MODELING OF NONLINEAR BEHAVIORS OF IMMERSION JOINT

沉管隧道柔性接头的力学性能是其抗震设计的关键准则. 用有限元方法模拟接头的非线性力学性能需要解决接头处材料非线性和接触非线性两个问题. 为简化分析计算,该文采用分段线性化的方法表征接头的材料非线性问题,引进调整因子改进接触算法中的判断条件,处理接头的边界非线性问题. 通过沉管隧道接头的三维精细化建模,研究了沉管隧道接头在拟静力载荷下的响应,获得了接头的轴向等效刚度曲线、抗弯刚度曲线和非线性耦合的剪切特性曲线,进而分析了不同轴向压力对接头剪切特性的影响.     

基于等效刚度的矩形孔蜂窝梁钢框架结构内力计算方法

蜂窝梁钢框架结构因梁截面沿长度周期性变化，不能直接采用普通钢框架结构矩阵位移法计算框架内力和位移．本文基于等效刚度法推导了矩形孔蜂窝梁的等效抗弯刚度、抗剪刚度和轴向刚度，建立了矩形孔蜂窝梁的单元刚度方程，提出了矩形孔蜂窝梁钢框架内力和位移计算方法．算例理论计算结果与有限元分析结果表明，两种方法计算结果非常接近．本文提出的等效刚度法概念清晰，准确性好，适用于计算蜂窝梁钢框架结构的内力和位移．     

基于连续抗弯刚度模型的裂纹梁动力指纹损伤识别

基于断裂力学的应变能概念,建立裂纹简支梁连续抗弯刚度模型,提出基于连续抗弯刚度模型的裂纹梁动力指纹损伤识别方法。借助有限差分方法、Mathematica软件编程求解裂纹梁动力指纹(固有频率、振型、振型曲率),通过与铰接法及FEM法对不同裂纹工况下裂纹梁固有频率的数值计算比较及误差分析,成功验证了方法的有效性,并探讨了裂纹参数对动力指纹的影响。算例分析表明:连续抗弯刚度模型对裂纹参数变化敏感,裂纹梁抗弯刚度在裂纹处呈现最小值,邻近区域抗弯刚度受裂纹影响明显;裂纹简支梁的动力指纹随裂纹参数的变化呈跨中对称变化;裂纹梁结构的固有频率与振型曲率耦合的识别方法可以较好地识别出梁结构裂纹参数,识别误差为2.23%,证实了基于动力指纹检测裂纹损伤的可行性。本文结果为梁结构裂纹的检测提供了重要的理论依据,有广泛的实用与理论研究前景。     

考虑桥面板空间组合作用的组合空腹夹层板桥刚度研究

针对组合空腹夹层板桥的刚度计算,基于实体单元模型的参数化分析结果,提出了采用刚度放大系数来修正杆系模型结果的实用方法.推导了考虑剪切变形的简支钢空腹梁的等代抗弯刚度,并乘以刚度放大系数来分析混凝土板对结构的影响;与已有试验进行对比,验证壳-实体有限元建模方法的正确性,进一步分析了混凝土板和钢空腹梁截面参数对刚度放大系数...     

压弯作用下焊接空心球节点抗弯刚度研究

焊接空心球节点在大跨度空间结构中的应用越来越广泛。为了深入研究压弯作用下焊接空心球节点的抗弯刚度,采用正交设计法设计了6组12个试件,对试件进行压弯试验,绘制节点的弯矩-转角曲线,并计算得到焊接空心球节点的抗弯刚度。运用有限元软件ABAQUS建立压弯作用下焊接空心球节点模型,采用线性强化应力-应变关系,考虑非线性影响,将试验测量和有限元模拟得到的抗弯刚度进行对比分析,验证有限元模型的准确性。再以有限元模型为基础,计算各个参数对焊接空心球节点抗弯刚度的影响,并通过回归分析提出压弯作用下焊接空心球节点抗弯刚度计算公式。结果表明:管径与球径之比对压弯作用下焊接空心球节点抗弯刚度的影响最大,球壁厚的影响次之,偏心距的影响最小;提出的压弯作用下焊接空心球节点抗弯刚度计算公式较为准确。     

