Effects of material anisotropy and inhomogeneity on cavitation for composite incompressible anisotropic nonlinearly elastic spheres

The effects of material anisotropy and inhomogeneity on void nucleation and growth in incompressible anisotropic nonlinearly elastic solids are examined. A bifurcation problem is considered for a composite sphere composed of two arbitrary homogeneous incompressible nonlinearly elastic materials which are transversely isotropic about the radial direction, and perfectly bonded across a spherical interface. Under a uniform radial tensile dead-load, a branch of radially symmetric configurations involving a traction-free internal cavity bifurcates from the undeformed configuration at sufficiently large loads. Several types of bifurcation are found to occur. Explicit conditions determining the type of bifurcation are established for the general transversely isotropic composite sphere. In particular, if each phase is described by an explicit material model which may be viewed as a generalization of the classic neo-Hookean model to anisotropic materials, phenomena which were not observed for the homogeneous anisotropic sphere nor for the composite neo-Hookean sphere may occur. The stress distribution as well as the possible role of cavitation in preventing interface debonding are also examined for the general composite sphere.     

Cavity formation at the center of a sphere composed of two compressible hyper-elastic materials

IntroductionHorgan[1] reviewedthecavitatedbifurcationproblemforhyper_elasticmaterials,includinginhomogeneousandanisotropicmaterialsaswellashomogeneousandisotropicmaterials .Forincompressiblematerials,HorganandPence[2 ,3 ] examinedtheeffectofmaterialinhomogeneityontheformationandgrowthofvoidandobtainedananalyticsolutionofthecavitatedbifurcationproblemforasolidspherecomposedoftwoneo_Hookeanmaterials.Thebifurcationmayoccurnotonlytotherightbutalsototheleftforthecomposedsphere .Thestabilitiesofth…     

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPHERICAL CAVITY NUCLEATION AND GROWTH FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE GENERALIZED VALANIS-LANDEL HYPERELASTIC MATERIALS

I. INTRODUCTION In practice, cavity formulation in materials is recognized as precursors to failure. Thus void nucleationand growth in solid materials have a great in?uence on failure mechanism. Gent and Lindley[1] have observed experimentally the phe…     

A STUDY OF THE CATASTROPHE AND THE CAVITATION FOR A SPHERICAL CAVITY IN HOOKE’S MATERIAL WITH 1/2 POISSON’S RATIO

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Void nucleation in tensile dead-loading of a composite incompressible nonlinearly elastic sphere

In this paper, the effect of material inhomogeneity on void formation and growth in incompressible nonlinearly elastic solids is examined. A bifurcation problem is considered for a solid composite sphere composed of two neo-Hookean materials perfectly bonded across a spherical interface. Under a uniform radial tensile dead-load, a branch of radially symmetric configurations involving a traction-free internal cavity bifurcates from the underformed configuration. Such a configuration is the only stable solution for sufficiently large loads. In contrast to the situation for a homogeneous neo-Hookean sphere, bifurcation here may occur either locally to the right orto the left. In the latter case, the cavity has finite radius on first appearance. This discontinuous change in stable equilibrium configurations is reminiscent of the snap-through buckling phenomenon observed in certain structural mechanics problems.Since this paper was written, the authors have carried out further analysis of the class of problems of concern here [11]. In particular the stress distribution in the composite neo-Hookean sphere has been described in [11].Paper presented at the 17th International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Grenoble, France, August 1988.     

Cavitation for incompressible anisotropic nonlinearly elastic spheres

In this paper, the effect ofmaterial anisotropy on void nucleation and growth inincompressible nonlinearly elastic solids is examined. A bifurcation problem is considered for a solid sphere composed of an incompressible homogeneous nonlinearly elastic material which is transversely isotropic about the radial direction. Under a uniform radial tensile dead-load, a branch of radially symmetric configurations involving a traction-free internal cavity bifurcates from the undeformed configuration at sufficiently large loads. Closed form analytic solutions are obtained for a specific material model, which may be viewed as a generalization of the classic neo-Hookean model to anisotropic materials. In contrast to the situation for a neo-Hookean sphere, bifurcation here may occur locally either to the right (supercritical) or to the left (subcritical), depending on the degree of anisotropy. In the latter case, the cavity has finite radius on first appearance. Such a discontinuous change in stable equilibrium configurations is reminiscent of the snap-through buckling phenomenon of structural mechanics. Such dramatic cavitational instabilities were previously encountered by Antman and Negrón-Marrero [3] for anisotropiccompressible solids and by Horgan and Pence [17] forcomposite incompressible spheres.     

