，随着电阻的增大，输出电压逐渐增大且增长率逐渐减小。交直流电路的最佳负载分别为1.05 MΩ和1.4 MΩ，当风速为7.03 m/s，钝体顶角为90°时，交直流电路输出电压和输出功率的峰值分别为41.34 V，0.974 mW和50.8 V，0.616 mW。随着钝体顶角的增大，输出电压，输出功率和响应位移均逐渐增大且增大的速度逐渐减小。等效电路模型可以高效，准确地对不同结构参数下和外界电路下的压电振动俘能器的输出功率，输出电压，响应位移及其影响因素进行研究，所提出的等效电路模型于加快对压电振动俘能器的研究与推广应用具有一定意义。     

含轴向运动效应的裂纹梁横向振动频率研究

针对含轴向运动效应开口裂纹梁,借助裂纹梁连续等效刚度模型,将裂纹效应引入轴向运动梁的横向振动方程.应用传递矩阵法推导了求解其振动频率的特征方程,计算得到裂纹和运动参数连续变化情况下梁的一阶和二阶固有频率数值解.对裂纹和轴向运动参数对梁的振动频率的联合影响机理进行了分析,研究表明,对于梁的一阶和二阶固有频率,轴向运动速度和裂纹深度具有耦合作用效应.裂纹加深使得由轴向速度带来的频率衰减加速;同时,速度提升导致由裂纹引起的频率衰减变得更加剧烈.相较于二阶频率,耦合作用效应对于一阶频率表现得更加显著.     

附磁压电悬臂梁流致振动俘能特性分析

流致振动蕴含巨大的能量, 本文基于流致振动理论,设计了一种附加磁力激励的压电悬臂梁流致振动俘能器,并通过理论和实验研究其振动俘能特性.该俘能器由压电悬臂梁、圆柱绕流体和磁铁组成;首先基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,推导了流致振动附磁压电俘能器的能量函数,利用Hamilton原理建立了流致振动附磁压电俘能器的机电耦合方程;利用数值方法研究详细分析了流速、圆柱绕流体直径和长度、磁间距、磁极和外接电阻等系统参数对压电俘能器振动特性和输出电压的影响.分析结果表明, 该型压电俘能器的振动幅值在低流速条件下产生涡激振动,并产生最大的输出电压;磁力可以降低压电俘能器的共振频率并能够拓宽压电俘能器频带带宽,因此,附磁压电俘能器具有相比没有附磁的压电俘能器更适用于低速层流环境;实验结果与数值结果吻合较好,验证了附磁压电悬臂梁流致振动俘能器的理论分析的正确性.      

翼型颤振压电俘能器的输出特性研究

压电俘能器能够为自然界中低功率的微机电系统持续供能. 为了模拟机翼的沉浮?俯仰二自由度运动和有效俘获气动弹性振动能量, 本文提出一种新颖的翼型颤振压电俘能器. 基于非定常气动力模型, 推导翼型颤振压电俘能器流?固?电耦合场的数学模型. 建立有限元模型, 模拟机翼的沉浮?俯仰二自由度运动, 获得机翼附近的涡旋脱落和流场特性. 搭建风洞实验系统, 制作压电俘能器样机. 利用实验验证理论和仿真模型的正确性, 仿真分析压电俘能器结构参数对其气动弹性振动响应和俘获性能的影响. 结果表明: 理论分析、仿真模拟和实验研究获得的输出电压具有较好的一致性, 验证建立数学和仿真模型的正确性. 仿真分析获得机翼附近的压力场变化云图, 表明交替的压力差驱动机翼发生二自由度沉浮?俯仰运动. 当风速超过颤振起始速度时, 压电俘能器发生颤振, 并表现为极限环振荡. 当偏心距为0.3和风速为16 m/s时, 可获得最大输出电压为17.88 V和输出功率为1.278 mW. 功率密度为7.99 mW/cm3, 相比较于其他压电俘能器, 能实现优越的俘获性能. 研究结果对设计更高效的翼型颤振压电俘能器提供重要的指导意义.      

附磁压电悬臂梁流致振动俘能特性分析

流致振动蕴含巨大的能量,本文基于流致振动理论,设计了一种附加磁力激励的压电悬臂梁流致振动俘能器,并通过理论和实验研究其振动俘能特性.该俘能器由压电悬臂梁、圆柱绕流体和磁铁组成;首先基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,推导了流致振动附磁压电俘能器的能量函数,利用Hamilton原理建立了流致振动附磁压电俘能器的机电耦合方程;利用数值方法研究详细分析了流速、圆柱绕流体直径和长度、磁间距、磁极和外接电阻等系统参数对压电俘能器振动特性和输出电压的影响.分析结果表明,该型压电俘能器的振动幅值在低流速条件下产生涡激振动,并产生最大的输出电压;磁力可以降低压电俘能器的共振频率并能够拓宽压电俘能器频带带宽,因此,附磁压电俘能器具有相比没有附磁的压电俘能器更适用于低速层流环境;实验结果与数值结果吻合较好,验证了附磁压电悬臂梁流致振动俘能器的理论分析的正确性.     