复合材料-金属毛化接头的失效预测模型

针对复合材料与金属连接的一种新型连接形式－毛化接头,建立了其在拉伸载荷作用下的失效模式与破坏载荷的宏－细观预测模型。首先根据毛刺的分布选择合适的代表体积元,建立毛刺层单胞模型,施加周期性边界条件,通过有限元分析得到毛刺层的平均刚度参数。其次,基于累积损伤理论预测毛刺层的单胞强度,分析毛刺层的失效机理。最后,将毛刺层的等效材料参数赋予接头整体模型,预测接头的抗拉强度及失效模式。预测结果与试验值吻合良好。分析结果表明,毛化接头的承载能力和失效模式与毛刺的密度高度、搭接面积等因素密切相关,通过参数设计可获得较高的承载能力。     

基于三维匀质化的砌体墙板平面外性能研究

基于三维匀质化理论,建立了两种砌体的三维匀质化基本单元;将匀质化单元中的砂浆简化为零厚度的界面单元,推导出了三维匀质化砌体单元的平面外等效抗弯刚度的计算公式,并讨论了砂浆的弹性模量、泊松比、水平灰缝厚度与块体高度比值、竖向灰缝厚度与块体长度比值等参数对砌体平面外抗弯刚度的影响。结果表明:随着砂浆弹性模量的增大其对应的砌体匀质化单元的平面外抗弯刚度也增大;砂浆泊松比对砌体匀质化单元的平面外抗弯刚度的影响不大;水平灰缝厚度与块体高度的比值对平面外抗弯刚度的竖向分量影响较大,竖向灰缝厚度与块体长度比值对平面外抗弯刚度的水平向分量影响较大。同时,首次将匀质化后的砌体墙看成板来进行理论分析,借助弹性力学中板的经典理论来求解匀质化后的砌体墙的平面外力学性能,通过和试验数据比较可知理论分析结果与试验数据吻合较好。由于获得了综合考虑块体和砂浆性能的等效体的各种信息,基于三维匀质化理论的方法在考虑整体结构时不必再降低到组成相的层面进行研究。这为分析大型结构提供了方便,具有一定的实用价值,完善了砌体分析理论。     

双金属复合管的静动态力学特性

对双金属复合管单位长度质量的等效截面抗弯曲、抗拉压、抗扭刚度进行了推导。分析了钢-铜、钢-铝双层、铜-钢-铜三层双金属复合管在不同结构和尺寸组合时,其各等效截面刚度与同规格单金属管各截面刚度之比随内层管与总管壁厚之比n的变化规律。获得了最优刚度性能的复合管最佳结构与尺寸组合,能节约贵金属材料。采用等效截面抗弯曲刚度、等效截面抗拉压刚度、等效质量法,推导出双金属复合管弯曲振动和轴向振动固有频率的计算模型;采用等效截面抗扭刚度、等效质量并结合等效转动惯量法,推导出其扭转振动固有频率计算模型。复合管前三阶固有频率的计算值与有限元值相比,最大误差为2.35%;与实测值相比,最大误差为3.15%。研究结果表明:内铝、外钢复合管在抗弯、抗扭方面(n=0.63时)存在最优结构。     

HSSTS新管幕构件受力性能数值分析研究

针对目前管幕工法应用时存在的施工步骤繁琐、抗弯刚度较弱等问题,本文提出了一种采用H型钢连接的新型管幕结构(HSSTS);基于相关构件室内试验结果,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了HSSTS有限元模型,探究了其受力特征和破坏规律;并详细研究了多个部件参数对结构抗弯性能的影响,同时对构件承载力和抗弯刚度进行了多元线性回归分析。结果表明:结构具有较高的横向刚度,钢管壁厚对承载力影响明显,翼缘板厚度对其影响不明显,混凝土强度对其具有一定影响,其极限荷载环比提高百分比平均值分别为5.23%、0.29%、3.94%;基于多元线性回归理论建立的承载力和抗弯刚度回归模型的相关系数分别为0.992和0.927,表明模型拟合效果较好。     

