基于多弹簧模型的空间梁柱单元(Ⅰ):理论模型

引入多轴应力状态下的塑性应力-应变关系理论,在单元模型中考虑了弹塑性区域剪切变形对单元的弹塑性刚度影响,推导了考虑剪切变形弹塑性刚度影响的多弹簧模型的空间粱柱单元刚度矩阵,为整体钢框架结构的弹塑性动力分析奠定了单元基础.     

基于多弹簧模型的空间梁柱单元(Ⅱ):参数分析

为模拟地震作用时杆件在变动轴力和双向弯曲的耦合特点,基于简化纤维模型的多弹簧单元模型近年被广泛应用.本文作者在相关论文中提出了考虑剪切变形弹塑性刚度影响的多弹簧模型空间梁柱单元,杆件的计算模拟精度除了取决于单元模型之外,还决定于两个重要参数:弹簧位置及个数布置、塑性区长度,本文将针对其进行参数分析并提出合理建议取值.本文最后还提出了模拟杆件残余应力的合理弹簧布置方式.     

基于多弹簧模型的空间梁柱单元(II):参数分析

为模拟地震作用时杆件在变动轴力和双向弯曲的耦合特点,基于简化纤维模型的多弹簧单元模型近年被广泛应用。本文作者在相关论文中提出了考虑剪切变形弹塑性刚度影响的多弹簧模型空间梁柱单元,杆件的计算模拟精度除了取决于单元模型之外,还决定于两个重要参数:弹簧位置及个数布置、塑性区长度,本文将针对其进行参数分析并提出合理建议取值。本文最后还提出了模拟杆件残余应力的合理弹簧布置方式。     

基于对数应力率大应变本构关系的参数标定研究

在所有率型弹塑性本构模型中,只有对数应力率对应的本构模型能够满足自适应准则.基于对数应力率,采用实心圆轴扭转实验,对大应变弹塑性本构模型中的参数标定问题进行了讨论.推导出了考虑Swift效应时端部自由实心圆轴扭转变形的变形率、对数旋率、Kirchhoff应力及Kirchhoff应力的对数应力率.对于等向强化大应变弹塑性本构关系,给出了由实心圆轴扭转实验标定的、基于Kirchhhoff应力对数应力率的本构关系中塑性刚度函数的表达式.分析了扭转圆轴的Swift效应对塑性刚度函数的影响.结果表明,实心圆轴扭转的轴向伸长变形和径向变形对基于对数应力率大应变本构关系中的塑性刚度函数都有影响.当不考虑Swift效应时,所得塑性刚度函数表达式与不考虑Swift效应时基于Jaumann应力率的塑性刚度函数表达式相同.     

钢-混凝土组合箱梁梁段有限元法研究

组合梁界面滑移将减小组合梁刚度,增大变形,影响构件性能;剪应力沿截面横向分布不均匀,造成其弯曲正应力的横向分布呈曲线形状,即剪力滞效应;同时组合梁往往重载,具有较小的跨高比,剪切变形不可忽略.根据虚功原理,建立了同时考虑滑移效应、剪力滞及剪切变形效应的组合梁单元刚度矩阵及等效节点力向量,并在此基础上编制了组合梁梁段有限元程序.利用本文程序对现有组合梁试件的混凝土顶板应力、钢梁底板应力、跨中挠度和梁端滑移进行了计算,并将本文计算结果与解析法计算结果及试验结果进行了比较.结果表明,本文计算结果与解析法计算结果及试验结果吻合良好;同时,本文计算结果具有较好的稳定性,验证了本文计算方法的正确性.本文所建立的梁单元刚度矩阵同时考虑了剪切变形、剪力滞及滑移效应的影响,符合工程实际,为有限梁段法分析组合箱梁提供了理论基础.     

单搭拉剪胶焊接头的应力和刚度分析

胶焊复合连接技术兼具胶接和点焊的优点,它因提高结构强度和刚度而使车辆轻量化成为可能.以胶接理论为基础,考虑了被粘体剪切应变,将焊点视为大剪切弹性模量胶粘剂,胶层和焊点沿其厚度方向的剪应力不变,建立了胶焊单搭拉剪接头的线弹性应力解析模型.在应力模型基础上,将接头各组成部分看作是独立承载的拉伸和剪切弹簧单元,得到了其刚度解析模型.应力模型中的正应力和剪应力与有限元解吻合得较好,证明理论模型正确,参数研究中确定了影响胶焊单搭接头应力分布特征的关键耦合参数.     

