激光陀螺捷联惯导减振系统动力学建模与仿真

由于激光陀螺固有机抖频率的存在,以及导弹运输、装卸、发射与飞行过程经历的动态环境中振动、冲击、过载等激励,导致激光陀螺在导弹上使用输出精度差。应用多体系统传递矩阵法,建立了激光陀螺捷联惯性测量组合减振多体系统动力学模型,分析激光陀螺固有抖动和导弹振动冲击对激光陀螺输出精度的影响。通过对减振系统动力学模型进行仿真,获得了激光陀螺抖动和导弹冲击环境下激光陀螺捷联惯性测量组合减振系统动态响应。该仿真结果为激光陀螺捷联惯性测量组合减振设计提供理论依据,该分析方法为激光陀螺捷联惯组在导弹上应用提供理论基础。     

捷联惯导系统减振设计

机抖激光陀螺的捷联惯性导航系统结构设计的关键在于惯性测量单元（IMU）的减振设计。文章描述了一种IMU减振系统设计的方法,并在实际应用当中获得良好的效果。IMU减振系统的设计方法主要分为三大内容。首先是对减振系统中减振器的布局方案进行仿真分析,建立减振系统的六自由度振动响应模型,研究减振器布局方案的频谱特性,比较得到减振效果较优的减振器方案。然后针对获得的减振器布局方案,设计IMU结构框架和各向同性的减振器,并采用有限元的方法,对IMU的减振系统进行模态分析,获得IMU减振系统的前20阶模态频率和振型,用有限元仿真分析的方法来验证减振设计。目前这种IMU减振系统的设计方法已应用到某新型捷联惯导系统当中,减少了系统陀螺精度的降低。     

惯性测量系统火箭橇试验振动传递特性

惯性测量系统火箭橇试验过程中,惯性测量系统根据试验要求安装于减振平板上,而减振平板通过金属减振器安装于橇体上。通过振动传感器实时测量和记录橇体、减振平板和惯性测量系统的振动和冲击信号,待试验结束后读取记录存储的数据并进行振动量级、振动传递和减振效果分析。提出了一种描述惯性测量系统火箭橇试验振动传递特性的方法,包括振动谱图例对比、振动谱比值对比和基于AR模型幅值修正的传递函数描述方法。通过对各部分数据进行比较,验证了数据处理方法的正确以及描述惯性测量系统火箭橇试验振动传递特性的有效性。     

惯容器对隔振系统动态性能影响研究

本文设计了一种滚珠丝杠惯容器及ISD隔振系统,通过实验研究了惯性轮的转动惯量对惯容值的影响;同时,分析了滚珠丝杠惯容器的机械动力学特性,推导了ISD隔振系统的振动传递率计算公式,探讨了惯容器对ISD隔振系统动态特性的影响。在电机被动、主动和混合隔振工况下,开展了弹簧阻尼系统和ISD隔振系统的振动性能对比实验,验证了惯容器对振动系统固有频率和减振效果的影响规律。研究结果表明,惯容器可降低振动系统的固有频率,使共振频率向低频移动,共振振幅降低;在共振频率附近,惯容器可抑制共振振幅,惯容值越高,抑制效果越明显;ISD隔振系统在低频的减振效果优于传统的弹簧阻尼系统;随着频率比的增加,ISD隔振系统的传递率趋于稳定值,惯容器会引起高频隔振性能降低。     

激光陀螺捷联惯导系统IMU结构模态分析

随着机抖激光陀螺捷联惯导系统以其诸多优点在军用与民用导航领域得到广泛的应用,对其体积和重量的要求变得越来越严格。机抖激光捷联惯导系统IMU小型化设计的关键在于减振系统的设计,而减振器仿真模型的建立是该减振系统模态仿真分析的难点。针对这一问题,提出一种通过ANSYS中的"Bushing连接"来模拟减振器的方法,并利用模态实验结果修正其参数,最终建立了一个准确的减振器模型,实现了对捷联惯导IMU振动模态的精确仿真与分析,为其IMU结构的进一步小型化设计奠定了基础。     

