基于子结构的非线性参数系统动力反演方法研究

研究了输入、输出不完备情况下的非线性参数系统动力反演问题.将子结构技术与分解算法相结合,引入广义逆,无需迭代.直接求得待识别参数的极小范数最小二乘解,反演获得未知输入荷载.本文从理论上论证了该方法的收敛性和严格的适用条件,为有限测点条件下非线性参数系统的动力反演问题提供了一个较好的解决方法.与全量补偿算法相比,计算效率大大提高,具有广泛的工程实际应用前景.数值算例表明该方法具有很好的参数识别精度及荷载反演效果.     

基于POD-RBF代理模型的迭代更新反演方法

针对常规的水工大坝等大型工程结构参数反演需要耗费大量有限元正分析机时的问题,建立了具有较好反演精度和泛化性能的POD-RBF代理模型和快速迭代更新反演算法。基于有限元分析获得足量数据样本,利用POD提取本征向量,并使用RBF方法进行插值得到有限元模型的代理模型;同时结合粒子群算法的全局寻优能力和高斯-牛顿法的快速局部收敛优势,建立了一种新的高效率迭代反演方法,并应用于混凝土大坝分区弹性模量反演。结果表明,该方法适用于大坝等大体积混凝土结构的力学参数反演。同时,相较于传统的单一反演方法,该方法在反演效率和反演精度两方面均显示出优势。     

爆破地震信号的分形盒维数值分析

在岩石场地进行了单段深孔爆破试验,获得了具有该场地特征的爆破地震波传播规律。从理论上推导了爆破地震波振动强度衰减系数K和与分形盒维数D以及盒维数计算中-lg(k) lgNk的双对数拟合直线方程参数b的关系。采用了适用于爆破地震波曲线双尺度特征的矩形盒模型计算了爆破地震波的盒维数D。数据分析表明:在同一场地条件下,爆破地震波的盒维数比较稳定,且爆破地震波振动强度的场地衰减指数与D为两倍的关系;药量和距离对盒维数拟合直线方程参数b的影响明显,且其关系与场地衰减指数对爆破地震波峰值强度的作用相近。通过数据分析,获得了参数b与爆破地震波振动峰值A的关系式:b=0.689lgA+3.0669,其相关系数为0.93。     

部分输入未知时求解动力复合反演问题的补偿算法

将作者提出的全量补偿算法[8] 推广为一类适用于一般多自由度系统的时域补偿识别算法。该方法是基于最小二乘原则的一类迭代计算方法 ,对于结构上的部分作用力已知的情况 ,可用来同时识别结构的参数并反演输入。文中应用不同类型的结构分析实例说明了此方法适用于实际工程动力检测的可能性。     

动载荷识别的广义域模态模型及其精度分析研究

基于广义域模态模型提出了一种仅用系统响应输出识别动态载荷的方法。以系统中的其它点作激励点来代替常常为不可达的实际载荷作用点，通过辨识得到系统模态参数并在模态和物理两种坐标下对动态载荷作出估算，从而避免通常对系统修改结构或改变边界条件而导致的识别误差。对该模型的误差传播牧场性与识别精度分析结果表明该方法能适用于工程实际动载荷测量。     

基于泰勒级数展开的区间反演方法

实际结构或构件的几何与材料参数总包含不确定性,在对结构计算模型进行精确分析时,有时需要对参数不确定性进行量化。本文提出了一种用于区间参数识别的反演方法,即基于泰勒级数展开式分别建立参数与响应的区间中值、区间半径的对应函数关系,并通过构建两个反演问题来分步识别参数区间中值和半径,以避免区间扩张现象和简化优化反演过程。通过数值质-弹系统初步验证了方法的可行性,然后基于一组钢板的动测数据,识别了钢板的几何及材料特性参数的区间范围。研究结果表明,本文方法具有良好的区间反演精度,能有效地避免区间扩张现象,可以用于实际工程区间问题的求解。     

边坡预裂爆破参数优化研究

边坡工程施工中常用到预裂爆破,预裂爆破参数对爆破降震起着非常重要的作用。通过大量的预裂爆破试验,得出了适用于该边坡的炮孔直径、炮孔间距、线装药密度、不耦合系数等一系列常规预裂爆破参数。通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟,得出了与4种炮孔直径对应的理想的预裂爆破参数,且与爆破试验的结果基本一致。通过回归分析,得出了用于该边坡选取预裂爆破参数的简易公式,用以指导该工程的后续施工。实践证明,采用爆破试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,对于爆破参数的优化选择,效果明显。     

基于弹性波反演的压力管道损伤识别

基于弹性波的波动方程反演提出压力管道的损伤检测方法，根据直杆的波动方程，用直杆的横截面积作为反演参数模拟管道损伤，在优化思想下利用序列二次规划对其进行数值反演，达到损伤识别。     

