含脱层损伤复合材料层合梁的冲击动力屈曲

针对含初始缺陷和脱层损伤的复合材料层合梁的轴向冲击动力屈曲问题进行了分析。基于Hamilton原理导出了考虑初始缺陷、轴向和横向惯性、横向剪切变形以及转动惯性影响时含脱层损伤复合材料梁的非线性动力屈曲控制方程;基于B-R准则,采用有限差分方法求解了受轴向冲击载荷作用下含脱层损伤复合材料梁的动力屈曲问题;讨论了冲击速度、初始几何缺陷、铺层角度以及脱层长度等因素对复合材料层合梁动力屈曲的影响。     

低速冲击下压电层合板的非线性动力响应与疲劳损伤寿命分析

基于损伤力学,考虑压电效应、几何非线性和损伤演化的影响,建立了集中载荷作用下压电层合板的非线性运动微分方程,考虑撞击物与压电层合板之间的弹性接触效应,确定了层合板所承受的冲击力.对此非线性动力问题,采用有限差分法进行求解,且引入损伤层合板单元模型,采用有限元方法模拟了冲击荷载作用下压电层合板的损伤演化.算例中,讨论了撞击物的冲击速度、压电材料以及损伤对压电层合板非线性动力响应的影响,以及周期冲击荷载下冲击速度和压电材料对压电层合板疲劳损伤寿命的影响.     

考虑接触效应的具脱层轴对称层合圆板的非线性动力响应

基于von Karman板理论,利用三分区模型,建立了在面内压力和横向荷载联合作用下具脱层的轴对称正交层合圆板的非线性运动微分方程,其中,考虑了横向剪切效应和脱层接触效应.在此基础上,利用正交配点法进行了求解,并着重讨论了脱层之间的接触效应对结构非线性动力响应的影响.     

角铺设复合材料层合板内部脱层破坏的研究

在面内剪切外载作用下，角铺设复合材料层板板最终的宏观破坏模式是脱层，然而从细观角度来看，宏观的脱层破坏可以对应不同的细观损伤过程，以破坏面的形貌为例，有些破坏面的形貌为例，有些破坏面主要由裸露的纤维和纤维迹组成，而有些破坏面则主要由矩齿形基体材料组成。不同的过程对应着不同的力学性能、诸如脱层强度、韧性等、本文从细观角度研究了脱层破坏过程，并就铺设角、界面强度、基体开裂强度对该过程的影响进行了讨论。     

含界面脱粘压电复合材料层合板的非线性动力稳定性分析

基于Reddy提出的板高阶剪切变形简化理论,研究了含界面脱粘损伤压电复合材料层合板非线性动力稳定性问题.首先,建立了分层模型,推导了考虑几何非线性、阻尼效应、纵向惯性力和力-电耦合效应的Mathieu方程,并且给出了该方程解的解析表达式.其次,通过典型算例讨论了界面脱粘损伤以及反馈控制力对该层合板动力不稳定区域、纵向、横向共振频率和最大"牵引"深度的影响.由典型算例讨论可知:随着层合板界面脱粘损伤的扩大,其动力稳定性能逐渐减弱,其中在损伤较小时,反馈控制力对智能结构几乎没有影响;而在损伤比较大的情况下,反馈控制力将能有效地减少动力不稳定区域重合面积.     

具任意脱层复合材料梁的非线性谐波响应

研究了具任意脱层复合材料梁的非线性谐波响应问题。基于弹性理论，建立了考虑剪切变形时的复合材料梁脱层的基本方程式。在空间上采用B样条函数和Galerkin积分法，在时间上采用增量谐波平衡法进行计算。通过实例计算，得出了简谐力作用下的非线性动力响应曲线。认为基谐波振动仍是非线性振动的主要部分。     

具损伤压电智能层合板的动力分析

基于应变能等效原理、高阶剪切变形理论和Hamilton变分原理,考虑复合材料铺设层内的损伤效应,建立了具损伤压电智能层合板的运动控制方程,并运用Galerkin方法进行求解.数值算例中,讨论了损伤效应、厚跨比及压电层厚度与层合板总厚度之比对四边简支压电智能层合板自由振动频率的影响和外部控制电压对其动力响应的影响.     

复合材料层合梁在横向线载荷下的脱层扩展

基于可动边界变分原理对层合梁脱层扩展进行了分析;考虑了脱层间的接触效应,建立了层合梁在横向线载荷作用下的非线性控制微分方程及相应的定解条件;应用Griffith准则导出了脱层前缘各点处的能量释放率表达式;通过算例讨论了脱层长度、脱层深度、几何尺寸、材料性质等因素对脱层扩展的影响.研究表明:脱层越长、越深、横向载荷越大,脱层越容易扩展;梁的长高比L/h及材料的E_(11)/E_(22)越大,脱层越不易发生扩展.     

