共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 359 毫秒
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在航空航天、核能发电等重大装备技术领域, 作为高温传感/驱动/能量收集器件的敏感材料——铋层状结构铁电(BLSF)陶瓷在复杂载荷环境下的疲劳失效问题严重限制着器件寿命和可靠性的提高. 本文以BLSF陶瓷的应用需求为背景, 围绕铁电材料的疲劳裂纹扩展与电畴极化翻转及其相互作用机制等关键问题, 综述了铁电材料在热、力、电三种载荷及其耦合作用下疲劳失效行为的研究现状, 并根据当前铁电材料的一些新发展、新应用对其未来研究方向进行了展望, 旨在为高性能、长寿命铁电/压电器件设计提供参考. 相似文献
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金属材料疲劳损伤的宏细观理论 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
工程结构的疲劳损伤发展过程经历了由初始缺陷的形成、裂纹的稳态扩展直到最后失效的不同发展阶段,通常疲劳损伤的演化可以概括为以下几个阶段:(1) 亚结构和微观结构的变化引起永久损伤的形成,产生微观裂纹;(2) 微观缺陷的长大会合形成主裂纹;(3) 主裂纹稳态扩展;(4) 结构失稳或完全失效.首先论述了疲劳裂纹扩展的物理机制,并从细观和宏观两个方面总结了处理疲劳裂纹问题的最新研究成果,对位错力学在处理短裂纹扩展问题中的应用,以及无位错区(DFZ)在疲劳裂纹扩展中的作用进行了较详细讨论. 相似文献
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微动疲劳是矿井提升钢丝绳主要失效形式之一,在钢丝微动疲劳过程中,微动磨损严重影响钢丝微动疲劳裂纹扩展特性,进而制约钢丝微动疲劳断裂机制,故开展考虑微动磨损的钢丝微动疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测研究至关重要. 运用自制钢丝微动疲劳试验机开展钢丝微动疲劳试验和拉伸断裂试验,通过高速度数码显微系统揭示微动疲劳过程中钢丝微动磨损演化、裂纹萌生和扩展及断裂特性,基于摩擦学和断裂力学理论,运用有限元法、循环迭代法和虚拟裂纹闭合技术建立了考虑微动磨损的钢丝微动疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测模型,并进行试验验证. 结果表明:采用微动疲劳过程稳定阶段磨损系数预测钢丝微动磨损演化可保证预测正确性,微动疲劳过程中钢丝主要为I型裂纹扩展模式,考虑微动磨损的钢丝微动疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测值和试验值吻合较好,验证了预测模型正确性. 相似文献
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铁电材料在力、电载荷作用尤其是循环载荷作用下有明显的热效应.热效应会在铁电材料中引起应力场和电场.另外,在外载作用下铁电材料发生约束畴变时也会产生附加的应力场,这些附加的应力场和电场都会对铁电材料的畴变产生影响.而且在循环载荷作用的情况下,这种影响会逐渐累积.但在以往的研究中,很少涉及这种影响.该文就循环电载下热效应引起的力、电场和约束畴变时产生的附加应力场对铁电材料畴变的影响进行了初步研究. 相似文献
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该文致力于混凝土疲劳损伤发展机理的微细观解释. 以速率过程理论为基础,通过考虑裂纹断裂过程区中的水分子动力作用,在细观尺度上建立了具有物理机理的疲劳损伤能量耗散表达式. 结合细观随机断裂模型,以宏观损伤力学为框架,建立了疲劳损伤演化方程. 通过数值模拟,计算了单轴受拉时的疲劳损伤演化以及不同加载幅度下的疲劳寿命. 与相关试验结果的对比显示出该文模型能够很好地表现混凝土材料的疲劳损伤演化过程. 相似文献
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在车轮循环滚动接触载荷作用下,钢轨接触表面裂纹问题频发,严重威胁高速列车运行安全,开展钢轨表面三维滚动接触疲劳裂纹扩展分析意义重大.首先,考虑不同初始裂纹角度,建立钢轨轨头含初始裂纹的三维有限元模型,对钢轨表面施加循环滚动接触载荷,进行轮轨滚动接触计算;然后,基于相互作用积分法计算裂纹前缘的应力强度因子;最后,采用最大周向应力准则和Paris公式计算当前状态下裂纹扩展方向和扩展速率,进而更新下一时刻的裂纹形状和尺寸.通过对上述过程重复实现,从而预测钢轨表面三维裂纹的扩展路径.加载过程中裂纹前缘应力强度因子计算结果表明,随着初始裂纹角度增加,KⅠ的峰值逐渐减小,KⅡ的峰值逐渐增大,裂纹前缘各位置的等效应力强度因子逐渐减小;裂纹前缘节点的位置越靠近钢轨表面,等效应力强度因子越大.疲劳裂纹扩展计算结果表明,随着循环次数的增加,不同初始角度下的裂纹都发生了偏折,逐渐朝着钢轨深度方向扩展,且裂纹的初始角度越大,发生扩展时需要的循环次数越多.对比三种初始裂纹角度下裂纹长度随循环次数的演化曲线可以发现,初始裂纹角度越小,裂纹扩展速率越大.所开发的方法也适用... 相似文献
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纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料初始加载到疲劳峰值应力时, 基体出现裂纹, 纤维/基体界面发生脱粘. 在疲劳载荷作用下, 纤维相对基体在界面脱粘区往复滑移使得陶瓷基复合材料出现疲劳迟滞现象. 建立了纤维陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线细观力学模型, 采用断裂力学方法确定了初始加载纤维/基体界面脱粘长度、卸载界面反向滑移长度与重新加载新界面滑移长度, 分析了4种不同界面滑移情况的疲劳迟滞回线. 假设正交铺设与编织陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线主要受0°铺层、轴向纱线内纤维/基体界面滑移的影响, 预测了单向、正交铺设与编织陶瓷基复合材料在不同峰值应力与不同循环的疲劳迟滞回线, 与试验结果吻合. 相似文献
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Reliability calls for a better understanding of the failure of ferroelectric ceramics. The fracture and fatigue of ferroelectric ceramics under an electric field or a combined electric and mechanical loading are investigated. The small-scale domain-switching model is modified to analyze failure due to fracture and fatigue. Effects of anisotropy and electromechanical load coupling are taken into account. Analytical expressions are obtained for domain-switching regions near the crack tip such that of 90° domain switching can be distinguished from 180° domain switching in addition to different initial poling directions. The crack tip stress intensity variation of ferroelectric ceramics due to the domain switching is analyzed. A positive electric field tends to enhance the propagation of an insulating crack perpendicular to the poling direction, while a negative field impedes it. Fatigue crack growth under various coupling loads and effects of the stress field and electric field on near field stress intensity variation are analyzed. Predicted crack growth versus cyclic electric field agrees well with experiment. 相似文献
