正交复合材料面层夹层板非线性理论及应用

针对复合材料面层夹层板的构造和变形特点，考虑横向剪应力在面层和芯层粘结处的连续条件，应用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理建立了基于五个未知函数的正交铺设复合材料面层夹层板的非线性精化理论。对静力学问题，控制方程化简为由四个基本未知函数表述。文中还分析了简支正交铺设复合材料面层夹层板的非线性弯曲，给出了载荷—挠度特征关系和板中应力的分布状况。数值计算表明，夹层板面层和芯层粘结处的层间剪应力在工程设计中是十分重要的。     

复合材料板的几何非线性行为综述

本文概述了利用分析方法了解弹性层合板静态大挠度,后屈曲和非线性动态响应方面的进展.在对称层合板情况下不存在弯曲-拉伸耦合.应用了正交异性板或各向异性板的经典非线性理论,还提供了有关这些板的参考文献.简要评述了许多类型边界条件下一般层合板的非线性剪切变形理论和一般解法.在本综述中讨论的使复合材料板几何非线性行为复杂化的一些影响因素是:横向剪应力和正应力,转动惯量和面内惯量,面内初始边界力,几何缺陷,切口,以及非经典边界条件.     

复合材料板的几何非线性行为综述

本文概述了利用分析方法了解弹性层合板静态大挠度,后屈曲和非线性动态响应方面的进展.在对称层合板情况下不存在弯曲-拉伸耦合.应用了正交异性板或各向异性板的经典非线性理论,还提供了有关这些板的参考文献.简要评述了许多类型边界条件下一般层合板的非线性剪切变形理论和一般解法.在本综述中讨论的使复合材料板几何非线性行为复杂化的一些影响因素是:横向剪应力和正应力,转动惯量和面内惯量,面内初始边界力,几何缺陷,切口,以及非经典边界条件.      

具脱层的轴对称层合圆板的非线性振动分析

基于Von Karman板理论,应用三分区模型,建立了考虑横向剪切效应时具任意脱层的正交对称铺设轴对称层合圆板在径向压力荷载作用下的非线性运动微分方程。对未知变量在空间上采用Bessel函数,应用Galerkin法,得到无量纲的仅关于时间函数的运动微分方程,并应用谐波平衡法对此方程进行求解,算例中讨论了不同脱层半径、脱层深度对具脱层的正交对称铺设轴对称层合圆板非线性幅频响应的影响。     

四边简支正交各向异性圆柱扁壳的后屈曲和非线性振动

本文在几何非线性三维弹性理论的基础上,通过量级分析导出了考虑横向剪切效应的正交各向异性纤维增强复合材料扁壳的基本方程,并应用伽略金方法求得了四边可动简支正交各向异性圆柱形扁壳后屈曲变形和非线性自由振动问题的数值解。计算结果表明:对于复合材料而言,横向剪切效应是值得注意的。     

爆炸冲击下复合材料层合扁球壳的动力屈曲

研究计及横向剪切的复合材料层合扁球壳在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的非线性轴对称动力屈曲问题。通过在复合材料层合扁球壳非线性稳定性的基本方程中增加横向转动惯量项并引入R.H.Cole理论的爆炸冲击力,得到爆炸冲击下复合材料层合扁球壳的动力控制方程,应用Galerkin方法得到用顶点挠度表达的爆炸冲击动力响应方程,并采用Runge-Kutta方法进行数值求解,采用Budiansky-Roth准则确定冲击屈曲的临界载荷,讨论了壳体几何尺寸对复合材料层合扁球壳冲击屈曲的影响;数值算例表明,此方法是可行的。     

复合材料层合板壳的非线性热动态响应分析

本文基于高阶剪切变形理论，考虑同天应变和横向剪切应变的影响，对受热复合材料层合板壳的非线性热动态响应进行分析，计及了转动惯量的影响，给出了通用性较好的Ｃ＾０类有限元公式，文中数值算同现有文献和三维有限元计算结果进行了比较，证明了本文方法的精确、有效性，文中还就层合板的边界条件、纵厚比及铺设角度对非线性热动态响应的影响进行了分析。     

复合材料层合开顶扁球壳的非线性动态屈曲

研究了复合材料层合开顶扁球壳的非线性动态屈曲问题。建立了对称层合圆柱正交异性开顶扁球壳考虑横向剪切的非线性振动微分方程,根据突变理论建立了该壳体动态屈曲的突变模型,得到了动态屈曲的临界方程。     

反对称铺设复合材料层合板非线性后屈曲分析

基于层合板壳理论，考虑反对称铺设层合板的拉弯耦合效应和后屈曲过程中的非线性几何变形，推导了由应力函数和挠度表示的复合材料层合板的后屈曲控制方程。引入无量纲参数对控制方程和边界条件进行无量纲化，以消除材料参数及几何尺寸对分析结果的影响。采用摄动法将无量纲的非线性控制方程及边界条件展开成一系列非齐次线性摄动方程组，分析各阶摄动方程的通解与特解的构造，并逐次求解，建立了反对称铺设复合材料层合板受单向均布压力作用的临界屈曲荷载及后屈曲平衡路径的理论解。进而运用ABAQUS软件对复合材料层合板在面内压缩载荷作用下的屈曲和后屈曲进行有限元分析，结果表明理论解与ABAQUS结果十分接近，验证了理论解的正确性。在此基础上进一步讨论了铺设角度、铺设层数和拉弯耦合效应等对层合板后屈曲性能的影响。研究发现层合板的屈曲载荷受铺设角度与层数的影响较为显著，而拉弯耦合效应使板的屈后强度大大降低。     