基于代理模型和等效刚度模型的加筋柱壳混合优化设计

针对轴压作用下的加筋柱壳后屈曲性能优化计算较大的问题,本文提出了一种基于代理模型和等效刚度模型的混合优化策略,即运用基于等效刚度的平铺模型进行有限元后屈曲分析以代替试验设计中大量的精细加筋模型分析,并通过控制等效模型的单元尺寸来调整其分析精度,而等效刚度模型计算时长仅约为精细加筋模型的1/3。对构建的代理模型采用多岛遗传算法进行极限承载力等约束下的轻量化设计,调用精细模型有限元后屈曲分析对代理模型进行更新,从而保证代理模型的拟合精度并得到优化解。工程算例结果表明,本文提出的混合优化方法,使加筋柱壳结构在满足承载力情况下减重效果明显。     

基于刚度分解法的输电铁塔结构杆件力分析

提出了输电铁塔应用刚度分解法的分析过程，利用刚度分解法分别建立了铁塔各段等效抗弯刚度矩阵和等效抗剪刚度矩阵代替空间桁架分析法中的总刚度矩阵，求得各段铁塔杆件受力。采用迭代方法求得全塔结构受力，使计算过程简化，实例计算结果与计算机计算结果吻合很好，可为输电铁塔结构设计提供参考。     

Modeling 3D revolute joint with clearance and contact stiffness

The clearances in the kinematic joints are due to deformations, wear, and manufacturing errors; the accurate modeling of these effects in multibody analysis is a complex issue but in many practical applications, it is mandatory to take into them into account in order to understand the actual behavior of mechanical systems. In this paper, the authors present a general computer-aided model of a 3D revolute joint with clearance suitable for implementation in multibody dynamic solvers. While a perfect revolute joint imposes kinematic constraints, the proposed revolute joint with clearance leads to a force constraint. The revolute joint has been modeled by introducing a nonlinear equivalent force system, which takes into account the contact elastic deformations. The model depends on the structural and geometrical properties of materials in contact that have been investigated using finite element models. The purpose is to give a general approach to study the influence of actual joints on kinematic, dynamic, and structural behavior of mechanisms. The proposed model has been applied in dynamic simulations of a spatial slider-crank mechanism.     

钢筋混凝土盾构衬砌结构的三维数值分析

结合地铁盾构隧道工程实例,应用三维有限元模型和ANSYS程序分析了上部和周围土体荷载作用下钢筋混凝土衬砌的应力、应变分布与开裂规律。模型考虑了衬砌与周围土体的共同作用、土体和钢筋混凝土材料的弹塑性性质,通过刚度折减考虑了管片接头不连续性对衬砌应力、应变与开裂性质的影响。     

不同模量理论弹性支承连续梁及框架

弹性支承连续梁及框架结构的内力不仅与各杆件的刚度有关，而且与支承结构的刚度有关．当引入拉压不同模量后，各杆件的抗弯刚度EI不再为常数(与经典力学不同)，而是内力的函数，使结构内力计算成为非线性问题．用分段积分法推导出不同模量弹性支承连续梁及框架的中性轴公式和内力计算表达式并编制非线性内力计算迭代程序．通过实例计算对比分析不同模量与经典力学相同模量两种方法计算结果的差异，最后提出对该类结构计算的合理建议以及利用不同模量对结构进行优化的结论．     

水下航行体螺栓法兰连接结构可靠性分析

螺栓法兰连接结构中的摩擦、接触、间隙及预紧力等因素,会导致水下航行体结构在复杂载荷环境中出现非线性的动力学响应特性,甚至破坏连接结构.目前,常取指定时段内的各类内力最大值同时施加于连接结构进行可靠性分析,导致结构设计偏于保守.为解决此问题,本文基于随机水动力载荷作用下水下航行体结构内力响应数据,分析螺栓法兰连接结构在端面内力组合作用下的最大Mises应力,由此建立连接结构端面内力组合的极限状态面,利用最大熵方法开展螺栓法兰连接结构可靠性分析.为提高分析效率,根据连接结构端面各类内力在塑性极限状态面附近的线性相关性,提出以端面等效弯矩为指标的工程可靠性分析方法,并通过数值仿真分析对可靠性分析结果精度进行校核.     