钢筋混凝土桥墩弯剪数值分析模型

基于修正的压力场理论MCFT(The Modified Compression Field Theory)和纤维单元模型建立了钢筋混凝土桥墩的弯剪数值分析模型,以MCFT理论确定桥墩的剪切力-剪切位移关系,并与考虑桥墩弯曲变形的纤维单元模型组合,共同考虑桥墩的弯-剪-轴力耦合作用.通过与六个弯剪破坏控制的圆形截面钢筋混凝土桥墩拟静力试验结果的对比,对分析模型进行了验证.主要认识结论为基于MCFT理论可准确地计算弯剪破坏桥墩的屈服荷载、极限荷载和弹性阶段剪切刚度,剪切开裂是引起钢筋混凝土构件剪切力-剪切位移关系刚度突变的主要因素,而弯曲开裂与纵筋屈服对刚度的影响较小;分析模型对弯剪破坏桥墩的滞回曲线、弯曲与剪切变形成分均进行了较为准确的模拟分析.     

考虑桥面板空间组合作用的组合空腹夹层板桥刚度研究

针对组合空腹夹层板桥的刚度计算,基于实体单元模型的参数化分析结果,提出了采用刚度放大系数来修正杆系模型结果的实用方法.推导了考虑剪切变形的简支钢空腹梁的等代抗弯刚度,并乘以刚度放大系数来分析混凝土板对结构的影响;与已有试验进行对比,验证壳-实体有限元建模方法的正确性,进一步分析了混凝土板和钢空腹梁截面参数对刚度放大系数...     

钢筋混凝土剪力墙单元非线性分析模型及其应用

本文简要评述了几种常见的钢筋混凝土剪力墙非线性宏观单元模型后，着重对多垂直杆剪力墙非线性单元模型的几个重要问题如剪力变形的考虑方法，单元刚度矩阵的形式，垂直拉压杆及剪切弹簧的恢复力模型等进行了探讨与改进，最后给出了一个算例，并与试验结果比较，表明非线性宏观墙单元模型具有较好的计算精度。     

全长锚固锚杆锚固单元力学性能实验研究

锚固单元的传力特性是影响全长锚固锚杆支护能力的重要因素。由于锚固单元界面构成复杂，本文主要考虑锚杆与粘结材料及其界面的力学特性，开展锚固单元界面剪切力学实验研究。实验结果表明，砂浆强度直接影响界面的峰值强度和剪切刚度；采用相同强度砂浆，界面的峰值强度、剪切刚度和残余剪切强度都与法向应力成正比；在相同法向应力作用下，剪切速率增加引起峰值剪切强度增大，但对残余剪切强度影响较小。依据实验剪切应力–位移曲线将锚固单元与岩石间界面的解耦过程分为“峰前–软化–滑移”三阶段，非连续变形分析方法数值模拟结果表明，加载初期的损伤主要受粘结材料抗拉强度的影响，临近峰值阶段与粘结材料张剪混合破裂相关；软化阶段和滑移阶段主要受粘结材料剪切特性和颗粒形状的影响；引入实验所获得的三线滑移模型曲线到全长锚固锚杆模型，模拟拔出数值实验结果表明较快拔出速率将影响锚杆变形能力。     

A plasticity model for cellular materials with open-celled structure

Based on a rigid-plastic material model that obeys the von Mises yield criterion, the plastic behavior of foams with an open-celled structure is studied in this paper using a single unit cell. An approximate continuum plasticity model is developed within the framework of the upper bound theorem of plasticity to describe the yield behavior of foams. The microscopic velocity fields are derived for the unit cell, which satisfy the incompressibility and the kinematic boundary conditions, and expressed in macroscopic rate of deformation. From the microscopic velocity fields, a macroscopic yield function is developed for foams under multi-axial stresses and includes the effects of the hydrostatic stress due to the void presence and growth. The dependency of the derived yield surfaces of foams on their relative densities is studied. The plastic behavior of foams is also studied numerically using the finite element method. The newly developed plasticity model is compared with the finite element analysis results and other available foam models and then correlated with the finite element results.     

A new yield function and a hydrostatic stress-controlled void nucleation model for porous solids with pressure-sensitive matrices

A macroscopic yield function for porous solids with pressure-sensitive matrices modeled by Coulomb's yield function was obtained by generalizing Gurson's yield function with consideration of the hydrostatic yield stress of a spherical thick-walled shell and by fitting the finite element results of the yield stresses of a voided cube. The macroscopic yield function is valid for the negative hydrostatic stress as well as for the positive hydrostatic stress. From the yield function, a plastic potential function for the porous solids was derived either for plastic normality flow or for plastic non-normality flow of the pressure-sensitive matrices. In addition, void nucleation was modeled by a normal distribution function with the macroscopic hydrostatic stress regarded as a controlling stress. This set of constitutive relations was implemented into a finite element code abaqus as a user material subroutine to analyze the cavitation and the deformation behavior of a rubber-modified epoxy around a crack tip under the Mode I plane strain conditions. By comparing the cavitation zone and the plastic zone obtained in the analysis with those observed in an experiment, the mean stress and the standard deviation for the void nucleation model could be determined. The cavitation and the deformation behavior of the rubber-modified epoxy were also analyzed around notches under four-point bending. The size and shape of the cavitation zone and the plastic zone were shown to be in good agreement with those observed in an experiment.     