任意铺设纤维增强层合圆柱壳的自振特性

针对任意铺设的纤维增强复合材料层合圆柱壳的自振特性，计及横向剪切效应，采用推广的Ｌｅｖｙ解法及状态空间技术进行分析，求得各种边界条件下的解析结果。     

Sandwich modeling with an application to the residual strength analysis of a damaged compression panel

Finite element models of sandwich structures are often based on classical sandwich theory which reduces the essentially three-dimensional composite — a combination of two high strength faces separated by a light weight core — to a two-dimensional, deformable reference surface to which certain appropriate stiffness properties against stretch, bending and transverse shear are attached.The simplification introduced in this way is well established, but it suffers from a number of drawbacks that restricts its range of applicability rather severely. The drawbacks concern among others, the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions that prohibit a realistic application of the loading along the edges. They also concern the inability of this model to study local effects such as buckling of the faces.In the present paper, we demonstrate how, with a relatively simple means, a sandwich model can be introduced that does not suffer from the deficiencies mentioned above. Moreover, this improved model provides the possibility to study the detrimental effect of delamination of the faces, and/or, decohesion zones between the core and faces, on the buckling strength of sandwich compression panels.The modification proposed here makes use of existing shell finite elements that are standard in many finite element codes. These shell elements are used to model the deformation of the faces of the sandwich, while the coupling between the two shell components is carried out by applying an appropriate penalty function that represents the deformation of the core.In this paper, we describe this model in some detail and solve an example problem involving the buckling of a sandwich plate with a partially debonded face plate.     

Non-linear theories of sandwich shells

A partially non-linear theory of sandwich shells in tensor notation, and in terms of a reference state, is presented. The Hamilton principle is used to obtain the equations of motion and boundary conditions of sandwich shells. Each layer of the sandwich shell is of different thickness and of a different orthotropic material having symmetry with respect to two orthogonal planes. The transverse shear as well as the inertia and thermal effects are included in the analysis. The equations of motion and boundary conditions are simplified under the assumptions due to the Donnell-Mustari-Vlasov approximation.     

一般夹层旋转壳在轴对称变形下的大挠度方程

应用最小势能原理建立了具有不同质不等厚薄表层和软夹心的一般夹层旋转壳在轴对称变形下的非线性理论,得到了一组相对简单的夹层壳大挠度方程和边界条件。在分析壳体的变形时,将表层视作薄膜,假设夹心沿厚度方向不可压缩且只能承受横向剪应力,参考面的法线在变形时保持为直线。为便于实际应用,给出几种特殊壳体情况下的大挠度方程。     

Bending and vibration analyses of a rotating sandwich cylindrical shell considering nanocomposite core and piezoelectric layers subjected to thermal and magnetic fields

The bending and free vibration of a rotating sandwich cylindrical shell are analyzed with the consideration of the nanocomposite core and piezoelectric layers subjected to thermal and magnetic fields by use of the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) of shells. The governing equations of motion and the corresponding boundary conditions are established through the variational method and the Maxwell equation. The closed-form solutions of the rotating sandwich cylindrical shell are obtained. The effects of geometrical parameters, volume fractions of carbon nanotubes, applied voltages on the inner and outer piezoelectric layers, and magnetic and thermal fields on the natural frequency, critical angular velocity, and deflection of the sandwich cylindrical shell are investigated. The critical angular velocity of the nanocomposite sandwich cylindrical shell is obtained. The results show that the mechanical properties, e.g., Young’s modulus and thermal expansion coefficient, for the carbon nanotube and matrix are functions of temperature, and the magnitude of the critical angular velocity can be adjusted by changing the applied voltage.     

A comprehensive analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates: Part 1—Deflection and stresses

A two-dimensional solution is presented for bending analysis of simply supported functionally graded ceramic–metal sandwich plates. The sandwich plate faces are assumed to have isotropic, two-constituent material distribution through the thickness, and the modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of the faces are assumed to vary according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The core layer is still homogeneous and made of an isotropic ceramic material. Several kinds of sandwich plates are used taking into account the symmetry of the plate and the thickness of each layer. We derive field equations for functionally graded sandwich plates whose deformations are governed by either the shear deformation theories or the classical theory. Displacement functions that identically satisfy boundary conditions are used to reduce the governing equations to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. Numerical results of the sinusoidal, third-order, first-order and classical theories are presented to show the effect of material distribution on the deflections and stresses.     

