NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OIL MIGRATION-ACCUMULATION OF MULTILAYER AND ITS APPLICATION

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Simulation and application of three-dimensional migration-accumulation of oil resources

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Parameters identification of cable stayed footbridges using Bayesian inference

Numerical modeling of actual structural systems is a very complex task mainly due to the lack of complete knowledge on the involved parameters. Simplified assumptions on the uncertain geometry, material properties and boundary conditions make the numerical model response differ from the actual structural response. Improvements of the finite element (FE) models to obtain accurate response predictions can be achieved by vibration based FE model updating which uses experimental measures to minimize the differences between the numerical and experimental modal features (i.e. natural frequencies and mode shapes). Within this context, probabilistic model updating procedures based on the Bayes’ theorem were recently proposed in the literature in order to take into account the uncertainties affecting the structural parameters and their influence on the structural response. In this paper, a novel framework to efficiently estimate the posterior marginal PDF of the selected model parameters is proposed. First, the main dynamic parameters to be used for model updating are identified by ambient vibration tests on an actual structural system. Second, a first numerical FE model is developed to perform initial sensitivity analysis. Third, a surrogate model based on polynomial chaos is calibrated on the initial FE model to significantly reduce computational costs. Finally, the posterior marginal PDFs of the chosen model parameters are estimated. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using a FE numerical model describing a curved cable-stayed footbridge located in Terni (Umbria Region, Central Italy).

     

楔形罩线型聚能装药侵彻钢锭

为了获得楔形罩线型聚能装药射流侵彻钢锭的特点和规律,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了三维数值计算模型,并进行了数值模拟。在此基础上,进行了实际的切割实验:对于某一炸高条件,切割深度随时间的增加先快速增加,后缓慢增加;对于不同的炸高,切割深度随炸高的增加而缓慢增加,当炸高为40~60 mm和70~120 mm时,侵彻深度表现出对炸高的不敏感性;同时,获得了不同炸高条件下不同时刻的钢锭切口断面形状。结果表明,数值模拟和切割实验结果有很好的一致性,可以用该三维数值计算模型模拟实际切割器侵彻钢靶的过程,并获得其特点和规律。     

Analysis of rheological deformation of soil by means of finite element method

A linear time-dependent viscoelastic behavior of soil is analyzed by the finite element method (FEM), which has great advantage in obtaining an approximate numerical solution of deformation or stress of a continuous body under complex boundary conditions, as known nowadays worldwide. A rheological three-element model, which is easily handled and represents rationally the actual behavior of soil, is suggested to obtain the rheological constants and the constitutive equation of soil. As actual examples of soil behavior, a stress relaxation of a soil block and a time-dependent sinkage of a rigid wheel are calculated by FEM and are also compared with test results and theoretical values.     

Careful numerical simulation and analysis of migration-accumulation of Tanhai Region

Numerical simulation of careful parallel arithmetic of oil resources migration-accumulation of Tanhai Region (three-layer) was done. Careful parallel operator splitting-up implicit iterative scheme, parallel arithmetic program, parallel arithmetic information and alternating-direction mesh subdivision were put forward.Parallel arithmetic and analysis of different CPU combinations were done. This numerical simulation test and the actual conditions are basically coincident. The convergence estimation of the model problem has successfully solved the difficult problem in the fields of permeation fluid mechanics, computational mathematics and petroleum geology.     

黄河黑山峡大柳树坝坝址岩体渗漏量及灌浆量数值模拟研究

大坝坝址岩体的渗漏研究对于大坝的安全运营至关重要。在进行渗漏治理的措施中,灌浆是常见的一种,但目前确定灌浆的各项参数,如配合比,孔距等,需通过灌浆试验花费大量的人财物力及时间才能确定。为快速查清每一种灌浆方案所灌浆量,本文针对模拟坝址水库渗漏灌浆效果的三维数值模拟开展了计算研究。在对大柳树坝坝址岩体地质情况及渗漏情况分析的基础上,将蓄水前的地下水运移规律模拟出,与实际通过钻孔平硐资料及分析得出的实际地下水运移规律做比较,验证对地下水运移规律的假设; 然后将蓄水后的地下水运移规律模拟出,确定地下水的运移规律,了解地下水运移的方向,验证与根据实际情况初步判断的地下水运移方向是否吻合; 最后通过数值模拟确定在一定灌浆浆液配合比的情况下所需灌浆量与实际的灌浆试验结果做比较。得出结果与实际灌浆试验结果吻合,证明通过数值模拟,建立浆液配合比与灌浆效果之间的关系,在类似情况快速地选取配合比是可行的。     

弹塑性接触问题数值计算的二次规划算法

针对弹塑性接触问题所推得的数值求解式子,运用二次规划法具体设计了算法,该算法采用有限的基底交换运算就可得到收敛的数值解,具有较好的收敛性及较小的计算工作量.工程计算算例结果表明文章所提出的接触问题的求解方法是有效的,针对结构中接触问题所建立的数值计算模型能真实反映实际工作状况是可靠的.文章中还详细给出了接触单元相关矩阵和向量的具体推导形式.     