混凝土材料的层裂特性

利用Hopkinson压杆作为实验设备,通过试件后面吸收杆上应变波形研究了混凝土材料的层裂特性。不同强度混凝土在不同加载率下的实验结果表明,混凝土层裂强度与其压缩强度以及加载速率有关,给出了层裂强度和压缩强度以及加载率之间关系的经验公式,并指出不同加载速度下混凝土裂纹扩展方式不同是层裂强度率效应的主要原因。加载压缩波损伤的影响、重复加载实验以及多次层裂的顺序都表明,损伤对混凝土的层裂过程有重要影响。     

轴压层合结构脱层屈曲及其扩展研究进展

脱层及其进一步扩展可以降低层合结构的强度．首先简单介绍了脱层的一般概念、起因及其分类．从一维脱层、二维脱层和柱壳脱层三个方面介绍了脱层问题的研究概况．指出拉弯耦合和横向剪切效应对脱层结构的屈曲载荷和后屈曲特性影响很大;对于不同的材料特性和尺寸比率,脱层结构的屈曲模态和最终承载能力也不同．最后提出了需进一步深入研究的问题      

剪切流作用下层合梁非线性振动特性研究

针对剪切流中层合梁的大变形非线性振动问题, 采用高阶剪切变形锯齿理论和冯·卡门应变描述层合梁的变形模式和几何非线性效应, 构建了大变形层合梁非线性振动有限元数值模型; 采用基于任意拉格朗日?欧拉方法的有限体积法求解不可压缩黏性流体纳维-斯托克斯方程, 结合层合梁和流体的耦合界面条件建立了剪切流作用下层合梁流固耦合非线性动力学数值模型, 采用分区并行强耦合方法对层合梁的流致非线性振动响应进行了迭代计算. 研究了不同速度分布的剪切流作用下单层梁和多层复合材料梁的振动响应特性, 并验证了本文数值建模方法的有效性. 结果表明: 剪切流作用下单层梁的振动特性与均匀流作用下的情况不同, 梁的运动轨迹受剪切流影响向下偏斜, 随着速度分布系数增加, 尾部流场中的涡结构发生改变; 刚度比对剪切流作用下层合梁的振动特性有显著影响, 随着刚度比的增加, 层合梁振动的振幅增大, 主导频率下降, 运动轨迹由‘8’字形逐渐变得不对称; 发现了不同厚度比和铺层角度情况下, 层合梁存在定点稳定模式、周期极限环振动模式和非周期振动模式三种不同的振动模式, 改变层合梁铺层角度可实现层合梁周期极限环振动模式向非周期振动模式转变.      

Dynamic interaction effects of multiple delaminations in plates subject to cylindrical bending

The interaction of multiple delaminations in a laminated composite plate loaded dynamically under plane strain conditions (cylindrical bending) is studied by a simple but accurate model that represents the delaminated plate as a set of Timoshenko beams joined by cohesive interfaces. Behavioral maps are derived, which distinguish conditions under which multiple delaminations tend to propagate with equal lengths from those under which one of them tends to grow as a dominant crack with relatively high velocity. In homogeneous systems, equal length growth is favored when the delaminations are equally spaced through the thickness. While the behavioral maps are similar to those for static loading conditions, significant dynamic effects arise in the details of propagation: the maximum energy release rate depends strongly on the loading rate, duration and profile; dynamic effects and crack-interaction effects are generally coupled; and strong hammering effects (chaotic collisions of sub-laminates) can occur during the free wave motions that arise after the load is removed. The hammering effect can be suppressed by imposing a large-scale bridging mechanism (bridging extending far in the crack wake, as from pins or stitches), whereupon energy release rates tend to show smooth oscillations associated with waves propagating on the scale of the whole specimen. The energy absorbed during failure will depend significantly on whether conditions favor multiple delaminations propagating with equal lengths or a single delamination growing dominantly.     

Dynamic analysis of composite plate with multiple delaminations based on higher-order zigzag theory

In a recent paper, Cho and Kim [Journal of Applied Mechanics] proposed a higher-order cubic zigzag theory of laminated composites with multiple delaminations. The proposed theory is not only accurate but also efficient because it work with a minimal number of degrees of freedom with the application of interface continuity conditions as well as bounding surface conditions of transverse shear stresses including delaminated interfaces. In this work, we investigate the dynamic behavior of laminated composite plates with multiple delaminations. A four-node finite element based on the efficient higher-order zigzag plate theory of laminated composite plates with multiple delaminations is developed to refine the prediction of frequencies, mode shape, and time response. Through the dynamic version of the variational approach, the dynamic equilibrium equations and variationally consistent boundary conditions are obtained. Natural frequency prediction and time response analysis of a composite plate with multiple delaminations demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present finite element method. To prevent penetration violation at the delamination interfaces, unilateral contact constraints by Lagrange multiplier method are applied in the time response analysis. The present finite element is suitable for the prediction of dynamic response of thick composite plates with multiple and arbitrary shaped delaminations.     

Generalized layerwise mechanics for the static and modal response of delaminated composite beams with active piezoelectric sensors

A coupled linear layerwise laminate theory and a beam FE are formulated for analyzing delaminated composite beams with piezoactuators and sensors. The model assumes zig-zag fields for the axial displacements and the electric potential and it treats the discontinuities in the displacement fields due to the delaminations as additional degrees of freedom. The formulation naturally includes the excitation of piezoelectric actuators, their interactions with the composite laminate, and the effect of delamination on the predicted sensory voltage. The quasistatic and modal response of laminated composite Gr/Epoxy beams with active or sensory layers having various delamination sizes is predicted. The numerical results illustrate the strong effect of delamination on the sensor voltage, on through the thickness displacement and on the stress fields. Finally, the effect of delamination on modal frequencies and shapes are predicted and compared with previously obtained experimental results.     