A new trigonometric shear deformation theory for isotropic,laminated composite and sandwich plates

A new trigonometric shear deformation theory for isotropic and composite laminated and sandwich plates, is developed. The new displacement field depends on a parameter “m”, whose value is determined so as to give results closest to the 3D elasticity bending solutions. The theory accounts for adequate distribution of the transverse shear strains through the plate thickness and tangential stress-free boundary conditions on the plate boundary surface, thus a shear correction factor is not required. Plate governing equations and boundary conditions are derived by employing the principle of virtual work. The Navier-type exact solutions for static bending analysis are presented for sinusoidally and uniformly distributed loads. The accuracy of the present theory is ascertained by comparing it with various available results in the literature. The results show that the present model performs as good as the Reddy’s and Touratier’s shear deformation theories for analyzing the static behavior of isotropic and composite laminated and sandwich plates.     

Postbuckling analysis of axially loaded functionally graded cylindrical panels in thermal environments

A postbuckling analysis is presented for a functionally graded cylindrical panel of finite length subjected to axial compression in thermal environments. Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The governing equations of a functionally graded cylindrical panel are based on Reddy’s higher order shear deformation shell theory with a von Kármán–Donnell-type of kinematic nonlinearity and including thermal effects. Two cases of the in-plane boundary conditions are considered. The nonlinear prebuckling deformations and initial geometric imperfections of the panel are both taken into account. A boundary layer theory of shell buckling, which includes the effects of nonlinear prebuckling deformations, large deflections in the postbuckling range, and initial geometric imperfections of the shell, is extended to the case of functionally graded cylindrical panels under axial compression. A singular perturbation technique is employed to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. The numerical illustrations concern the postbuckling behavior of axially loaded, perfect and imperfect, functional graded cylindrical panels with two constituent materials and under different sets of thermal environments. The influences played by temperature rise, volume fraction distributions, the character of in-plane boundary conditions, transverse shear deformation, panel geometric parameters, as well as initial geometric imperfections are studied.     

A unified nonlinear formulation for plate and shell theories

A general geometrically exact nonlinear theory for the dynamics of laminated plates and shells under-going large-rotation and small-strain vibrations in three-dimensional space is presented. The theory fully accounts for geometric nonlinearities by using the new concepts of local displacements and local engineering stress and strain measures, a new interpretation and manipulation of the virtual local rotations, an exact coordinate transformation, and the extended Hamilton principle. Moreover, the model accounts for shear coupling effects, continuity of interlaminar shear stresses, free shear-stress conditions on the bonding surfaces, and extensionality. Because the only differences among different plates and shells are the initial curvatures of the coordinates used in the modeling and all possible initial curvatures are included in the formulation, the theory is valid for any plate or shell geometry and contains most of the existing nonlinear and shear-deformable plate and shell theories as special cases. Five fully nonlinear partial-differential equations and corresponding boundary and corner conditions are obtained, which describe the extension-extension-bending-shear-shear vibrations of general laminated two-dimensional structures and display linear elastic and nonlinear geometric coupling among all motions. Moreover, the energy and Newtonian formulations are completely correlated in the theory.     

Nonlinear Transient Response of Functionally Graded Material Sandwich Doubly Curved Shallow Shell Using New Displacement Field

In this paper, the nonlinear transient dynamic response of functionally graded material(FGM) sandwich doubly curved shell with homogenous isotropic material core and functionally graded face sheet is analyzed using a new displacement field on the basis of Reddy's third-order shear theory for the first time. The equivalent material properties for the FGM face sheet are assumed to obey the rule of simple power law function in the thickness direction.Based on Reddy'stheory of higher shear deformation, a new displacement field is developed by introducing the secant function into transverse displacement. Four coupled nonlinear differential equations are obtained by applying Hamilton's principle and Galerkin method. It is assumed that the FGM sandwich doubly curved shell is subjected to step loading, air-blast loading,triangular loading, and sinusoidal loading, respectively. On the basis of double-precision variablecoefficient ordinary differential equation solver, a new program code in FORTRAN software is developed to solve the nonlinear transient dynamics of the system. The influences of core thickness, volume fraction, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, width-to-thickness ratio and blast type on the transient response of the shell are discussed in detail through numerical simulation.     

Critical velocity of sandwich cylindrical shell under moving internal pressure

Critical velocity of an infinite long sandwich shell under moving internal pressure is studied using the sandwich shell theory and elastodynamics theory. Propagation of axisymmetric free harmonic waves in the sandwich shell is studied using the sandwich shell theory by considering compressibility and transverse shear deformation of the core, and transverse shear deformation of face sheets. Based on the elastodynamics theory, displacement components expanded by Legendre polynomials, and position-dependent elastic constants and densities are introduced into the equations of motion. Critical velocity is the minimum phase velocity on the desperation relation curve obtained by using the two methods. Numerical examples and the finite element （FE） simulations are presented. The results show that the two critical velocities agree well with each other, and two desperation relation curves agree well with each other when the wave number k is relatively small. However, two limit phase velocities approach to the shear wave velocities of the face sheet and the core respectively when k limits to infinite. The two methods are efficient in the investigation of wave propagation in a sandwich cylindrical shell when k is relatively small. The critical velocity predicted in the FE simulations agrees with theoretical prediction.