压电激励圆形曲梁的静态响应及位移控制

研究压电激励圆形曲梁的静态位移响应及位移控制的参数特性。将压电夹层圆形曲梁等效为单层结构,基于一维小曲率曲梁理论,建立其控制方程。在集中弯矩和径向集中力以及电载荷作用下,分析了带压电激励器的圆形悬臂曲梁的静态响应。与有限元结果比较表明:本文的理论模型能够模拟压电激励的小曲率圆形曲梁的静态响应。压电夹层圆形曲梁在任意位置的径向集中力载荷作用下,控制其自由端径向位移响应为零,求得控制电压的解析表达,数值分析表明:随着集中力载荷的位置变化和梁长的变化,最优控制电压将出现峰值和反号。     

参数和直接激励下非线性压电俘能器性能分析的多尺度法

考虑几何非线性、阻尼非线性和梁的轴向不可伸长条件,利用Hamilton变分原理,建立了参数激励和直接激励下压电俘能器的非线性力电耦合的运动微分方程;利用Galerkin法,将所建立的动力学偏微分方程降阶为力电耦合的Mathieu-Duffing型方程;采用多尺度法获得了梁的位移和输出电压的解析表达式,给出了解的稳定性条件;利用解析表达式研究了单独参数激励以及参数激励和直接激励共同作用下阻尼系数对压电俘能器性能的影响。结果表明,在参数激励情况下,线性阻尼会显著影响超临界分岔点的位置,非线性二次阻尼不会影响超临界分岔点的位置。参数激励和直接激励的结合可以作为提升压电能量俘获器性能的解决方案。     

Modeling and analysis of piezoelectric beam with periodically variable cross-sections for vibration energy harvesting

A bimorph piezoelectric beam with periodically variable cross-sections is used for the vibration energy harvesting. The effects of two geometrical parameters on the first band gap of this periodic beam are investigated by the generalized differential quadrature rule (GDQR) method. The GDQR method is also used to calculate the forced vibration response of the beam and voltage of each piezoelectric layer when the beam is subject to a sinusoidal base excitation. Results obtained from the analytical method are compared with those obtained from the finite element simulation with ANSYS, and good agreement is found. The voltage output of this periodic beam over its first band gap is calculated and compared with the voltage output of the uniform piezoelectric beam. It is concluded that this periodic beam has three advantages over the uniform piezoelectric beam, i.e., generating more voltage outputs over a wide frequency range, absorbing vibration, and being less weight.     

基于反激变压器的压电振动能量双向操控技术

压电材料因其具有良好的机电耦合特性, 在振动能量俘获和结构振动控制领域有着良好的应用前景. 基于同步开关和电感的压电元件接口控制电路, 可以通过振荡电路工作原理调节压电元件的电压幅值和相位, 优化压电振动系统的机电能量转化. 优化型同步电荷提取技术即基于上述接口控制电路实现了压电振动能到电能的高效转换. 本文提出了一种衍生于优化型同步电荷提取电路的压电阻尼半主动控制电路, 借鉴反激变压器的原、副边能量转换特性, 实现了压电振动控制系统从电能到机械能的能量操控, 进而达到结构振动抑制的效果. 至此, 结合了压电电荷能提取与压电阻尼半主动控制技术的新电路, 以反激变压器为核心实现了压电振动能量的双向操纵. 论文首先介绍了相应的控制电路及工作原理, 推导了新型同步开关阻尼技术下的结构的振动阻尼比模型, 搭建了压电悬臂梁振动控制实验平台, 最终通过实验验证了理论模型, 并使用更简单的控制方法解决了振动控制系统的稳定性问题.      

附磁阶梯变厚度悬臂梁压电俘能器的理论建模及分析

论文建立了一种附磁阶梯变厚度压电悬臂梁的动力学模型并分析了系统的俘能特性。基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论分段建立系统能量函数并引入非线性磁势能，利用Lagrange方程建立了系统机电耦合动力学方程；利用数值方法分析了磁间距对系统振动特性的影响，此外还研究了系统单稳态和双稳态响应，探讨了厚度比、长度比、磁间距和外激励幅值对系统动力学响应和俘能特性的影响。结果表明，磁间距是影响系统势能的主要因素，调节磁间距可使系统产生单稳态和双稳态响应，从而有效提高俘能器俘能特性；与传统等截面悬臂梁压电俘能器相比，通过优化结构参数，附磁阶梯变厚度悬臂梁压电俘能器能够发生明显的非线性振动现象，实现宽频带振动能量采集。     

Enhanced galloping energy harvester with cooperative mode of vibration and collision

