NbSe2纳米材料的合成及减摩性能研究

将Se粉和Nb粉按一定的比例混合,然后密封在石英管中或压成片状后密封于石英管中,加热到一定温度,分别获得了NbSe2纳米纤维和NbSe2纳米颗粒.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得产物进行了表征,分析了其微观形貌;采用MS-T3000摩擦磨损试验机测定了纳米颗粒作为基础润滑油N40添加剂的摩擦学性能.结果表明,制备的纳米纤维直径100～200nm,纳米颗粒直径40～300nm,二者都具有层状结构和良好的结晶性;NbSe2纳米颗粒作为润滑油添加剂具有明显优于基础润滑油的极压减摩性能;同纳米纤维相比,纳米颗粒的减摩性能较好.     

片状纳米石墨的制备及其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦磨损性能

采用搅拌球磨法制备了平均直径1 μm、厚度10～20 nm的片状纳米石墨;利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了片状纳米石墨的微观形貌和组织结构;利用四球和销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了片状纳米石墨作为液体石蜡添加剂的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,片状纳米石墨能够显著提高润滑油的抗磨性能及承载能力,降低摩擦系数,其最佳添加量约为50 ppm.     

Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd四元合金纳米微粒的制备及其摩擦磨损性能研究

通过直接对Bi-Pb-Sn-Cd四元块状合金进行超声分散制备了相应的四元合金纳米微粒;采用X射线衍射仪和热分析仪分析所制备的纳米微粒结构;采用透射电子显微镜考察了纳米颗粒的形貌及尺寸分布;采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了纳米颗粒的摩擦学性能.结果表明,所制备的纳米颗粒为低熔点共晶合金纳米微粒,颗粒平均尺寸在10～20 nm之间,其作为润滑油添加剂表现出良好的摩擦学性能.     

纳米二硫化钼作为机械油添加剂的摩擦学特性研究

由硫化钠和钼酸钠水溶液反应生成棕色三硫化钼膏状沉淀,将三硫化钼粉末干燥后在氢气保护气氛中于适宜温度下煅烧脱硫,制得了粒径为20～30nm的纳米MoS2颗粒.用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜分析了MoS2纳米颗粒的相组成和微观形貌;利用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定了纳米MoS2作为N46机械油添加剂的摩擦学性能;采用X射线光电子能谱仪分析了磨痕表面元素的化学状态,用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨痕表面形貌,探讨了纳米MoS2的减摩抗磨机理.结果表明,同普通MoS2微粒相比,纳米MoS2更易发生化学反应并在钢球磨损表面形成含三氧化钼的表面膜,纳米MoS2添加剂的极压、抗磨和减摩性能优于普通MoS2.     

羰基铁磁流变液的摩擦性能研究

采用四球摩擦磨损试验机,测定了羰基铁磁流变液及其基础油的摩擦系数,磨斑直径,记录了摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线,考察了磁流变液中基础油类型和添加剂对其摩擦性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜观察了钢球磨痕表面形貌,分析了摩擦磨损机理.结果表明:与基础油相比,同等试验条件下磁流变液的摩擦系数、磨斑直径增大 1～2 倍.基础油类型、触变剂以及抗磨减摩添加剂对磁流变液摩擦学性能影响显著,选取合适的种类可在一定程度内改善其摩擦性能.磁流变液的摩擦以微观切削为主,主要由磁性颗粒产生,随着载荷的增大,摩擦加剧,摩擦磨损机理也由微观切削向微切削与黏着磨损相结合过渡.     

蛇纹石润滑油添加剂摩擦反应膜的力学特征与摩擦学性能

文中考察了变载、变速条件下表面修饰蛇纹石超细粉体作为矿物基础油添加剂的摩擦学性能,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、纳米压痕仪等对比分析了蛇纹石添加剂形成的摩擦反应膜和基础油润滑下的磨损表面微观形貌、元素分布及微观力学性能.在此基础上,通过改变旋转滑动试验过程中的载荷/速度比,建立了基础油/摩擦反应膜和基础油/普通磨损表面润滑体系的Stribeck曲线.结果表明:蛇纹石超细粉体作为润滑油添加剂形成的摩擦反应膜具有较高的硬度和近似于金属材料的弹性模量,氧化物颗粒的嵌入进一步改善了摩擦反应膜的微区纳米力学性能,同时膜层的多孔结构可起到储油和捕获磨粒的双重作用,从而使摩擦反应膜在边界和混合润滑状态下表现出优异的摩擦学性能.     

