Level Set追踪等温非牛顿熔全前沿界面

应用Level Set方法追踪薄壁型腔内Hele-Shaw熔体流动前沿界面,采用5阶加权本质无振荡格式耦合中心差分格式实现了充填阶段的动态模拟.准确追踪到了不同时刻熔体前沿界面,并得到了对应的压力等值线分布,数值结果表明Level Set方法是准确追踪注塑成型熔体前沿界面的一种行之有效的方法.     

气体辅助注射成型过程动力学分析

基于气体穿透机理和Hele-Shaw流动模型,对管状模腔中气体冲破熔体前沿形成中空制品气辅成型过程进行了研究,推导出反映充模流动压力梯度比、非牛顿幂率指数等影响因素与计算表层熔体厚度比之间关系的数学公式,建立了熔体前沿和气体前沿速度与位移演化关系的数学模型,分别得出了牛顿流体和非牛顿流体选取不同影响参数时熔体前沿和气体前沿速度、位移的演化曲线.模拟结果表明,所建数学模型能较好的反映熔体前沿和气体前沿速度、位移演化关系.在气体冲破熔体前沿以前,气体接近匀加速运动,前沿位移梯度逐渐增加;熔体前沿的速度几乎保持不变,位移随时间接近线性增长.当气体冲破熔体前沿时,熔体和气体前沿的速度和位移均急速上升.     

带有障碍物溃坝流动问题的有限元数值模拟研究

针对下游带有障碍物的溃坝流动问题,本文基于两相流动模型,在有限元算法框架下对其进行数值模拟研究。依据水平集(Level Set)方法追踪运动界面,并引入了一个简单的修正技术,保证较好的质量守恒性。为了精确表示运动界面,采用稳定和有效的间断有限元方法求解双曲型Level Set及其重新初始化方程。对于两相统一Navier-Stokes方程,首先利用分裂格式对其解耦,然后通过SUPG (Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin)方法进行数值求解。模拟研究了下游带有障碍物的牛顿流体溃坝流动问题,得到的数值结果与文献已有模拟结果及实验结果均吻合较好。此外,还考虑了幂律型非牛顿流体,并分析了不同特性非牛顿流体对于溃坝流动过程和界面形态等的影响。     

Level Set方法和多介质可压缩流

多介质可压缩流问题计算的关键是如何精确的捕获不同时刻物质界面的位置,从而将多介质问题分解成多个单介质问题去处理.Level Set方法的优点是不用显示的追踪物质界面,而用距离函数就能精确定位界面.同时,用Level Set方法追踪界面运动易于处理界面拓扑结构的变化、易于处理大变形问题.本文成功地将Level Set方法应用在二维多介质可压缩流计算.     

基于黏弹性的微注射成型流动模拟

应用有限元方法研究了微注射成型中瞬态、可压缩、非牛顿熔体流动的黏弹性对流动前沿及流动平衡的影响。基于Phan-Thien-Tanner模型建立了熔体流动的本构方程,利用Hele-Shaw假设和简化建立了瞬态、可压缩、非牛顿熔体流动的连续性方程、动量方程、能量方程;为了有效地描述微注射成型的尺寸效应,采用了边界滑移和表面张力边界条件。通过分部积分和待定系数法导出了带有边界信息的变分方程和求解应力分量的半解析公式,构造了有限元离散求解及超松驰迭代算法。模拟结果表明:熔体的黏弹性对浇口附近的压力和后续的熔体流动前沿有重要影响;与黏性模型相比,黏弹性模型可以控制模拟压力的快速增长,减少不同型腔之间的充填差异,与短射实验结果也更吻合。     

注塑成型喷射现象数值模拟及机理分析

喷射是熔体充填过程中一种特殊流动形态,也是注塑成型的不良现象,为了预测射流长度、形态演化,揭示喷射的产生机理,建立了粘性、非等温的熔体三维流动模型,构造了熔体流动前沿演化的输运方程。用有限体积法离散控制方程,提出了压强与速度及速度与温度的两重解耦合方案,开发了模拟程序,分析了模拟成型过程中粘性力、惯性力、速度、温度、压力等物理量的大小及变化规律。基于模拟结果分析了粘性力、惯性力的大小对喷射的影响,发现:当惯性力大于粘性力时产生喷射现象,随着粘性力增大,射流变为蛇形流;射流长度依赖于注射速度,速度越大,射流越长,熔体温度对射流长度基本没有影响。此外,实验结果表明,注塑成型喷射现象数值模拟及机理分析方法可以较好地预测射流长度、蛇形流的形态以及蛇形流中、后端摆动幅度。     