A finite difference self-adaptive mesh solution of flow in a sedimentation tank

A new numerical model has been developed to evaluate the removal efficiency of primary sedimentation clarifiers operating at neutral density condition. The velocity and concentration fields as well as the development in time and space of the settled particle bed thickness are simulated. The main difficulties in simulation of velocity and concentration fields are related to (1) numerical instabilities produced by the prevalence of convective terms in the unknown variable high-gradient regions and (2) turbulence effects on the suspension of solid particles from the settled bed. The need to overcome the numerical instabilities without the upwind difference approximation, which introduces high numerical viscosity, suggests the use of non-uniform grids of calculation. The velocity field is obtained by solving the motion equations in the vorticity and streamfunction formulation by means of a new numerical method based upon a dynamically self-adjusting calculation grid. These grids allow for a finer mesh following the evolution of the unknown quantities. A k–? model is used to simulate turbulence phenomena. The sedimentation field is found by solving the diffusion and transport equation of the solid particle concentration. Boundary conditions on the bottom line are imposed relating the amount of turbulence flux and sedimentation flux to the actual concentration and the reference concentration. Such an approach makes it possible to represent the solid particle suspension from the bottom, taking into account its dependence on (1) the characteristics and the evolution in time of the settled bed, (2) the velocity component parallel to the bottom line and (3) the turbulence structure.     

Numerical simulation of mushrooms during freezing using the FEM and an enthalpy: Kirchhoff formulation

The shelf life of mushrooms is very limited since they are susceptible to physical and microbial attack; therefore they are usually blanched and immediately frozen for commercial purposes. The aim of this work was to develop a numerical model using the finite element technique to predict freezing times of mushrooms considering the actual shape of the product. The original heat transfer equation was reformulated using a combined enthalpy-Kirchhoff formulation, therefore an own computational program using Matlab 6.5 (MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts) was developed, considering the difficulties encountered when simulating this non-linear problem in commercial softwares. Digital images were used to generate the irregular contour and the domain discretization. The numerical predictions agreed with the experimental time–temperature curves during freezing of mushrooms (maximum absolute error <3.2°C) obtaining accurate results and minimum computer processing times. The codes were then applied to determine required processing times for different operating conditions (external fluid temperatures and surface heat transfer coefficients).     

Transient hydrodynamics of in-line valves in viscoelastic pressurized pipes: long-period analysis

The literature contains few reports devoted to the analysis of the effects of a partially closed in-line valve on the characteristics of transients in viscoelastic pressurized pipes. In this paper a contribution to the analysis of the long-period behavior of pressure is offered from both the experimental and numerical modeling point of view. In the first part, laboratory tests and the related results??noticeably extensive with respect to the existing literature??are examined. More precisely, the dependance of the damping of the dimensionless pressure maximum values on the initial conditions and in-line valve local head loss coefficient is shown. In the second part, a 1-D numerical model is developed by determining its parameters within a physically based procedure. Model parameters are obtained by considering transients in a constant-diameter pipe (single pipe) and then exported to the case of pipes with a partially closed in-line valve (in-line valve pipe). Moreover, particular attention is devoted to the modalities of specifying boundary conditions. In particular, the quasi-steady-state approach is followed for determining the transient local head loss due to the partially closed in-line valve and the actual supply conditions and characteristics of the maneuver are taken into account. Finally, the effect of unsteady friction and viscoelasticity is examined in both single and in-line valve pipes.     

Semi-analytical three-dimensional elasticity solutions for generally laminated composite plates

Semi-analytical solutions for bending and free vibration of composite laminated plates have been derived based on three-dimensional elasticity theory using a newly developed hybrid analysis, which perfectly combines the state space approach (SSA) and the technique of differential quadrature (DQ). The thickness direction of laminates is selected as the transfer direction in SSA, and the DQ technique is employed to discretize the in-plane domains. This actualizes the transformation of the original partial differential equations into a state equation consisting of first-order ordinary differential equations. In particular, the use of DQ technique makes ease of the treatment of various boundary conditions, which cannot be considered in the conventional exact SSA. To avoid numerical instabilities in the conventional transfer matrix method, artificial interfaces are introduced to divide each layer into several sub-layers to reduce the transfer distance and the joint coupling matrices are established according to the continuity conditions at actual and artificial interfaces to implement the global analysis. Comprehensive numerical examples are preformed to validate the present hybrid method. Effects of some parameters on mechanical properties of the laminates are discussed.     

Optimal control of stretching process of flexible solar arrays on spacecraft based on a hybrid optimization strategy

The optimal control of multibody spacecraft during the stretching process of solar arrays is investigated,and a hybrid optimization strategy based on Gauss pseudospectral method(GPM) and direct shooting method(DSM) is presented. First, the elastic deformation of flexible solar arrays was described approximately by the assumed mode method, and a dynamic model was established by the second Lagrangian equation. Then, the nonholonomic motion planning problem is transformed into a nonlinear programming problem by using GPM. By giving fewer LG points, initial values of the state variables and control variables were obtained. A serial optimization framework was adopted to obtain the approximate optimal solution from a feasible solution. Finally, the control variables were discretized at LG points, and the precise optimal control inputs were obtained by DSM. The optimal trajectory of the system can be obtained through numerical integration. Through numerical simulation, the stretching process of solar arrays is stable with no detours, and the control inputs match the various constraints of actual conditions.The results indicate that the method is effective with good robustness.     