幂强化材料和超弹性材料组合球体中孔穴的动态生成

在简单加载条件下,研究幂强化材料和超弹性材料组合球体中的动态孔穴生成和增长问题,首先在有限变形动力学的框架下建立了相应的非线性数学模型,得到了应力的表达式,利用变量变换的方法求得了外加载荷和孔穴半径之间的一个精确的微分关系式,证明了当突加载荷超过其临界值时,球体内部有孔穴的突然生成,并随时间呈现非线性的周期振动．通过数值计算,分析了材料参数和球体的半径比对孔穴生成和增长的影响,并与相应的静态结果进行了比较．结果发现,惯性力的影响降低孔穴生成的临界载荷,而且材料的塑性对孔穴生成和增长有明显的影响．     

A mechanical model on elastic cavitation in solid under hydrostatic tension

In this paper, a mechanical model is proposed to study cavitation in solids. The material is elastic and obeys Hook's law. Logarithm strain and Cauchy stress in nonlinear elasticity is used. A sphere with a central hole is loaded under hydrostatic tension on surface. In spherical symmetry, closed form solution is got. As radius of the hole tends to zero, a pitchfork bifurcation appears on load-displacement curve. The pitchfork bifurcation indicates that there is a cavitation at center of solid sphere as load reaches a critical value.     

CAVITATED BIFURCATION FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE HYPERELASTIC MATERIAL

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Numerical study on bifurcations in the wake of a circular disk

Using Large-eddy simulation (LES), the dynamics in the wake of a circular disk with an aspect ratio of d/w = 5 is numerically studied. The circular disk is normal to the main flow, and Reynolds number ranges from 115 to 300. The first bifurcation is confirmed for Re = 120, leading to the steady state mode with a reflectional symmetry and a double-thread wake extending to the downstream. The Hopf bifurcation is found for Re = 152, and the planar symmetry is lost, which is different from that observed in the sphere wake; it is called the “reflectional-symmetry-breaking (RSB)” mode and the hairpin vortices in this mode are always shedding in a fixed orientation. The third bifurcation is captured for Re = 166, which is named the “standing wave (SW)” mode; the planar symmetry lost in RSB mode is recovered and the hairpin vortices are shedding in the oppositely sided orientations, unlike the ones observed in the sphere wake. The fourth bifurcation, referred to as “zigzag (ZZ)” mode, is observed for Re = 265 and the planar symmetry is lost again; the hairpin vortices are shedding in an irregular orientation and propagating in a zigzagged way; and a few small-scale structures begin to appear. Three different vortex shedding regimes are found in RSB, SW and ZZ modes, respectively. Results show that the recirculation region plays a significant role in the mode transitions, and the stagnation point of recirculation zone is conjectured to be the initial region causing the wake instability.     

热超弹性材料中的空穴生成问题

研究热超弹性材料中的空穴生成问题,讨论了温度对空穴生成的影响．球体的材料为考虑温度影响的不可压Gent-Thomas材料,或者说是一种与不可压Gent—Thomas材料对应的热超弹性材料,得到了在表面死载荷作用下球体中空穴生成时的分叉曲线及临界载荷,给出了球体中的应力分布,讨论了温度对临界载荷、分叉曲线和应力分布的影响。     

热超弹性材料中空穴增长的分岔问题

研究了受外加均布拉伸死载荷作用的不可压热超弹性材料中空穴突然快速增长的分岔问题.不同于外载荷较小的情况,不可压热超弹性材料球体中的预存微空在外载荷足够大时可以发生突然的快速增长,可视为一类分岔问题.给出了不同温度场下,不同初始半径的微空的增长曲线.预存微空的增长曲线相应于初始半径的极限是实心球体中空穴突然生成的分岔曲线.讨论了均匀和非均匀,升高或降低的温度场对空穴增长问题的影响;给出了预存微空能够发生突然的快速增长的临界载荷,得到了临界载荷与实心球体中空穴突然生成时的临界载荷之间的关系及临界载荷与温度变化之间的关系.     

Qualitative study of cavitated bifurcation for a class of incompressible generalized neo-Hookean spheres

IntroductionIn 1 958,GentandLindleyobservedthephenomenonofsuddenvoidnucleationinsolidsexperimentallyintensioningahomogenousclose_grainedvulcanizedrubbercylinderforthefirsttime.ButthemathematicalmodelonvoidnucleationandgrowthhasnotbeendescribedasabifurcationproblembasedonthetheoryofnonlinearelasticmechanicsbyBall[1]until1 982 .Inrecentyears,manyinvestigationshavebeenmadeonthisaspect.Theproblemofcavitatedbifurcationforincompressibleisotropichyperelasticmaterialswithpower_lawtypehasbeeninvestig…     

CAVITATION BIFURCATION FOR COMPRESSIBLE ANISOTROPIC HYPERELASTIC MATERIALS

I. INTRODUCTION The cavitation bifurcation problem, sudden formation and growth of voids in solid materials, haslong attracted much attention because of the fundamental role it plays in the local failure and fractureof materials. For hyperelastic materi…     

快慢耦合振子的张驰簇发及其非光滑分岔机制

通过引入适当的参数值, 得到了两时间尺度下的快慢耦合振子, 分析了耦合系统及子系统的平衡点及其性质, 进而利用微分包含理论, 探讨了非光滑分界面上的奇异性, 指出在适当的参数条件下, 系统轨迹在穿越分界面时会产生由Hopf分岔和Fold分岔组合的非常规分岔. 给出了不同参数条件下的周期簇发行为, 分析了簇发过程的振荡特性, 指出激发态的频率取决于快子系统在非光滑分界面上的Hopf分岔频率, 而慢子系统的固有频率影响了簇发行为的振荡周期, 并进一步揭示了由非光滑分岔引起的不同周期簇发的分岔机制.     