微纳通道中牛顿及非牛顿流体流动分析

基于润滑近似理论,建立了毛细管力作用下牛顿及非牛顿流体在微纳米通道中的流动控制方程,其时间依赖性的接触角由实验数据拟合,弯月面曲率的变化规律可由其末点与初点曲率比值控制;并利用圆弧分割近似的方法得到不同时刻液体弯月面的动态变化,将该算法应用于求解牛顿流体酒精毛细作用下的液柱高度,结果与Hamraoui的实验吻合很好。该算法进一步扩展到求解非晶材料PC(聚碳酸酯)热压印过程中在微纳通道中的流动高度。通过模拟分析得知:当非牛顿指数n为0.715时,材料易流动且柱体高度上升快;Bond数为0.1时,毛细力对柱体弯月面的作用效果更强,弯月面高度值更大。     

用Level Set方法追踪运动界面

首先介绍了近年来发展起来的界面追踪技术Level Set方法,然后采用五阶WENO格式和积分平均型TVD格式计算Level Set方程,用修正的Godunov方法求解重新初始化的Level Set方程,数值求解了同心圆在常数流场,圆和矩形界面在剪切流场,缺口圆在旋转流场中的界面变形和还原效果,比较了时间导数离散精度和Level Set函数有无重新初始化对界面追踪效果的影响．最后,通过和其它界面处理方法的比较可以看出,Level Set方法不仅能够比较准确地追踪运动界面,而且无须进行复杂繁琐的界面重构技术,容易编程,具有较大的通用性．     

基于四阶半离散中心迎风格式的虚拟流方法的应用

给出了求解多维无粘可压Euler方程组的四阶半离散中心迎风格式,该格式根据非线性波在网格单元边界上传播的局部速度来更准确地估计局部Riemann的宽度,避免了计算网格的交错,降低了格式的数值粘性。同时,考虑到Level Set函数能隐式地追踪到界面的位置,而虚拟流的构造能隐式地捕捉到界面的边界条件,因此再将新的四阶半离散中心迎风格式与Level Set方法以及虚拟流方法相结合,成功地处理了非反应激波和多介质流中爆轰间断的追踪问题。     

基于舌/上颚微间隙下流体流动行为研究

为探讨口腔环境下流体的流动行为，采用数值方法与流变试验深入研究舌/上颚微间隙下流体流量的影响因素. 建立舌/上颚微间隙的简化模型及Reynolds方程，通过数值方法获取微间隙下流量变化；在DHR-2流变仪上研究非牛顿流体的黏度与剪切率的变化，探讨牛顿流体和非牛顿流体的流量影响. 结果表明:牛顿流体流量平方的倒数同载荷和黏度比值和时间均呈线性函数关系；所制备的非牛顿流体近似为幂律流体，其黏度随脂肪含量的增加而增大，而非牛顿流体流量率先高于后低于等效牛顿流体，其研究结果将为特定人群功能产品的研发提供技术支持.      

Group properties of utt=[F(u)ux]x

The group properties and the associated Lie algebra are developed for the subject quasilinear wave equation, for arbitrary f[fεC²(R), f > 0, f ≠ 0]. From the resulting information sets of explicit invariant solutions are constructed for wave propagation in gases and for the transonic equation.     

Exact solution of the non-linear differential equation RR̈ + 32R2 − AR−4 + B = 0

The non-linear equation $\text{R}\text{R}\text{?}\text{+}\text{3}\text{2}\text{R}{}^2\text{- AR}{}^{\mathrm{?4}}\text{+ B = 0}$ is shown to represent simply periodic motion with a minimum at R₁ and a maximum at R₁R₀ or a maximum at R₁ and a minimum at R₁R₀^?1. R₀ is a function of the ratio $\text{A}\text{B}$ and is greater than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1 and less than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1. The period of the motion satisfies the simple relation T(R₀^?1) = R₀^?1T(R₀). The exact solution to the above equation is represented in terms of elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds and a simple algebraic function.     

惯导／GNSS／罗兰C／航姿系统组合导航方案

为保证飞行器的导航精度及可靠性,采用了惯导/GNSS/罗兰C/航姿系统的组合导航。该组合导航采用开环组合方式,将多系统导航信息在计算机中进行综合,提高导航信息精度。仿真试验结果说明,所设计的组合导航系统是可行的,能满足任务要求。     

Explicit expressions of S(v), H(v) and L(v) for anisotropic elastic materials

The three matrices L(v), S(v) and H(v), appearing frequently in the investigations of the two-dimensional steady state motions of elastic solids, are expressed explicitly in terms of the elastic stiffness for general anisotropic materials. The special cases of monoclinic materials with a plane of symmetry at x₃ = 0, x₁ = 0, and x₂ = 0 are all deduced. Results for orthotropic materials appearing in the literature may be recovered from the present explicit expressions.     

Phase portraits and bifurcations of the non-linear oscillator: ẍ + (α + γx2 + βx + δx3 = 0

The non-linear oscillator ? + αx + γx²x + βx + δx³ = 0 is studied using the methods of differentiable dynamics to obtain qualitative behaviour. The case x, β<0; γ, δ> 0 is considered in some detail; it has physical relevance as a simple model in certain now-induced structural vibration problems in which the structural non-linearities act to maintain overall stability. The presence of local and global bifurcations is detected and their physical significance discussed.     