一种可反应性纳米SiO2的制备和表征及其摩擦磨损性能研究

以正硅酸四乙酯为前驱体,以含不饱和双键碳链为修饰剂采用原位表面修饰法合成出1种可反应性纳米二氧化硅并对其结构进行表征;测定其透光率并得出在介质中的分散性;采用往复摩擦磨损试验机和四球摩擦磨损试验机考察纳米二氧化硅作为汽油机油添加剂的摩擦磨损行为,并用扫描电子显微镜及能量色散谱仪对其磨痕进行观察和分析.结果表明:SiO2 纳米微粒可以直接分散于基础油等油性介质中并具有良好的分散稳定性;作为润滑油添加剂表现出优异的抗磨减摩性能,并对磨损表面起到一定的修复作用.这是由于含双键有机物的存在,在摩擦过程中形成了聚合物膜而起到良好的减摩作用.     

单分散纳米SiO2的制备及其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

以正硅酸乙酯为原料制备了单分散纳米SiO2并表征了其结构,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定了所制备的纳米SiO2作为500SN基础油添加剂的摩擦学性能.结果表明:所制备的SiO2为粒径60 nm左右的球形微粒,其表面含有大量羟基,具有无定形晶体结构;纳米SiO2作为添加剂可以显著提高500SN基础油的承载能力和抗磨性能,当纳米SiO2的添加量为2.0%时,相应的pB值最高、磨斑直径最小、摩擦系数最低.     

等离子喷涂纳米FeS涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用等离子喷涂技术在GCr15钢表面制备出纳米FeS固体润滑涂层,采用MHK-500型摩擦磨损试验机评价了FeS涂层在油润滑和干摩擦2种条件下的摩擦磨损性能,用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪观察分析了涂层的形貌、结构、物相组成和磨损表面形貌.结果表明,纳米FeS涂层的物相主要为六方FeS,还有少量Fe1-xS和氧化物,涂层由尺寸在50～100 nm的颗粒组成.与GCr15钢相比,纳米FeS涂层的减摩耐磨性明显提高,尤其在油润滑条件下摩擦系数降低1倍,在高载荷(375 N)条件下磨痕宽度降低近1倍.在油润滑和干摩擦条件下,FeS涂层的主要磨损失效形式均为塑性变形.     

几种纳米微粒作为锂基脂添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了纳米SiO2、纳米LaF3及纳米Ni等3类纳米微粒作为锂基脂添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响;采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量色散谱仪及X射线光电子能谱仪分析了含纳米微粒添加剂的锂基脂润滑下的钢球磨损表面形貌、元素面分布及典型元素的化学状态.结果表明:3种纳米微粒作为添加剂均能够显著提高锂基脂的减摩抗磨能力;锂基脂及含不同纳米添加剂的锂基脂润滑下的钢球磨损表面形貌及其表面保护膜的性质存在明显差异,这种差异决定了钢-钢摩擦副在相应脂润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能差异;含纳米SiO2的锂基脂润滑下的钢球磨损表面形成的含纳米SiO2的表面保护膜均匀且厚度适中,故其相应的减摩抗磨效果最佳.     

Solvent-less synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures from Zn(salen) as precursor and their optical properties

ZnO nanoparticles, 10–20 nm in size, were synthesized by heat treatment in air at 500 °C for 5 h., using [N,N′-bis(salicylaldehydo) ethylene diamine]zinc(II), i.e., Zn(salen), as precursor, which was obtained by a solvent-free solid–solid reaction. Heat-treated products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra of ZnO nanostructures are dominated by green emission attributed to oxygen vacancy related donor–acceptor transition.     

类石墨烯二硫化钼的制备及其真空摩擦学性能研究

采用电化学剥离法制备了类石墨烯二硫化钼(MoS_2)片层,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜表征了类石墨烯二硫化钼的结构.利用真空摩擦试验机测试了含类石墨烯MoS_2添加剂离子液体(IL-MoS_2)的摩擦学性能并与纯离子液体(IL)进行了对比.利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察磨斑处的形貌并用X射线光电子能谱仪表征了IL-MoS_2摩擦前后的化学状态,并对润滑机理进行了分析.结果表明:电化学剥离法成功制备了类石墨烯MoS_2,这种制备方法简单易行,制得的类石墨烯MoS_2面积大,质量好,能保持二硫化钼固有的结构.IL-MoS_2对钢/钢摩擦副具有优异的减摩抗磨作用;摩擦过程中,纳米尺寸的二硫化钼吸附在钢/钢摩擦副界面形成了保护层,避免摩擦副的直接接触,降低摩擦磨损.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of star-like and dendritic PbS nanoparticles from new precursors

Lead sulfide (PbS) nanostructures with different morphologies and particle sizes were obtained via a simple hydrothermal reaction between lead (II) salicylate (Pb(Hsal)₂) and thiourea (tu). Reaction products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Morphology of the product, varying from star-like to dendritic, depends on the mole ratio of tu to (Pb(Hsal)₂), pH, and reaction time.     