Numerical simulation of tidal bore in Hangzhou Gulf and Qiantangjiang

In this paper, a new numerical model, based on a set of non‐linear shallow water equations is developed for the simulation of the formation and evolution of tidal bore in the Hangzhou Gulf and Qiantangjiang river of China. The numerical method and boundary conditions are described in detail. The method is validated against analytical solutions and experimental data. Simulation of the actual tidal bore in Hangzhou Gulf and its propagation in the Qiantangjiang river are performed. Numerical results show that this proposed method is effective for the prediction of tidal bore and current flow at the entrance of Qiantangjiang river. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new analytical solution to axisymmetric Blot''s consolidation of a finite soil layer

A new analytical method is presented to study the axisymmetric Blot's consolidation of a finite soil layer. Starting from the governing equations of axisymmetric Blot's consolidation, and based on the property of Laplace transform, the relation of basic variables for a point of a finite soil layer is established between the ground surface (z= 0) and the depth z in the Laplace and Hankel transform domains. Combined with the boundary conditions of the finite soil layer, the analytical solution of any point in the transform domain can be obtained. The actual solution in the physical domain can be obtained by inverse Laplace and Hankel transforms. A numerical analysis for the axisymmetric consolidation of a finite soil layer is carried out.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of fretting crack formation based on 3D X-FEM frictional contact fatigue crack model

Nowadays, numerical simulation of 3D fatigue crack growth is easily handled using the eXtended Finite Element Method coupled with level set techniques. The finite element mesh does not need to conform to the crack geometry. Most difficulties associated to complex mesh generation around the crack and the re-meshing steps during the possible propagation are hence avoided. A 3D two-scale frictional contact fatigue crack model developed within the X-FEM framework is presented in this article. It allows the use of a refined discretization of the crack interface independent from the underlying finite element mesh and adapted to the frictional contact crack scale. A stabilized three-field weak formulation is also proposed to avoid possible oscillations in the local solution linked to the LBB condition when tangential slip is occurring. Two basic three-dimensional numerical examples are presented. They aim at illustrating the capacities and the high level of accuracy of the proposed X-FEM model. Stress intensity factors are computed along the crack front. Finally an experimental 3D ball/plate fretting fatigue test with running conditions inducing crack nucleation and propagation is modeled. 3D crack shapes defined from actual experimental ones and fretting loading cycle are considered. This latter numerical simulation demonstrates the model ability to deal with challenging actual complex problems and the possibility to achieve tribological fatigue prediction at a design stage based on the fatigue crack modeling.     

Reconstruction of part of an actual blast-wave flow field to agree with experimental data by using numerical method with high identification

In this paper, on the basis of experimental data of two kinds of chemical explosions, the piston-pushing model of spherical blast-waves and the second-order Godunov-type scheme of finite difference methods with high identification to discontinuity are used to the numerical reconstruction of part of an actual hemispherical blast-wave flow field by properly adjusting the moving bounary conditions of a piston. This method is simple and reliable. It is suitable to the evaluation of effects of the blast-wave flow field away from the explosion center.     

Heat transfer study in rotating cascade using IR thermography and CFD analyses

This paper presents an experimental and CFD numerical study of convective heat transfer in a rotating cascade. Infrared thermography was used to measure surface temperature distribution on a rotating hollow blade, heated internally by secondary air. A CFD numerical model was made according to the actual test rig geometry and operating conditions. Tests were carried out in an iposonic flow regime at relatively low fluid temperatures, with the rotational and Reynolds numbers varied and hot-to-cool air mass flow ratio kept constant. Experimental and numerical results for the blade pressure side are compared in terms of surface temperature 2D distribution and Nusselt number one-dimensional distribution along the blade midspan, providing a reasonable agreement.     

Wave reaction of a dipole in a circulatory double-layer flow of finite depth

An analytical solution of the problem of the wave action of a double-layer finite-depth circulatory flow on a dipole is derived. The cases in which the dipole is located in the upper and in the lower layer are considered. The values of the flow parameters at which the wave drag and the lift of the dipole become maximum are determined. The examples of numerical calculations under actual sea conditions, that is, in the presence of density jumps and with account for the sea depth, are presented. The singular cases of the lift variation are established.     

框填结构等效斜压杆的模型改进及其数值模拟

等效斜压杆理论是模拟混凝土框架填充墙的常用方法之一．为探索该理论在结构抗震动力时程分析模拟中的应用,基于有限元软件ABAQUS,针对某一多层框架砌体填充墙结构案例,建立梁杆单元模型．模型中运用改进后的等效斜压杆宽度计算公式,来定义交叉杆的截面属性,并通过子程序建立材料的非线性本构关系．通过该模型系统分析了其在地震作用下的动力时程响应,并进行了比较研究．计算结果表明,使用等效斜压杆理论对实际框架填充墙进行模拟是可靠的,可以为工程设计提供参考依据．