旋转孔径散斑照相法用于动态三维位移的研测

采用两套旋转孔径散斑照相系统对动态三维位移场进行了研制。一次实验可把缓慢连续变形体的动态三维位移场的整个变化过程记录于两张散斑图上，对散斑图进行全场滤波可获取所有各时刻的三个位移分量的信息。     

偏振旋转孔散斑照相法

文提出动态散斑技术中一种新的孔径:偏振旋转孔。在旋转孔径处适当布置偏振片能使衍射晕能量分布均匀,信息存储合理,散斑条纹清晰度提高。偏振转孔法能在一张散斑图上记录下全部动态过程,并连续地再现出来。本文介绍了偏振菱位孔,偏振平移孔,偏振四扇孔,论述了它们的全场分析和逐点分析功能,给出了理论分析和实验证明。     

贴片散斑法及其应用

贴片散斑法将一种可剥离铝箔贴附在试件表面,经随机划痕制栅后,以其精细的光学结构和高度的反射本领,在白光或激光照射下,表面辐射率随机分布函数作为散斑场,采取直接记录手段,用全息底片对此作物体变形前后的两次曝光,所得到的散斑底片将包含宽广的空间频谱范围,且全场分析条纹清晰、灵敏度高、量程调节范围大。此方法不仅适用于各种材料的直接散斑法测量,具有经济、可靠、操作简便的特点,还能应用于平面及可展曲面构件的现场量测。     

提高直接散斑法全场分析条纹图清晰度的技术途径

本文论述了试件表面处理、全息干板的选择及显影方法、全息干板与试件的固定方式、全场分析条纹图的拍摄技术等因素对于提高直接散斑法全场分析条纹图清晰度的影响,指出了提高直接散斑法全场分析条纹图清晰度的技术途径。介绍了采用本文提出的技术途径取得的实验结果,实验值与理论计算曲线符合良好。     

白光散斑法及其应用

本文简述了白光散斑照相的基本原理,介绍了白光散斑法在高速动态小变形测量和钢筋混凝土大构件物变形现场测量中的应用.     

离面客观散斑法

本文提出了一种可同时获得面内位移和离面位移一阶导数的方法——离面客观散斑法,该法具有功能多、装置简单、无需隔振、对刚体位移不敏感等特点。文中论述了此法的基本原理,应用傅里叶光学理论和空间散斑的运动规律推导了计算公式,研制的表面处理技术操作简便,增强条纹反差效果十分明显,实验值与计算结果符合较好。     

电子错位散斑研究

本文从理论上分析了错位散斑实现电子干涉的可行性,推导了摄象机光靶接收的错位散斑的光强表达式,分析了电子干涉条纹的可见度,提出并实现了电子错位散斑技术的三种方法,即实时法,双曝光法和实时时间差法。获得了位移梯度等值条纹的电子干涉图。     

超声散斑数字相关法应用于体面内转动测量的研究

在激光数字散斑相关法测量理论的基础上,阐述了超声散斑相关法测量的基本原理,并建立了相应的超声散斑数字相关实验分析系统。在实验分析时,首先应用模拟测量的方法对刚体面内转动对散斑场相关性的影响进行了分析;然后应用实验测量的方法再对此进行了分析;最后对刚体未知面内转角进行了实测。实验结果表明,刚体面内转动可测量的最大转角为9°,当转动角度为10°时,误差大于9%。实验中分别应用了爬山搜索法和相关系数拟合法来分别搜索整像素的位移和亚像素的位移。     

用曲线大窗口平滑散斑条纹图的方法研究

提出一种计算条纹方向的简单算法,以及通过条纹方向图获得沿条纹方向的曲线窗口并对散斑条纹图进行曲线大窗口滤波的方法．实验表明此方法较好地消除了散斑条纹图的噪声,同时尽量减小了对条纹结构的损害．为从单幅散斑条纹图中应用条纹中心线法或全灰度法进一步提取相位场的后处理,奠定了良好的基础．     

部分相干像面散斑技术

本文以光的部分相干性理论为指导,讨论了部分相干像面散斑(通常称为白光散斑)技术的关键.其结果可与激光像面散斑媲美.     