Rheology/morphology/flow conditions relationships for polymethylmethacrylate/rubber blend

Viscoelastic behavior, phase morphology and flow conditions relationships in polymer/rubber blends have been investigated. The importance of such correlations is illustrated on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/rubber blends subjected to different flow conditions both under small and large deformations. In small-amplitude oscillatory shear (the morphology does not change during the flow) the elastic modulus G of the concentrated blends shows a secondary plateau, G _p , in the low frequency region. This solid-like behavior appears for rubber particle contents beyond the percolation threshold concentration (15%). Morphological observations revealed that for concentrations higher than 15%, the particles are dispersed in a three-dimensional network-type structure.In capillary flow it was found that the network-type structure was destroyed and replaced by an alignment of particles in the flow direction. This morphological modification resulted in a decrease in both viscosity and post-extrusion swell of the blends. Morphological observations revealed that the ordered structure in the flow direction was concentrated only in the skin region of the extrudate, where the shear stress is higher than the secondary plateau, G _p . A simple kinetic mechanism is proposed to explain the observed morphology.Similarly, steady shear measurements performed in the cone-and-plate geometry revealed alignment of particles in the flow direction for shear stress values higher than G_p.Presented in part at the Symposium Recent Developments in Structured Continua Montréal (Canada) 26–28 May 1993 and at the 45th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Quebec, October 15–18 (1995)     

溅射沉积WSx/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的微结构及大气环境摩擦学性能

采用磁控溅射技术在硅基体上交替沉积WS₂、Ni及非晶碳(a-C)层制备出不同Ni层厚度的WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜. 利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪等研究了多层膜的成分及微观结构；通过纳米压痕仪、划痕仪和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机等评价了薄膜的力学及大气环境中的摩擦学性能. 结果表明:随着Ni层厚度的增加，WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的致密度下降，n_s/n_w值(S与W原子百分数之比)由0.84降至0.73，WS_x层以微晶或非晶的形式存在. 多层膜的硬度和磨损率均随Ni层厚度的增加先降低后升高，但摩擦系数由0.22升至0.38，结合力先增大后减小. Ni层厚度为6 nm的多层膜的硬度可达13.4 GPa，抗氧化性能和耐磨性最优，磨损率仅为9.47×10–14 m3/(Nm).      

机翼-机身-挂架-短舱复杂流场数值模拟

本文采用分区搭接网格技术,对机翼/机身/挂架/短舱复杂组合体进行网格分布,通过分析计算网格对结果的影响,探讨了网格的划分.基于Roe的近似黎曼解的方法,采用S-A湍流模型,通过求解N-S方程,对该组合体外流场/发动机短舱内流场进行一体化数值模拟,与相应风洞实验数据进行了比较与分析,取得了与实验数据较为吻合的结果.与无发动机短舱的组合体的气动特性进行比较,分析了短舱对翼身组合体的气动干扰.     

On free energy-based formulations for kinematic hardening and the decomposition F = fpfe

Within the framework of linear plasticity, based on additive decomposition of the linear strain tensor, kinematical hardening can be described by means of extended potentials. The method is elegant and avoids the need for evolution equations. The extension of small strain formulations to the finite strain case, which is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and inelastic parts, proved not straight forward. Specifically, the symmetry of the resulting back stress remained elusive. In this paper, a free energy-based formulation incorporating the effect of kinematic hardening is proposed. The formulation is able to reproduce symmetric expressions for the back stress while incorporating the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. Kinematic hardening is combined with isotropic hardening where an associative flow rule and von Mises yield criterion are applied. It is shown that the symmetry of the back stress is strongly related to its treatment as a truly spatial tensor, where contraction operations are to be conducted using the current metric. The latter depends naturally on the deformation gradient itself. Various numerical examples are presented.     

智能车辆SINS/DGPS/视觉/数字地图组合导航技术

为适应自主驾驶车辆的高精度、高频率与高可靠性的导航要求,提出了一种机器视觉/数字地图/CP-DGPS共同辅助SINS的智能车辆组合导航方法,建立了组合导航系统的滤波模型。该滤波模型的量测信息不仅包括GPS与SINS形成的位置与姿态观测信息,还包括机器视觉/数字地图/SINS形成的横向偏差观测信息。通过对SINS的多重冗余辅助,使得导航系统具备容错能力。仿真结果表明,该组合导航系统能为智能车辆提供其空间位置、速度、加速度与姿态角等众多导航信息,并具有100Hz的高频输出、厘米级的导航精度和容错性能,当GPS较长时间中断时,通过SINS/视觉/数字地图的组合仍能为智能车辆提供可靠的导航数据。