组合超弹性材料中的空穴生成与增长

本文研究了一种组合不可压超弹性材料圆柱体中空穴的生成与增长问题，得到了这种材料受表面均布拉伸死荷载和轴向拉压共同作用下空穴生成问题的解析解，得到了不同组合情况下圆柱体中空穴生成时的临界载荷及分叉曲线，发现组合材料可以发生右分叉，也可以发生左分叉；给出了空穴生成后的应力分布，并讨论了所存在的应力间断和应力集中问题；通过能量比较分析了解的稳定性，讨论了发生右分叉或左分叉的条件，并分析了材料中预存微孔的增长情况。     

Bifurcation phenomena in the rigid inclusion power law matrix composite sphere

Bifurcation of interface separation related to cavity nucleation is analyzed for a radially loaded composite sphere consisting of a rigid inclusion separated from a power law matrix by a uniform, non-linear cohesive zone. Equations for the spherically symmetric and non-symmetric problems are obtained from a hyperelastic finite strain theory by a limiting process that preserves non-linear matrix and interface response at infinitesimal strain. A complete solution to the symmetric problem is presented including bifurcation load, stresses, and evolution of elasto-plastic boundary and interface separation. An analysis of non-symmetric bifurcation, under symmetric conditions of geometry and loading, yields the bifurcation load and first non-symmetric mode shape associated with rigid inclusion displacement. An energy analysis is carried out for both symmetric and non-symmetric problems in order to assess stability of spherically symmetric states to spherically symmetric and non-symmetric “rigid body mode” perturbations.Results are provided for an interface force law that captures interface failure in normal mode and linear response in shear mode. For the symmetric problem, (i) there are threshold parameter values above which bifurcation will generally not occur, (ii) threshold values below which there do not exist equilibria in the post bifurcation regime, (iii) bifurcation occurs after attainment of the maximum interface strength. For the non-symmetric problem, (i) bifurcation always occurs, although it can be delayed by interfacial shear, (ii) for the smooth interface, non-symmetric bifurcation occurs after attainment of the maximum interface strength and always precedes symmetric bifurcation.     

Steady and periodic modes in the problem of motion of a heavy material point on a rotating sphere (the viscous friction case)

The problem of motion of a heavy material point on a sphere uniformly rotating about a fixed axis is considered in the case of viscous friction. The angle of inclination between the axis and the horizon is constant. The existence, bifurcation, and stability of the equilibrium positions are discussed for such a mechanical system. The existence of periodic motions is also studied. An approach is proposed to find such motions in the case of low viscosity.     

Galloping of internally resonant towers subjected to turbulent wind

Bifurcation analysis of a structure constituted by two towers, linked by a viscous device at the tip and subjected to turbulent wind, is carried out. The towers have geometrical and mechanical parameters so that the steady part of the wind, whose contribution is evaluated in the framework of the steady theory, induces a 1:1 resonant double-Hopf bifurcation. The turbulent part of the wind, assumed as composed by two frequencies that are equal and double to the main frequency of the unlinked towers, respectively, induces parametric and external harmonic forces. These forces interact with the self-excitation due to the steady part of the wind, bringing imperfection in the bifurcation scenario. Transitions from resonant to non-resonant cases are analyzed in terms of behavior charts, and post-critical dynamics is studied in the space of bifurcation parameters.     

Flow Bifurcations in a Thin Gap Between Two Rotating Spheres

This paper presents the use of a parameter continuation method and a test function to solve the steady, axisymmetric incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for spherical Couette flow in a thin gap between two concentric, differentially rotating spheres. The study focuses principally on the prediction of multiple steady flow patterns and the construction of bifurcation diagrams. Linear stability analysis is conducted to determine whether or not the computed steady flow solutions are stable. In the case of a rotating inner sphere and a stationary outer sphere, a new unstable solution branch with two asymmetric vortex pairs is identified near the point of a symmetry-breaking pitchfork bifurcation which occurs at a Reynolds number equal to 789. This solution transforms smoothly into an unstable asymmetric 1-vortex solution as the Reynolds number increases. Another new pair of unstable 2-vortex flow modes whose solution branches are unconnected to previously known branches is calculated by the present two-parameter continuation method. In the case of two rotating spheres, the range of existence in the (Re ₁ , Re ₂ ) plane of the one and two vortex states, the vortex sizes as a function of both Reynolds numbers are identified. Bifurcation theory is used to discuss the origin of the calculated flow modes. Parameter continuation indicates that the stable states are accompanied by certain unstable states. Received 26 November 2001 and accepted 10 May 2002 Published online 30 October 2002 Communicated by M.Y. Hussaini