振动条件下平台角振动对惯导系统误差的影响研究

本文介绍了平台式惯导系统在振动条件下陀螺漂移和加速度误差的变化规律 ,系统分析了平台角振动对惯导系统振动性能的影响。首次提出了振动条件下惯性平台角振动是导致加速度误差和陀螺漂移变化的重要因素。通过稳定回路动态仿真和角振动测试验证了平台角运动与稳定回路动态刚度有十分密切的关系 ,提出了减小平台角振动的改进方案。通过惯导系统振动试验证明了理论分析的正确性和改进措施的有效性     

捷联惯性导航减振系统研究

一本文研究车载捷联惯性导航系统的减振问题。对减振系统的设计、减振器的选型与安装等方面进行了讨论，提出减振系统性能测试和数据处理方法，给出了实验结果。分析振动对仪表测试误差和导航计算误差的影响，并提出了减小误差的措施。     

二频机抖激光捷联系统结构振动分析

二频机抖激光捷联系统中三个激光陀螺抖动会引起惯性器件的耦合振动,产生系统抖动耦合误差,导致惯导系统导航精度下降。二频机抖激光陀螺捷联惯导系统机械结构较为复杂,很难通过解析法求解其振动特性。作者采用有限元方法对二频机抖激光陀螺进行了正弦信号驱动下的瞬态响应分析,并在正弦信号中加入了抖动随机信号,实现了机抖激光陀螺工作状态的仿真。此外,还对二频机抖激光捷联系统的振动特性进行了瞬态响应分析,掌握了系统的耦合振动情况,并进行了功率谱分析。这为激光捷联系统的频率搭配最优化提供了分析方法,对高精度二频机抖激光捷联系统的设计有重要意义。     

捷联惯导基于星体跟踪器的高精度初始对准算法

捷联惯导与小视场星体跟踪器构成惯性/天文组合导航系统,导航精度受导航初始误差和器件误差的综合影响。基于此,提出一种捷联惯导与小视场星体跟踪器相组合的初始对准算法,对导航初始姿态误差和惯性器件误差进行估计修正。捷联惯导初始对准过程完成之后,在地面准静基座条件下做速度和位置阻尼条件下的惯导更新解算,利用捷联惯导系统的速度误差量测及小视场星体跟踪器的导航误差角测量量,设计组合粗对准算法和组合精对准算法,用于对捷联惯导系统的初始对准误差和惯性器件误差做进一步有效估计。仿真结果表明:对中等精度导航级捷联惯导系统,组合对准后水平姿态精度可提高到2’’,方位精度可提高到5’’。     

手性超材料惯容吸振器的扭转振动抑制研究

惯容结构常用于振动抑制中,有着较为良好的减振效果.而惯容与吸振器结合的新型吸振器具有轻量化的优点,然而设计复杂的惯容结构限制了惯容吸振器在振动领域的广泛应用.针对这一局限性,设计一种具有简单高效惯容结构的手性超材料惯容吸振器(CIDVA).首先引入了手性超材料的压缩-扭转耦合效应,并利用该效应放大惯容盘的扭转行程,形成惯容机制.为了保证惯容机制的可行,设计一种辅助机构来保证手性超材料的运动.其次研究了CIDVA结构和工作原理并进行有限元仿真分析,计算和验证其惯容放大常数.并在此基础上建立了CIDVA-主系统的动力学方程,对CIDVA-主系统在稳态和瞬态激励下的扭转振动抑制能力进行了研究,并与锁定CIDVA进行了对比.接着对惯容有效性进行了分析.最后,基于试验验证了CIDVA对主系统的扭转抑振能力.结果表明, CIDVA能在瞬态和稳态激励下有效抑制主系统扭转振动,且相较于传统DVA,能节省自身10倍以上的转动惯量.为DVA实现轻量化设计和高效的振动抑制提供了新思路和方法.     