The low power and narrow speed range remain bottlenecks that constrain the application of small-scale wind energy harvesting. This paper proposes a simple, low-cost, and reliable method to address these critical issues. A galloping energy harvester with the cooperative mode of vibration and collision (GEH-VC) is presented. A pair of curved boundaries attached with functional materials are introduced, which not only improve the performance of the vibration energy harvesting system, but also convert more mechanical energy into electrical energy during collision. The beam deforms and the piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) generates electricity during the flow-induced vibration. In addition, the beam contacts and separates from the boundaries, and the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) generates electricity during the collision. In order to reduce the influence of the boundaries on the aerodynamic performance and the feasibility of increasing the working area of the TENG, a vertical structure is designed. When the wind speed is high, the curved boundaries maintain a stable amplitude of the vibration system and increase the frequency of the vibration system, thereby avoiding damage to the piezoelectric sheet and improving the electromechanical conversion efficiency, and the TENG works with the PEH to generate electricity. Since the boundaries can protect the PEH at high wind speeds, its stiffness can be designed to be low to start working at low wind speeds. The electromechanical coupling dynamic model is established according to the GEH-VC operating principle and is verified experimentally. The results show that the GEH-VC has a wide range of operating wind speeds, and the average power can be increased by 180% compared with the traditional galloping PEH. The GEH-VC prototype is demonstrated to power a commercial temperature sensor. This study provides a novel perspective on the design of hybrid electromechanical conversion mechanisms, that is, to combine and collaborate based on their respective characteristics.

     

任意斜裂纹转子的耦合振动研究

对包含不同类型裂纹(横裂纹、横-斜裂纹以及任意斜裂纹)的转子的耦合振动进行研究,以揭示裂纹转子在不同方向上刚度参数的变化规律及其交叉耦合机理,特别是由此引发的振动特征. 对于包含不同类型裂纹的转子轴段,采用六自由度Timoshenko梁单元模型对其进行单元建模,并基于应变能理论推导计算柔度参数和刚度矩阵. 在此基础上, 采用纽马克-$\beta$数值算法求解裂纹转子的运动方程,获得裂纹转子在单故障或多故障激励(不平衡激励、扭转激励或不平衡激励加扭转激励)作用下的耦合振动响应,进而分析耦合振动谱特征. 与横裂纹和横-斜裂纹相比,任意斜裂纹使转子刚度矩阵的交叉耦合效应更显著,导致转子发生更强烈的弯-扭耦合甚至是纵-弯-扭耦合振动.无论是在不平衡激励还是扭转激励作用下, 弯曲振动与扭转振动幅度都更大. 而且,包含不同类型裂纹的转子的耦合振动特征频率,例如旋转基频与二倍频、扭转激励频率及其边带成分的幅值,对裂纹面方向角具有不同的敏感性. 所得的这些研究结果,可以为转子裂纹的特征参数辨识与诊断提供理论依据.      

Analytical modeling of sandwich beam for piezoelectric bender elements

Piezoelectric bender elements are widely used as electromechanical sensors and actuators.An analytical sandwich beam model for piezoelectric bender elements was developed based on the first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT),which assumes a single rotation angle for the whole cross-section and a quadratic distribution function for coupled electric potential in piezoelectric layers,and corrects the effect of transverse shear strain on the electric displacement integration.Free vibration analysis of simply- supported bender elements was carried out and the numerical results showed that,solu- tions of the present model for various thickness-to-length ratios are compared well with the exact two-dimensional solutions,which presents an efficient and accurate model for analyzing dynamic electromechanical responses of bender elements.     

On vibration mitigation and energy harvesting of a non-ideal system with autoparametric vibration absorber system

This paper demonstrates that vibration mitigation and energy harvesting can be achieved simultaneously by using of an electricity-generating from autoparametric vibration absorber system (AVAS) and non-ideal system (NIS). The NIS consists of a simple portal frame excited by a small dc motor with eccentric mass, with limited power supply and located on the top. The AVAS consists of a cantilever beam with tip mass parallel coupled to NIS. A piezoelectric material is considered for energy harvesting installed in the base of the AVAS and an electric circuit is connected to the piezoelectric material in order to produce voltage output. Several numerical simulations were carried out focusing on the passage through the resonance of NIS, when the motor rotational frequency is near the portal frame natural frequency and when the non-ideal subsystem frequency is approximately twice the absorber beam frequency (two-to-one internal resonance). The results showed the existence of Sommerfeld effect in NIS and saturation phenomenon in the NIS–AVAS.     

Modified shooting approach to the non-linear periodic forced response of isotropic/composite curved beams

Large amplitude periodic forced vibration of curved beams under periodic excitation is investigated using a three-noded beam element. The element is based on the higher-order shear deformation theory satisfying interlayer continuity of displacements and transverse shear stress, and top-bottom conditions on the latter. The periodic responses are obtained using shooting technique coupled with Newmark time marching and arc length continuation algorithm developed. The second order governing differential equations of motion are solved without transforming to the first order differential equations thereby resulting in a computationally more efficient algorithm. The effects of excitation amplitude, support conditions and beam curvature on the frequency versus response amplitude relation are highlighted. The typical frequency response curves for isotropic and cross-ply laminated curved beams are presented. Phenomenon of strong modal interactions is observed.