基于紊流状态的阻尼阀缝隙节流解析计算

提出了一种基于紊流状态的缝隙节流解析计算方法. 运用边界层理论给出紊流状态下流体的三层速度分布表达式,通过积分定理推导出平行平板的缝隙流量解析式,与CFD 软件数值解对比偏差很小,验证了方程的正确性. 以此为基础根据阻尼阀的结构特点又推导出同心环形缝隙的紊流流量公式,并分析不同物性参数对缝隙压差和流量的影响规律,填补了工程设计中没有紊流状态下缝隙节流解析式的空白,为提高阻尼阀的设计精度奠定了基础.     

圆迹合成孔径雷达星载实现的可行性分析

圆迹合成孔径雷达(circular synthetic aperture radar,CSAR)是一种通过传感器平台作360°圆周运动来获得全方位高空间分辨率的聚束合成孔径雷达,本文通过对其星载平台进行动力学分析来研究其星载的可行性.首先以CSAR的工作条件作为约束,建立了星载平台轨道模型.然后以圆迹中心为基点,分析了星载平台的运动状态及受力情况,最终得到形成圆迹平台所需要的主动控制力.研究结果表明:形成圆迹的星载平台,作用在卫星平台上的主动控制力大小、方向是不断改变的,使得CSAR对任意纬度区域的观测很难实现.但对于两极点区域,当星载平台沿圆迹以一定的角速度运行时,主动控制力的大小、方向不变,易于实现控制,有星载实现的可能性.     

孔径尺寸对干涉配合铆接件超高周疲劳性能的影响

合理的干涉配合铆接工艺可以有效提高构件疲劳性能,本文通过试验研究与数值模拟相结合分析孔径尺寸对干涉配合铆接件超高周疲劳性能的影响。利用20kHz超声疲劳试验系统测试了三种不同孔径尺寸下干涉配合铆接件的超高周疲劳性能;基于ABAQUS模拟分析了铆接工艺过程以及孔径尺寸对干涉量和孔边残余应力的影响,通过分析高频低幅加载下孔边应力分布,结合超高周疲劳试验及断口形貌观察,分析了孔径尺寸对铆接件超高周疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:不同孔径尺寸铆接件的裂纹萌生扩展方式类似,疲劳裂纹萌生均发生在孔边距表面1.5mm最大残余拉应力处;适当减小孔径尺寸所形成的合理干涉量可以提高铆接件疲劳寿命,φ4.10mm的孔径可以形成0.66%的孔边平均干涉量,铆接件疲劳寿命最高达到3.63×108周。     

Hydrodynamics of a flexible cylinder under modulated vortex-induced vibrations

Both amplitude modulation and frequency modulation of Vortex-induced Vibration (VIV) are observed in a recent model test of a flexible cylinder under oscillatory flow, but its hydrodynamics has not yet been broached in detail. This paper employs the Forgetting Factor Least Squares (FF-LS) method for identification of time-varying hydrodynamics of a flexible cylinder under modulated VIV. The FF-LS method’s applicability to accurately identify time-varying hydrodynamic coefficients is demonstrated through an elastically mounted rigid cylinder under flow with a given modulated motion. Furthermore, we propose a framework to predict instantaneous amplitude (envelope) and frequency using time-varying hydrodynamic coefficients to establish their analytical relationship. This prediction method is further extended to a highly tensioned flexible cylinder through Fourier series expansion in the spatial domain. By performing the identification procedure for all sampled data of a flexible cylinder undergoing oscillatory flow, we obtain the corresponding time-varying hydrodynamics in the cross-flow direction considering the amplitude and frequency modulation. The results show that, under modulated VIV, hydrodynamic coefficients of the flexible cylinder also show time-varying characteristics. We further investigate differences between identified hydrodynamic coefficients and those obtained from the database of a cylinder with modulated motion under flow. Prediction results using these identified time-varying coefficients reveal that the time-varying excitation coefficients mainly influence the amplitude modulation, and the time-varying added-mass coefficients contain the major information of frequency modulation. These results further suggest including the temporal derivative of the instantaneous amplitude as one determining parameter in building databases to improve the prediction of modulated VIV.     