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Coalescence of Pore Columns by Domain Switching 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present paper studies the coalescence of pore columns in ferroelectric ceramics driven by back and forth domain switching under cyclic electric field. A finite element method that incorporates mass transfer capacity is formulated to simulate the evolution of point defects subjected to the kinetics of pore surface diffusion and domain wall migration. The merge of point defects provides a mechanism for the vacancy agglomeration that leads to the formation of large pores or microcracks.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10332020 and 10121202), and the National 973 Project (2004CB619304). 相似文献
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Electric-field-induced fatigue crack growth in pre-cracked PZT ferroelectric ceramics is experimentally investigated in this work. It is found that the crack open and close under an alternating electric field is a major mechanism of crack propagation. The experimental results also show that the frequency, waveform, as well as the amplitude ratio, of the electric loading, play important roles in electric-field-induced fatigue cracking. Empirical formulations of fatigue crack propagation rates are obtained based on the experimental results. It is revealed that the crack grows at a nearly constant rate when the loading frequency is below 100 Hz. However, with the increase of the loading frequency over 125 Hz, the crack propagation rate diminishes rapidly. 相似文献
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A two-scale micromechanics model is developed in this paper to analyze domain switching in ferroelectric ceramics, using a probabilistic domain switching criterion based on energetic analysis. The microstructure of ferroelectric ceramics at two distinct length scales, domains and grains, has been carefully analyzed. The interaction at domain level is accounted for by energy minimization theory, while the fluctuation at grain level is analyzed using ellipsoidal two-point correlation function. The model has been implemented by Monte Carlo method, and applied to simulate the electric poling and mechanical depoling of Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) ceramics across morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The drastically different switching characteristics of PZT ceramics across MPB has been captured, and good agreement with experiments has been observed. The effects of the transformation strains and spontaneous polarizations are highlighted, confirming the proposition of Li et al. [2005. Domain switching in polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics. Nature Materials 4, 776–781] that the strain compatibility plays a dominant role in domain switching in ferroelectric ceramics. 相似文献
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IntroductionRecently ,theferroelectricceramicshassuchexcellentcharacteristicsofpiezoelectricityandpyroelectricityetc .thatitbecomesoneofthemostimportantfunctionalmaterials.Forinstance ,thewidelyappliedsensors,transducersandactuatorsetc .aremadeoftheferroe… 相似文献
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A constitutive relation is developed to describe the nonlinear behavior of ferroelectric ceramics subjected to external stress and electric field. The theoretical development considers each domain as an inclusion. The Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy of the constituent element are derived by using a micromechanics approach. They are functionals of the orientation distribution function (ODF) that represents the domain distribution patterns. By applying the internal variable theory and expanding ODF in Fourier series, the yield condition, evolution of ODF, and constitutive relation are obtained. Theoretical results agree with experiments. 相似文献
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应用云纹干涉法测量力电耦合作用下铁电陶瓷的破坏行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用云纹干涉系统对的电陶瓷在力电耦合载荷作用下裂纹尖端的力学行为进行全场实时非接触动态细观测量,采用三点弯实验获取裂纹尖端区域在力电耦合作用下与电场集中有关的电致伸缩位移场,应变场,通过分析实验取得的云纹图得到了裂尖区域的位移场,应变场,发现裂尖区域就变随着与裂尖距离的增加衰减的速率比没有电场作用下的理论计算结果要快。 相似文献