The effects of Coulomb friction on the performance of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers

We investigate analytically and experimentally the effects of Coulomb friction on the performance of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers (CPVAs), which are used to reduce torsional vibrations in rotating machinery. The analysis is based on perturbation methods applied to the nonlinear equations of motion for a rotor subjected to an engine order applied torque and equipped with a circular path CPVA with viscous and Coulomb damping. The experimental work is based on quantifying parameters for the damping model using free vibration measurements with a viscous and Coulomb damping identification scheme that is enhanced to better handle measurement noise, and running tests for steady-state operation under a range of loading conditions. The level of Coulomb damping is varied by adjusting the friction of the absorber connection bearing. Good agreement is found between the analytical predictions and the experimental data. It is shown that the absorber sticks up to a level of excitation that allows it to release, after which the Coulomb damping acts in the expected manner, resulting in lowered response amplitudes. The results obtained are of general use in assessing absorber performance when dry friction is present in absorber suspensions.     

Novel method for research on exposure to nonlinear vibration transferred by suspension of vehicle

The paper presents novel method for research on exposure to nonlinear vibration of passenger car suspension as nonlinear dynamical system. Also paper provides a discussion on the results of studies addressing the impact exerted by damping properties of shock absorber on the vibrations being generated. The research was conducted on the car forced to vibration by the exciter machine with changeable frequency. The paper addresses results of analysis of application of one of the time-frequency representation techniques to the identification of structure of vibration. The obtained representation of the vibration allows determining time function of separate frequency bands, which represents the isolated vibration dynamics phenomena. Considering the variability of the time and frequency distribution of the vibration even in selected analysed bands, the time function was developed as exposure to vibration estimator. The recommended method makes use of function of exposure to vibration. The advantage of these method is possibilities of precise analysis of chosen frequency bands. The investigations conducted confirm considerable susceptibility to changes in the technical condition of shock absorber with regard to the assessment of human exposure to vibrations.     

Attractors of harmonically forced linear oscillator with attached nonlinear energy sink. II: Optimization of a nonlinear vibration absorber

This paper is the second one in the series of two papers devoted to detailed investigation of the response regimes of a linear oscillator with attached nonlinear energy sink (NES) under harmonic external forcing and assessment of possible application of the NES for vibration absorption and mitigation. In this paper, we study the performance of a strongly nonlinear, damped vibration absorber with relatively small mass attached to a periodically excited linear oscillator. We present a nonlinear absorber tuning procedure in the vicinity of (1:1) resonance which provides the best total system energy suppression, using analytical and numerical tools. A linear absorber is also tuned according to the same criterion of total system energy suppression as the nonlinear one. Both optimally tuned absorbers are compared under common parameters of damping, external forcing but different absorber stiffness characteristics; certain cases for which nonlinear absorber is preferable over the linear one are revealed and confirmed numerically.     

一种含放大机构的负刚度动力吸振器的参数优化

在大多数情况下机械振动是有害的,它不仅产生噪声还会降低设备的工作精度和使用寿命.采用正刚度特性的吸振、隔振系统往往难以达到满意效果,这种情况在低频振动控制系统中尤其明显.放大机构与负刚度元件在振动控制领域均表现出良好性能,但是较少有对同时含有放大机构与负刚度装置的动力吸振系统的研究.以Voigt型动力吸振器为基础提出了一种将放大机构应用于含负刚度弹簧元件的动力吸振器模型,对该模型的最优参数进行了研究.首先建立了系统的运动微分方程并得到了其解析解,发现该系统存在两个固定点,利用固定点理论得到了动力吸振器的最优频率比.根据负刚度的特性,在保证系统稳定的前提下得到了最优负刚度比,并推导了系统的近似最优阻尼比.通过数值仿真验证了解析解的正确性.与多种动力吸振器在简谐激励与随机激励下进行了对比,说明了本文模型相比于已有的动力吸振器,能够大幅降低共振振幅、拓宽减振频带并且降低系统的谐振频率,为设计新型动力吸振器模型提供了理论依据.      

