埋光纤光栅传感器智能土木结构应变监测

采取与土木工程施工特点相适应的操作工艺与保护方法，将光纤Bragg光栅传感器埋入钢筋混凝土结构中，分别在实验室和实际工程施工现场对混凝土内部的应变进行了测量。实验中光纤Bragg光栅传感性能良好，能够监测混凝土内部应变状态，显示出成活率高、绝对值测量、寿命长等优势，为建立基于光纤传感器的结构健康监测系统奠定了基础。     

光纤光栅传感器对钢筋混凝土内部应变的测量及温度效应的研究

本文应用光纤光栅传感器实现了对钢筋混凝土试件内部应变的测量．试验不仅就应用光纤光栅进行混凝土结构内部应变测量的技术、工艺进行研究，还通过设计温度控制试验，考察了光纤光栅传感器的温度补偿问题，以及横向应变对测量结果的影响．     

基于光纤智能夹层传感结构的应力测量研究

制作了一种模块化的光纤传感夹层,对夹层内的光纤传感器的应力特性进行了实验研究。分析了应变对传感系数的影响,对埋入到光纤智能夹层中的两种光纤传感器的输出特性进行了比较。实验结果表明:光纤Bragg光栅传感器的波长漂移与应变之间具有理想的线性关系,但应变灵敏度由1.2pm/με降至1.15pm/με;由于制作工艺的局限,对于非本征F-P光纤传感器,当应变达到350με后,应变与载荷具有较好的线性响应。与非本征F-P光纤传感器相比,光纤Bragg光栅传感器是光纤智能夹层首选的应变传感器。将埋入了Bragg光栅传感器的智能夹层粘贴于某型飞机的翼-身连接构件内部进行监测,实验结果为光纤智能夹层应用于复合材料结构的应变监测提供了参考。     

分布式光纤传感器测量数据可靠性分析方法

分析了分布式光纤传感器测量结果的可靠性,提出从应变系数和温度系数标定到分布式光纤传感器物理量测量以及结果评价的方法,设计了分布式光纤传感器的应变系数和温度系数标定装置,同时分析了应变标定装置的不确定度来源,采用基于光频域反射技术的分布式光纤解调仪进行了实验验证。应变标定范围为-5000με~5000με,温度标定范围为20℃~50℃,第一次测量得到应变系数和温度系数分别为:-6.6775με/GHz和-0.5921℃/GHz。使用获得的应变系数和温度系数再次测量,得到在测量范围内,应变测量相对误差为1%,温度测量相对误差为2%,满足工程应用要求。上述结果表明,设计、发展的数据标定及分析方法可用于分布式光纤传感器应变系数和温度系数的标定。     

FRP混凝土结构力学性能的实验研究

本文首次引入基于马赫—曾德(Mech—Zehnder)原理的全光纤应变传感器系统到FRP混凝土结构的力学性能研究中，通过四点弯曲试验来测量试件内部的应力应变状态，并结合电测结果进行综合分析，为进一步的理论分析和计算奠定了实验基础．     

一种基于动态参考瑞利散射谱的分布式光纤大应变解调方法

基于光频域反射计(OFDR)的分布式光纤系统在结构健康监测领域得到广泛关注,通过对参考瑞利散射谱和测量瑞利散射谱进行互相关分析来确定谱偏移量,进而转化为结构应变。这种分布式光纤的应变解调方法具有较高的空间分辨率和测量精度,但在光纤受到较大应变时(超过3000με)会出现瑞利散射谱信号急剧衰减,从而导致互相关分析无法解调应变。本文提出了一种OFDR分布式光纤的大应变分步解调方法,采用动态参考瑞利散射谱取代固定参考瑞利散射谱的方法来突破大应变测量的限制。通过对复合材料层合板拉伸实验的大应变测量表明,本文所提出的光纤应变解调方法能稳定和可靠地测量10000με以上的大应变情况。     

基于Bragg光纤光栅的位移-应变传感器分析

光纤光栅传感器技术应用于力学测试是国内外正在发展的一门新技术.本文基于光纤光栅传感的基本原理,介绍了一种用于位移测量的应变传感器,测得应变与位移变化具有良好的线性特点,重复性好;对该传感器的测量过程进行了有限元模拟,并与实验值进行了比较.     

光纤传感器在相似材料模型测试中的相容性研究

为了找出光纤传感器弯曲损耗与岩层变形破坏过程中变形的关系 ,在相似材料模型铺设过程中将光纤传感器埋入在层合材料之间。研究了相似材料模拟实验中 ,光纤与模型岩层的相互作用机理 ,光纤与模型岩层的相容性 ,以及提高二者相容性的方法 ;并设计了一种基于光时域反射技术的新型微弯光纤传感器 ,用于相似材料模型的应变、位移检测中。实验研究表明 ,这种传感器结构不仅能实现对岩体变形的监测 ,而且在该情况下传感器不会失效 ,具有较好的相容性。构建了岩体光纤检测的理论基础     

光纤光栅传感器应用于典型复合材料梁内部应变测试的试验研究

利用埋设在复合材料内部的未封装光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)传感器监测环氧树脂梁和玻璃纤维层压梁在三点弯曲过程中的应变变化,并与理论值进行对比,结果表明:两者所得的应变变化趋势吻合良好.光纤光栅传感器测量典型复合材料梁内部应变的方法不仅适用于各向同性的环氧树脂复合材料,而且适用于各向异性的玻璃纤维复合材料.     