Analytical extension of Finite Element solution for computing the nonlinear far field of ultrasonic waves scattered by a closed crack

Nonlinear scattering of ultrasonic waves by closed cracks subject to contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN) is determined using a 2D Finite Element (FE) coupled with an analytical approach. The FE model, which includes unilateral contact with Coulomb friction to account for contact between crack faces, provides the near-field solution for the interaction between in-plane elastic waves and a crack of different orientations. The numerical solution is then analytically extended in the far-field based on a frequency domain near-to-far field transformation technique, yielding directivity patterns for all linear and nonlinear components of the scattered waves. The proposed method is demonstrated by application to two nonlinear acoustic problems in the case of tone-burst excitations: first, the scattering of higher harmonics resulting from the interaction with a closed crack of various orientations, and second, the scattering of the longitudinal wave resulting from the nonlinear interaction between two shear waves and a closed crack. The analysis of the directivity patterns enables us to identify the characteristics of the nonlinear scattering from a closed crack, which provides essential understanding in order to optimize and apply nonlinear acoustic NDT methods.     

A general method for impact dynamic analysis of a planar multi-body system with a rolling ball bearing joint

Impact affects the dynamic characteristics of mechanical multi-body systems and damages those rotating parts, such as the joint rolling element bearings, which are high-precision, defect intolerant components. Based on multi-body dynamic theory, Hertzian contact theory, and a continuous contact model, this study proposed a modelling method that can describe the dynamic behaviour of planar mechanical multi-body systems containing a rolling ball bearing joint under impact. In this method, the rigid bodies and bearing joint were connected according to their joint force constraints; the impact constraint between the multi-body system and the target rigid body was constructed using a continuous contact force model. Based on this method, the reflection relationship between the external impacts of the mechanical multi-body system and the variation law governing the dynamic load on the rolling bearing joint were revealed. Subsequently, an impact multi-body system, which was composed of a sliding–crank mechanism containing a rolling ball bearing joint and the target rigid body with an elastic support, was analysed to explore the dynamic response of such a complex discontinuous dynamic system andthe relevant relationship governing the dynamic load on the rolling bearing joint. In addition, a multi-body dynamic simulation software was used to build a virtual prototype of the impact slider–crank system. Compared with the theoretical model, the prototype had an additional deep groove ball bearing. That is to say, the prototype model took account of the specific geometric structural characteristics and the complex contact relationship of the inner and outer races, rolling balls, and bearing cage. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical method proposed in this study was verified by comparative analysis of the results. The results suggested that the external impact of a mechanical multi-body system was prone to induce sudden changes in the equivalent reaction force on its bearing joint and the dynamic load carried on its rolling balls. This study provided an effective method for exploring the distribution characteristics of dynamic loads on rolling ball bearing joints under working impact load conditions. Moreover, it offered support for the parameter optimisation of geometric structure, performance evaluation, and dynamic design of the rolling ball bearings.     

气体钻井中接触非线性问题的数值算法研究

根据动量守恒和钻柱力学的基本理论,建立了气体钻井三维弯曲井眼钻柱动力学模型和钻柱与井壁接触碰撞模型;提出了一种求解钻柱与井壁接触非线性有限元方程的元胞自动机算法。该方法具有编程简单、收敛速度快等优点,以实际工况为例进行仿真模拟,选取有代表性节点的仿真计算结果并加以分析。仿真结果表明:该方法较好地解决了三维弯曲井眼中钻柱与井壁接触碰撞的复杂边界条件问题,在解决气体钻井钻柱与井壁接触非线性问题的研究中具有良好的应用前景。