A stochastic model for the temporal aspects of flow intermittency in micropillar compression

Systematic experimental investigations have demonstrated that the plastic deformation of micropillar proceeds through a sequence of intermittent bursts, the sizes of which follow power-law statistics. In this study, a stochastic model based on the power-law distribution of burst size is formulated in the framework of crystal plasticity in order to investigate the temporal aspects of flow intermittency in micropillar compression. A Monte Carlo simulation scheme is developed to determine the burst size when a burst activity is captured. This burst size is considered as the displacement boundary condition of burst deformation. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the model is performed and its predictions are validated by comparison with results from both micro-compression experiments and simulation tests of bulk crystals using the classic crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). The model provides a reasonable prediction of stress–strain responses both at the macroscopic and microscopic scales. Finally, the capability of this model is shown with applications to the intermittent plastic deformation in micropillar compressions, in particular for their burst time durations and burst velocities. The results from such stochastic finite element analysis are shown to be consistent with earlier experimental findings and results of mean-field theory.     

位移加载条件下微小尺寸单晶金属的应变突变模型及其间歇性塑性变形行为研究

微压缩实验发现,微小尺度单晶金属柱体在塑性变形过程中会发生显著的应变突变,呈现出特殊的间歇性塑性流动特征。本文以数百纳米直径的单晶Au柱体为研究对象,探讨其在位移加载条件下的间歇性流动行为。首先根据位移加载条件下的塑性变形特征,提出了分析其应变突变的三阶段模型。进一步结合经典晶体塑性理论框架的有限元方法,建立了以二阶功参量为基础的连续塑性力学模型。通过与实验结果相对比发现,新模型能够较好地描述位移加载条件下微小尺度面心立方单晶金属材料的应变突变现象,能够合理预测单晶柱体的特殊变形行为。此外,二阶功准则作为位移加载条件下应变突变现象的判据是有效的。进而使用该理论模型,探讨了微小金属柱体应变突变随机性、尺寸相关性以及率敏感性等问题。     

Effects of specimen thickness, hardening and crack closure for the plastic strip model

The triaxial stress constraint T_z and the effective yield stress distribution in the plastic zone for strain hardening materials are considered for the strip where the thickness effect is investigated by introducing a plastic constraint factor α. This factor depends on the specimen thickness, crack length, load level and hardening exponent. A simple expression of the plastic zone length and an expression involving α are obtained. Application of the strip model to crack closure shows that the specimen thickness has an influence and the results are compared with those found finite element.     

岩土弹塑性有限元分析的隐式积分弹性刚度法

本文提出了用于岩土弹塑性有限元分析的隐式积分弹性刚度算法。该算法既具有隐式积分法精度好、效率高、无条件稳定等优点，也具有弹性刚度法中刚度矩阵正定、对称的特点，更重要的是它避免了传统切线刚度法在处理岩土非相关联塑性流动和屈服面“角点”所遇到的非对称性和奇异性计算问题。通过算例分析了该算法的精度、效率     

基于微结构演化的V5Cr5Ti合金塑性本构模型

为合理描述V5Cr5Ti合金的塑性变形行为，本文建立了基于微结构演化的塑性本构模型。首先，采用小尺寸试样开展了V5Cr5Ti合金单轴拉伸试验，并对其在不同应变程度下的微结构演化特征进行了分析。研究发现，影响V5Cr5Ti合金塑性变形行为的主要因素是位错密度演化以及团簇状和弥散析出相。据此建立了位错密度演化方程、组分相含量体积分量演化方程，并考虑团簇状和弥散状第二相对V5Cr5Ti合金流动应力的影响，进一步建立了包括非热应力、热激活应力和弥散相强化应力的流动应力关系式。最后，根据隐式应力更新算法对新模型进行了有限元实现，并与实验结果进行比较，验证了新模型的合理性和预测精度。     

基于微结构演化的V5Cr5Ti合金塑性本构模型

为合理描述V5Cr5Ti合金的塑性变形行为,本文建立了基于微结构演化的塑性本构模型。首先,采用小尺寸试样开展了V5Cr5Ti合金单轴拉伸试验,并对其在不同应变程度下的微结构演化特征进行了分析。研究发现,影响V5Cr5Ti合金塑性变形行为的主要因素是位错密度演化以及团簇状和弥散析出相。据此建立了位错密度演化方程、组分相含量体积分量演化方程,并考虑团簇状和弥散状第二相对V5Cr5Ti合金流动应力的影响,进一步建立了包括非热应力、热激活应力和弥散相强化应力的流动应力关系式。最后,根据隐式应力更新算法对新模型进行了有限元实现,并与实验结果进行比较,验证了新模型的合理性和预测精度。