分布式光纤传感测试系统(BOTDA)用于H型钢梁变形监测的实验研究

介绍了分布式光纤传感测试系统(BOTDA)的应变测量原理,并应用BOTDA技术对H型钢梁加载后的应变分布进行了测量。试验表明,BOTDA的应变测量结果与电阻应变片的测量结果及理论值具有良好的一致性。光纤测量的数据是连续的,因而更加适用于那些需要测试连续变形的结构。由BOTDA的实测应变分布推算出的H型钢梁的弯矩和挠度,与理论分析结果高度吻合。作为先进的监测技术手段,分布式光纤传感测试系统应用于SMW工法桩施工监测是完全可行的。     

埋入式封装的光纤光栅传感器应变传递分析

推导了布拉格光纤光栅传感器所测应变与实际结构应变的关系,得出了平均应变传递率并与实际试验结果进行比较. 根据应变传递率确定了光纤的临界粘接长度，并推导了多层粘接时的应变传递情况，讨论了影响应变传递率的因素. 结果表明，光纤光栅的粘贴长度必须大于临界粘贴长度，且光纤光栅传感器所测应变需要加以修正才能得到实际结构应变.     

DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL STRAIN IN 3-D BRAIDED COMPOSITES USING OPTIC FIBER STRAIN SENSORS

A reliable understanding of the properties of 3-D braided composites is of primary importance for proper utilization of these materials. A new method is introduced to study the mechanical performance of braided composite materials using embedded optic fiber sensors. Experimental research is performed to devise a method of incorporating optic fibers into a 3-D braided composite structure. The efficacy of this new testing method is evaluated on two counts. First, the optical performance of optic fibers is studied before and after incorporated into 3-D braided composites, as well as after completion of the manufacturing process for 3-D braided composites, to validate the ability of the optic fiber to survive the manufacturing process. On the other hand, the influence of incorporated optic fiber on the original braided composite is also researched by tension and compression experiments. Second, two kinds of optic fiber sensors are co-embedded into 3-D braided composites to evaluate their respective ability     

一种新颖的光纤应力传感器

基于模体积失配效应与微弯原理，提出了一种新颖的强度型光纤应力传感器，其传输光功率变化与应力之间近似为线性关系，重复性好，无迟滞现象     

Residual Strains using Integrated Continuous Fiber Optic Sensing in Thermoplastic Composites and Structural Health Monitoring

The evolution of spatially resolved internal strain/stress during the manufacturing of thermoplastic composites and subsequent relaxation from water intake are evaluated using an in-situ fiber optic sensor corresponding to a coated optical glass fiber with a nominal diameter of 160 μm. Unidirectional carbon fiber-polyamide 6 composites are produced using compression molding with an embedded fiber optic for strain measurement. The distributed fiber optic based strain sensor is placed in an arrangement to capture 0, 45, and 90° strains in the composite to resolve in-plane strain tensor. Strains are monitored in the direction of fiber optic sensor along its length at high resolution during the various stages of compression molding process. Results indicate considerable internal strains leading to residual stress at the end of processing step along the off-axis (45°) and transverse (90°) directions, and small strains in the carbon fiber pre-preg (0°) direction. At the end of compression molding process, an average of 7000 and 10,000 compressive micro-strains are obtained for residual state of strain in the off-axis and transverse direction. Since water/moisture infusion affects the mechanical properties of polyamide-6 matrix resin, these composite panels with embedded sensors targeted for marine applications are monitored in a water bath at 40 °C simulating accelerated testing conditions. Using the same fiber optic sensor based technique, the strain relaxation was observed during water uptake demonstrating in-situ strain monitoring during both manufacturing and subsequent composite implementation/application environment. The technique presented in this paper shows the potential of optimizing time-temperature-pressure protocols typically utilized in thermoplastic manufacturing, and continuous life-cycle monitoring of composite materials using a small diameter and inexpensive distributed fiber optic sensing.     

地质和岩土工程光纤传感监测技术综述

光纤传感器与常规传感器相比具有很大的优越性,已经成为地质和岩土工程监测领域中的研究热点。本文介绍了光纤传感监测系统的种类、基本测量原理和目前国内外的研究发展状况,并对各种传感技术的性能和特点进行了比较,指出了光纤传感监测技术应用于地质和岩土工程监测尚需研究的相关课题。     

Distributed strain sensing using frequency-modulated continuous-wave reflectometric optical technique

This paper presents an analysis describing the feasibility of a distributed optical fiber strain sensor whose principle of operation is based on the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) reflectometry technique. The system consists of a frequency-swept laser diode and an unbalanced two-beam interferometer. In this system, the test arm comprises a number of single-mode fibers, which act as the sensing fibers, with a mirror at the far end and mechanical splices as the connectors, as well as the reflectors. Theoretical analysis shows that the measuring resolution of the strain is inversely proportional to the length of the sensing fiber. The strain variation of the sensing fiber is measured by demodulating the phase shift of the beat signal using a heterodyne signal processing system, and therefore the requirement of a high precision temperature control of the light source can be eliminated in this way. The comparison between the theoretical and experimental values of the strain resolution showed excellent agreement.     

基于神经网络与光纤传感阵列的结构状态监测方法

以探测机敏复合材料与结构内应变、应力及损伤等物理状态的位置信息为目的．提出了一种新颖的可内埋于材料与结构内作为结构状态监测用的强度调制型光纤传感阵列网络，并采用人工神经网络来处理传感阵列输出的并行分布式传感信号，阐述了适用的Ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ网模型及其变化形式，给出了仿真实验结果