Suppression of super-harmonic resonance response using a linear vibration absorber

Super-harmonic resonances may appear in the forced response of a weakly nonlinear oscillator having cubic nonlinearity, when the forcing frequency is approximately equal to one-third of the linearized natural frequency. Under super-harmonic resonance conditions, the frequency-response curve of the amplitude of the free-oscillation terms may exhibit saddle-node bifurcations, jump and hysteresis phenomena. A linear vibration absorber is used to suppress the super-harmonic resonance response of a cubically nonlinear oscillator with external excitation. The absorber can be considered as a small mass-spring-damper oscillator and thus does not adversely affect the dynamic performance of the nonlinear primary oscillator. It is shown that such a vibration absorber is effective in suppressing the super-harmonic resonance response and eliminating saddle-node bifurcations and jump phenomena of the nonlinear oscillator. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the absorber in attenuating the super-harmonic resonance response.     

时变参数时滞减振控制研究

时滞动力吸振器对谐波激励有着良好的减振控制效果,但对随机激励的减振控制效果却并不明显,具体表现为时滞动力吸振器对随机激励的减振控制效果与被动吸振器几乎相同。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种新的时变参数时滞减振控制方法。在原有时滞减振控制方法的基础上,首先将时滞增益系数由定值形式变为时间函数形式,然后通过时变优化得到多组时滞控制参数并使其以一定时间周期循环作用于减振控制过程,通过这种方法进一步改善了时滞动力吸振器减振性能。本文最后以二自由度时滞动力吸振器减振模型为例,以主系统的振动响应为仿真对象,运用精细积分法求解了具有时变时滞参数的时滞动力学方程,以此得到了在谐波激励和随机激励作用下主系统振动的时域仿真结果。研究结果表明,在时变参数时滞动力吸振器的控制下,主系统无论是受谐波激励作用还是受随机激励作用,其振动位移、振动速度和振动加速度均比在定值参数时滞动力吸振器控制下时有大幅的减少,时滞动力吸振器的减振性能有了明显的改善。      

Design of a tuned vibration absorber for a slender hollow cylindrical structure

Abstract

In this paper, details of the design work for a tuned vibration absorber to be used on a hollow cylindrical structure is presented. The vibration problem is of resonant type and the tuned vibration absorber is designed to suppress the displacement vibration response of the free end of the slender hollow structure dominated by the contribution of its lowest transverse vibration modes. The structure is modeled using a commercial finite element software. Finite element model of the structure is verified using experimentally obtained frequency response functions and modal parameters. Effective parameters of the tuned vibration absorber design are then determined based on finite element analysis simulations of the vibration suppression performance of the tuned vibration absorber as it is used on the structure. Details of the tuned vibration absorber design are determined and a prototype is fabricated. Prototype tuned vibration absorber is then characterized experimentally both as a standalone system and also as it is used on the main structure. Vibration reduction performance of the physical prototype of the tuned vibration absorber is also compared with its vibration reduction performance estimated from finite element analysis simulations so that the analysis based design process can be validated.

Communicated by Dumitru Caruntu.     

Amplitude reduction of primary resonance of nonlinear oscillator by a dynamic vibration absorber using nonlinear coupling

The paper presents the characteristics of a new type of nonlinear dynamic vibration absorber for a main system subjected to a nonlinear restoring force under primary resonance. The absorber is connected to the main system by a link in order to be excited with twice the frequency of the motion of the main system. The natural frequency of the absorber is tuned to be twice the natural frequency of the main system, in contrast to autoparametric vibration absorber, whose natural frequency is tuned to be one-half the natural frequency of the main system. The presented absorber is not excited through the autoparametric resonance, i.e., no trivial equilibrium state exists. Therefore, the absorber always oscillates because of the motion of the main system and cannot be trapped by Coulomb friction acting on the absorber, in contrast to the autoparametric vibration absorber. Under small excitation amplitude, this absorber does not produce an overhang in the frequency response curve, which occurs because of the use of the conventional autoparametric vibration absorber; the overhang renders the response amplitude larger than that in the case without an absorber. In addition, the absorber removes the hysteresis in the frequency response curve caused by the nonlinearity of the restoring force acting on the main system. Regarding large excitation amplitude, the response amplitude in the main system can be decreased by increasing the damping of the absorber, but that decrease is limited by the nonlinearity in the restoring force acting on the main system. This paper also describes experimental validation of the absorber under small excitation amplitude using a simple apparatus.