Non-Newtonian Flow in a Variable Aperture Fracture

The transmissivity of a variable aperture fracture for flow of a non-Newtonian, purely viscous power-law fluid with behavior index n is studied. The natural logarithm of the fracture aperture is considered to be a two-dimensional, spatially homogeneous and correlated Gaussian random field. We derive an equivalent fracture aperture for three flow geometries: (1) flow perpendicular to aperture variation; (2) flow parallel to aperture variation; (3) flow in an isotropic aperture field. Under ergodicity, results are obtained for cases 1 and 2 by discretizing the fracture into elements of equal aperture and assuming that the resistances due to each aperture element are, respectively, in parallel and in series; for case 3, the equivalent aperture is derived as the geometric mean of cases 1 and 2. When n=1 all our expressions for the equivalent aperture reduce to those derived in the past for Newtonian flow and lognormal aperture distribution. As log-aperture variance increases, the equivalent aperture is found to increase for case 1, to decrease for case 2, and to be a function of flow behavior index n for case 3.     

复相材料中第二相的空间分布状况的描述方法综述

对复相材料二维截面中第二相的空间分布状况的多级判别的模式识别方法作了较全面的综述,并对第二相的三维空间分布状况的一些体视学观测研究方法,尤其是近年来发展的新方法作了较为系统的介绍．指出在实际材料微结构设计和性能预测的过程中,应针对所研究的具体的材料特点、具体的机械性能类型以及材料性能力学计算工作的需求来确定恰当的描述尺度,选择合适的描述方法,以确定夹杂物或第二相的空间分布对材料机械性能的定量影响,尤其应注意发挥体视学在其中的重要作用．     

Transport of Neutrally Buoyant and Dense Variably Sized Colloids in a Two-Dimensional Fracture with Anisotropic Aperture

The transport of monodisperse as well as polydisperse colloid suspensions in a two-dimensional, water saturated fracture with spatially variable and anisotropic aperture is investigated with a particle tracking model. Both neutrally buoyant and dense colloid suspensions are considered. Although flow and transport in fractured subsurface formations have been studied extensively by numerous investigators, the transport of dense, polydisperse colloid suspensions in a fracture with spatially variable and anisotropic aperture has not been previously explored. Simulated snapshots and breakthrough curves of ensemble averages of several realizations of a log-normally distributed aperture field show that polydisperse colloids exhibit greater spreading than monodisperse colloids, and dense colloids show greater retardation than neutrally buoyant colloids. Moreover, it is demonstrated that aperture anisotropy oriented along the flow direction substantially increases colloid spreading; whereas, aperture anisotropy oriented transverse to the flow direction retards colloid movement.     

Effects of the Correlation Length on the Hydraulic Parameters of a Fracture Network

We consider the influences of correlation length and aperture variability on the REV, the equivalent permeability of a fracture network, and the uncertainty in the equivalent permeability using a two-dimensional orthogonal bond percolation model. The percolation threshold, correlation length, effective conductivity, and coefficient of variation of the effective conductivity are investigated over statistically representative multiple realizations with Monte Carlo simulations in 2D fracture networks that have log-normally distributed individual fracture permeabilities. We show that although the aperture variability is large, the REV and the correlation length are similar near the percolation threshold. In contrast, when the fracture density is much larger than the percolation threshold they diverge as the aperture variability increases. We characterize the effects of correlation length and aperture variability on effective conductivity with a simple function. From the coefficient of variation analysis, the correlation length can be a criterion for evaluating which conceptual model is appropriate for describing the flow system for a given fracture network when aperture variability is sufficiently small. However, discrete fracture network models are recommended for flow simulation models because of the difficulty of REV estimation and the uncertainty in equivalent hydraulic parameters when aperture variability is large.