Thermal buckling and postbuckling of laminated composite beams with temperature-dependent properties

The thermal buckling and postbuckling analysis of laminated composite beams with temperature-dependent material properties is presented. The governing equations are based on the first-order shear deformation beam theory (FSDT) and the geometrical nonlinearity is modeled using Green's strain tensor in conjunction with the von Karman assumptions. The differential quadrature method (DQM) as an accurate, simple and computationally efficient numerical tool is adopted to discretize the governing equations and the related boundary conditions. A direct iterative method is employed to obtain the critical temperature (bifurcation point) as well as the nonlinear equilibrium path (the postbuckling behavior) of symmetrically laminated beams. The applicability, rapid rate of convergence and high accuracy of the method are established via different examples and by comparing the results with those of existing in literature. Then, the effects of temperature dependence of the material properties, boundary conditions, length-to-thickness ratios, number of layers and ply angle on the thermal buckling and postbuckling characteristic of symmetrically laminated beams are investigated.     

ANALYSIS OF ELASTO-PLASTIC POSTBUCKLING AND ENERGY RELEASE RATE FOR DELAMINATED FIBER METAL LAMINATED BEAMS IN THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

The elasto-plastic postbuckling of fiber metal laminated beams with delamination and the energy release rate along the delamination front are discussed in this paper. Considering geometrical nonlinearity, thermal environment and geometrical initial imperfection, the incremental nonlinear equilibrium equations of delaminated fiber metal laminated beams are established,which are solved using the differential quadrature method and iterative method. Based on these,according to the J-integral theory, the elasto-plastic energy release rate is studied. The effects of some important parameters on the elasto-plastic postbuckling behavior and energy release rate of the aramid reinforced aluminum laminated beams are discussed in details.     

脱层梁屈曲的高阶剪切理论

脱层的存在将会大大降低层合结构的屈曲载荷。该文将含任意位置脱层的两端固支梁分成多段子层,用厚度的三次多项式模拟脱层梁屈曲时子层的轴向位移,利用变分原理和欧拉方程导出了脱层梁的屈曲方程和定解条件,并用状态空间方法进行求解。通过与一阶剪切理论和经典理论的比较,指出了它们各自的适用范围;考虑了脱层梁三种不同的屈曲模态。分析了脱层长度、深度、位置和材料的铺层方向对脱层梁屈曲载荷的影响;最后给出了多处简单脱层的屈曲分析。     

Elastic interaction of multiple delaminations in plates subject to cylindrical bending

This paper deals with the elastic interaction of multiple through-width delaminations in laminated plates subject to static out of plane loading and deforming in cylindrical bending. A model has been formulated utilizing the classical theory of the bending of beams and plates and accounting for non-frictional contact along the delamination faces. Strong interaction effects arise between the delaminations including shielding and amplification of the energy release rate and modification of the mode ratio as compared to a structure with only a single delamination. Such behavior has been summarized in maps that completely characterize the response of a system of two delaminations in a cantilever beam. The quasi-static propagation of the system of delaminations is also strongly controlled by the delamination interactions, which lead to local snap-back and snap-through instabilities, crack arrest and crack pull-along. The results show similarity to those for cracked infinite bodies, but the finite-thickness of the plate plays an important role and gives rise to more complex behaviors. The stability of the equality of length of a system of n delaminations is controlled by their spacing. Finite element calculations confirm that the model proposed here is accurate, except when the difference in the length of the interacting delaminations is less than a few times the separation of their planes.     

Spherical indentation of composite laminates with controlled gradients in elastic anisotropy

Three-dimensional elastic analyses and experiments of indentation of thick laminated plates of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy are presented. Pointwise, the material is characterized as a linear elastic orthotropic material. The in-plane orientation of the carbon fibers is systematically varied as a function of depth. The influence of fiber orientation as a function of depth on the indentation response is considered along with the relationship between the indenter force vs depth. The fiber orientation profiles considered are those of a continuous linear variation between 90° at the outer surfaces and 0° at the center plane of the laminate, and a cross ply laminate involving alternating 90° and 0° layers through thickness. Experimentally, it is found that for the case of a cross-ply laminate, the indentation produces delaminations localized at the interfaces that separate planes of dissimilar orientation. For this case, stress concentrations at interfaces between plies of dissimilar orientation coincide with the observed sites of delamination. For the graded case, evidence of enhanced nonlinear deformation is found, without the nucleation of cracks. Computations show that for the graded material, tensile stresses perpendicular to fibers are suppressed significantly, possibly explaining the absence of matrix cracks in this material. Measured and computed indenter force-depth variations were found to be in good agreement. Experiments and computations also reveal that the orientation-graded material is more compliant when subjected to indentation than the conventional cross-ply laminate.