高层建筑风荷载反演研究

本文研究了结构参数未知条件下的高层建筑风荷载反演问题,通过将平均风速的实测特性作为识别计算中的辅助条件,文中提出了一类荷载归一化统计平均方法,结合工程实例,进行了高层建筑风荷载反演分析,结果表明,本文建议方法可以在幅值、时程等方面均给出良好的风荷载反演结果,同时识别得到的结构参数具有良好的精度。从而为高层建筑风荷载研究提供了一条可行途径。     

基于模态参数考虑边界条件变异的桥梁结构损伤识别

根据桥梁结构的实际工程特性,分析其边界条件变异、结构损伤及其参数变化,采用约束优化理论,建立以实测和理论模态参数误差平方和最小为目标函数的优化反演问题。基于矩阵摄动理论引入与结构动力方程对应的特征值和特征向量的一阶、二阶摄动量,将优化反演问题简化为非线性最小二乘法优化反演问题。针对桥梁结构边界条件对模态参数影响显著的实际情况,实施桥梁结构边界条件预识别,采用单元模态应变能方法预定位损伤,提出考虑边界条件变异的桥梁结构损伤识别具体流程。以一磁浮轨道梁方案为例,采用数值模拟进行边界条件变异及损伤的识别验证,结果表明:该方法能够有效识别边界条件的变异及构件损伤,识别参数的相对误差最大为12.48%,具有较高的识别精度。     

Identifying Multidimensional Damage in a Hierarchical Dynamical System

In this paper, we present a novel method for multidimensional damage identification based on a dynamical systems approach to damage evolution. This approach does not depend on the knowledge of particular damage physics, and is appropriate for systems where damage evolves on much slower time scale than the directly observable dynamics. In an experimental context, the phase space reconstruction and locally linear models are used to quantify small distortions occurring in a dynamical system's phase space due to damage accumulation. These measurements are then related to the drifts in damage variables. A mathematical model of a harmonically driven cantilever beam in a force field of two battery-powered electromagnets is used to demonstrate validity of the method. It is explicitly demonstrated that an affine projection of the described feature vector accurately tracks the two competing damage processes. For practical damage identification purposes, the tracking data is analyzed using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and smooth orthogonal decomposition (SOD) methods. Both methods correctly identify the two dominant damage modes. However, the SOD is more impervious to changes in fast-time dynamics and provides a significantly better signal-to-noise ratio. The damage modes identified using SOD are demonstrated to be within a linear transformation from the actual damage states and can be used to reconstruct the corresponding phase space trajectory.     

A new procedure for exploring chaotic attractors in nonlinear dynamical systems under random excitations

Due to uncertain push-pull action across boundaries between different attractive domains by random excitations,attractors of a dynamical system will drift in the phase space,which readily leads to colliding and mixing with each other,so it is very difficult to identify irregular signals evolving from arbitrary initial states.Here,periodic attractors from the simple cell mapping method are further iterated by a specific Poincare’ map in order to observe more elaborate structures and drifts as well as possible dynamical bifurcations.The panorama of a chaotic attractor can also be displayed to a great extent by this newly developed procedure.From the positions and the variations of attractors in the phase space,the action mechanism of bounded noise excitation is studied in detail.Several numerical examples are employed to illustrate the present procedure.It is seen that the dynamical identification and the bifurcation analysis can be effectively performed by this procedure.     

利用瑞雷波法评价既有铁路路基

根据瑞雷波频散相速度能够反演地层的剪切波速度结构 ,瑞雷波的特性使得瑞雷波法具有良好的场地适应性 ,在望京至和平里的既有铁路路基探测中 ,结合反射波法的CDP技术和瑞雷波谱分析技术 ,获得了 2 -D剪切波速度剖面 ,根据剪切波速度与轻型动力触探击数的一致性 ,从而能够在垂直和水平两个方向上对铁路路基进行评价     

Topology identification of complex networks from noisy time series using ROC curve analysis

As it is known, there is various unknown information in most real world networks, such as uncertain topological structure and node dynamics. Thus how to identify network topology from dynamical behaviors is an important inverse problem for physics, biology, engineering, and other science disciplines. Recently, with the help of noise, a method to predict network topology has been proposed from the dynamical correlation matrix, which is based on a general, one-to-one correspondence between the correlation matrix and the connection matrix. However, the success rate of this prediction method depends on the threshold, which is related to the coupling strength and noise intensity. Different coupling strength and noise intensity result in different success rate of prediction. To deal with this problem, we select a desirable threshold to improve the success rate of prediction by using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. By the technique of ROC curve analysis, we find that the accuracy and efficiency of topology identification is mainly determined by coupling strengths. The success rate of estimation will be reduced if the coupling is too weak or too strong. The presence of noise facilitates topology identification, but the noise intensity is not always crucial to the effectiveness of topology identification.     