等离子体辅助球磨制备表面修饰纳米TiO2的摩擦学性能分析

以季铵盐和月桂酸钠为过程处理剂,利用等离子体辅助球磨制备表面修饰纳米TiO_2粉体,并测试其摩擦学性能.结果表明:在等离子体的热爆效应及脉冲电子轰击效应的协同作用下,辅助球磨11 h制备的表面修饰纳米TiO_2粉体粒径在20 nm左右,晶型发生由锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变.等离子体辅助球磨使得纳米TiO_2获得了良好的亲油疏水表面特性,在40CA船用润滑油中表现出稳定的分散性.由于纳米TiO_2粉体的"微轴承"作用,复合润滑油的摩擦系数降低,摩擦副的磨损失重量减少.纳米TiO_2粉体在摩擦过程中容易吸附沉积在摩擦副表面并修补磨痕,使得复合润滑油具备良好的减摩及自修复性能.     

Synthesis of mesoporous γ-AlOOH@Fe3O4 magnetic nanomicrospheres

Mesoporous γ-AlOOH@Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanomicrospheres were synthesized using superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as the core and aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) as the aluminum source. The obtained magnetic nanomicrospheres were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N₂ adsorption–desorption and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The effects of preparation parameters such as hydrolysis time of AIP, concentration of AIP and coating layer number on microspheres were investigated. The results indicated that the mesoporous γ-AlOOH@Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanomicrospheres consisted of a mesoporous γ-AlOOH shell and a Fe₃O₄ magnetic core. The diameter of γ-AlOOH@Fe₃O₄ nanomicrospheres was about 200 nm, the thickness of mesoporous γ-AlOOH shell was about 5 nm and the average pore size was 3.8 nm. The thickness of the mesoporous γ-AlOOH shell could be controlled via layer-by-layer coating times. The formation mechanism of the mesoporous γ-AlOOH shell involved a “chemisorption–hydrolysis” process.     

Roles of polyacrylate dispersant in the synthesis of well-dispersed BaSO4 nanoparticles by simple precipitation

Well-dispersed BaSO₄ nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) by a simple precipitation method, with BaCl₂ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ as reactants. The different roles performed by PAAS in the synthesis of BaSO₄ nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the as-synthesized BaSO₄ nanoparticles were spheres with an average diameter of 30 nm and that their surfaces were affected by the PAAS. Under a typical procedure employed, PAAS reacted with BaCl₂ to yield an intermediate, serving as a control releasing agent and separating the nucleation and crystal growth processes of the BaSO₄ nuclei. During formation of the BaSO₄ nanospheres, the intermediate slowly dissolved and released barium and polyacrylate ions, inhibiting the growth and aggregation of newly formed BaSO₄ seeds and resulting in particles of narrow diameter distribution and improved dispersibility. Moreover, these polyacrylate ions further modified the surfaces of the BaSO₄ nanoparticles.     

A novel preparation of nanosized hexagonal Mg(OH)2 as a flame retardant

Nanosized dispersive hexagonal magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) has been prepared using an ammonia-hydrothermal method. Citric acid and monoethanolamine (MEA) were added to the reaction system during the ammonia precipitation and hydrothermal processes, respectively, to improve the crystallinity and dispersion of the (Mg(OH)₂) particles. The resulting Mg(OH)₂ samples obtained under the optimum preparation conditions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal gravity analysis, which showed that this newly developed procedure afforded well-dispersed hexagonal nanoplates of Mg(OH)₂ with a mean diameter of 246 nm.     

Visible light-driven photocatalysis of W,N co-doped TiO2

W, N co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol-gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, trans- mission electron microscopy （TEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-1R）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry （DRS）. The results showed that the co- doped photocatalysts were essentially uniform spherical particles with the smallest particle size of 22.5 nm. Compared to un-doped TiO2, N-TiO2 and P-25, the absorption edge of the W, N co-doped TiO2 shifted to longer wavelength and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange （MO） under Xe-lamp （350W） was higher.