含三次耦合项的两自由度Duffing系统的共振及混沌行为

研究了一类含三次耦合项的两自由度Duffing系统的动力学行为。首先应用多尺度方法近似求解系统的一阶稳态响应。通过讨论系统的主共振和1∶1内共振,分析了三次耦合项对系统响应的影响。随后研究系统随外加周期力强度变化的分岔过程,发现除了常见的倍周期分岔通向混沌外,还存在一种直接由周期运动进入混沌的突发路径。结合对系统的最大Lyapunov指数,相轨图及Poincar啨映射的分析验证了上述结论。     

基于Welch法的协方差随机子空间方法的模态参数识别

对工程结构进行环境激励下的模态参数识别具有重要意义, 而随机子空间法作为适合环境激励下模态参数识别的时域方法, 由于噪声和复杂激励的原因, 会产生虚假模态、真实模态遗漏、系统自动定阶难和计算效率等问题, 这些问题阻碍了该方法在实际工程中的广泛应用. 本文提出了基于Welch法的随机子空间方法, 通过Welch法对振动响应在频域进行去噪、降低环境激励和其他不确定性因素影响的处理, 把结构固有模态从噪声和激励频率中突显出来, 形成富含更多结构模态的Toeplitz矩阵, 然后进行奇异值分解和状态矩阵计算, 最后进行特征值分析. 为了实现自动定阶, 对不同奇异值分量构建的状态矩阵得到的特征参数, 进行模糊C均值聚类分析和模态的平均相位偏移分析, 剔除虚假模态, 实现结构模态参数的自动识别. 并把本文所提出方法应用于一座大跨悬索桥的实测加速度响应分析, 和一座七十层的高层建筑的加速度响应分析, 跟频域分解法、传统随机子空间法和基于相关分析的随机子空间法的计算结果进行了比较, 发现基于Welch方法的随机子空间法相比于传统随机子空间法和基于相关分析的随机子空间法, 在避免模态遗漏和计算效率方面有显著提高, 而相对于频域分解法则在自动识别和剔除虚假模态方面有明显优势.      

Bifurcation characteristics analysis of a class of nonlinear dynamical systems based on singularity theory

A method for seeking main bifurcation parameters of a class of nonlinear dynamical systems is proposed. The method is based on the effects of parametric variation of dynamical systems on eigenvalues of the Frechet matrix. The singularity theory is used to study the engineering unfolding(EU) and the universal unfolding(UU) of an arch structure model, respectively. Unfolding parameters of EU are combination of concerned physical parameters in actual engineering, and equivalence of unfolding parameters and physical parameters is verified. Transient sets and bifurcation behaviors of EU and UU are compared to illustrate that EU can reflect main bifurcation characteristics of nonlinear systems in engineering. The results improve the understanding and the scope of applicability of EU in actual engineering systems when UU is difficult to be obtained.     

Fractional Birkhoffian method for equilibrium stability of dynamical systems

In this paper, we present a new method, i.e. fractional Birkhoffian method, for stability of equilibrium positions of dynamical systems, in terms of Riesz derivatives, and study its applications. For an actual dynamical system, the fractional Birkhoffian method of constructing a fractional dynamical model is given, and then the seven criterions for fractional Birkhoffian method of equilibrium stability are established. As applications, by using the fractional Birkhoffian method, we construct four kinds of actual fractional dynamical models, which include a fractional Duffing oscillator model, a fractional Whittaker model, a fractional Emden model and a fractional Hojman–Urrutia model, and we explore the equilibrium stability of these models respectively. This work provides a general method for studying the equilibrium stability of an actual fractional dynamical system that is related to science and engineering.     

有限宽轴承-转子系统非线性行为研究

利用平均本征值法求得有限宽轴承的油膜力．以刚性Jeffcott转子为研究对象，借助数值积分并结合Poincare映射研究了轴承-转子系统的非线性动力学行为．所得结果为平均本征值法用于同类型的工程实际问题打下了一定的基础．     

AN IMPROVED IRS METHOD FOR STRUCTURE MODEL CONDENSATION1)

模型缩聚法在结构的静力和动力特性分析中有着广泛的应用。应用模型缩聚法,可以有效降低结构的有限元计算规模,节省计算时间和成本,并能获得和实验测量自由度相匹配的有限元模型。本文在改进模型缩聚方法(improved reduced system, IRS)的基础上,提出一种考虑二阶惯性量的改进IRS方法,有效改进了IRS方法的计算精度,和模型缩聚迭代法(iterated IRS, IIRS)相比,此方法计算量更小且计算精度更高。以桁架结构和框架结构为例对所提二阶IRS方法进行了验证,并将计算结果与精确值、Guyan缩聚解、IRS缩聚解和IIRS缩聚解进行了比较,结果表明了所提方法计算精度最好,具有良好的工程应用前景。