光谱法研究杀鼠剂溴鼠灵与环糊精超分子体系及分析应用

利用光谱法研究了β-环糊精与二代抗凝杀鼠剂溴鼠灵的超分子作用,根据Benesi-Hildebrand法确定二者的包络比为1∶1,室温下包络常数为1.048×104 L·mol-1。实验还考察了二者的包络机理,推测主要是溴鼠灵结构中的疏水基团联苯基进入了β-环糊精的疏水空腔。同时发现,超分子包络物的形成可以大大增强溴鼠灵的荧光发射,据此,建立了水溶液中测定溴鼠灵的荧光分析方法。在优化实验条件下,线性范围8.0×10-8～4.0×10-6 mol·L-1(r=0.999 4),检出限为8.8×10-9 mol·L-1,并成功地用于环境水中微量溴鼠灵的测定。     

荧光法测定两种小分子醇与α-萘酚、β-环糊精三元包结物常数

用荧光法研究了甲醇、正丙醇与α-萘酚、β-环糊精的形成,证明三者形成1∶1∶1三元包结物,并用Benes-Hildebrand双倒数法测定了两种包结物各自包结常数分别为1.93mol-1·L和0.88mol-1·L。     

光谱法考察对称四甲基六元瓜环与二氯化-二(2-苯并咪唑)丁烷的分子识别

以对称四甲基六元瓜环为主体,二氯化-二(2,2’-苯并咪唑)丁烷为客体,采用荧光光谱法和紫外吸收光谱法研究了主客体的相互作用。实验结果表明,主体对客体具有较强的包结识别能力,主客体之间可形成1∶1及2∶1的包结配合物,紫外吸收光谱法测得配合物的包结常数为K_(1∶1)=4.79±0.01×104 L·mol-1, K_(2∶1)=8.51±0.01×1010 L2·mol-2; 荧光光谱法测得配合物的包结常数为K_(1∶1)=7.02±0.01×104 L·mol-1, K_(2∶1)=2.88±0.01×1010 L2·mol-2,两种方法结果一致。     

荧光光谱滴定法研究葫芦脲[7]对亚甲基蓝的包结作用

采用荧光光谱滴定法研究了不同温度下及醋酸缓冲溶液中,葫芦脲[7](CB7)对亚甲基蓝(MB)的包结作用。在一定的浓度范围内,体系的荧光强度随着CB7浓度的增大而增强,且荧光峰位有一定的蓝移,结果显示二者形成了1∶1的包结配合物,同时计算了它们的包结稳定常数以及相关热力学常数ΔG,Δh和ΔS,热力学常数数值说明反应是焓变驱动的。此外,利用1H NMR谱图,结合葫芦脲[7]以及客体亚甲基蓝的结构特征,对其包结机理及主客体作用模式进行了探讨。     

紫外-可见光谱研究β-环糊精与β-胡萝卜素的包结作用

用紫外 可见光谱研究了 β 环糊精与 β 胡萝卜素的包结作用 ,结果表明 ,3 2 5个 β 环糊精分子与 1个分子 β 胡萝卜素依据范德瓦尔斯作用力和疏水作用力发生包结作用 ,生成稳定的包结物 ,包结物和 β 环糊精的红外光谱也显示包结物的形成和存在。包结物适宜的制备条件为 :β 环糊精与 β 胡萝卜素的摩尔比为 3 2 5∶1,主客体溶液的浓度比为 12∶1;包结温度 30℃ ;反应时间 2h。用可见 紫外光谱测定的包结物的包结常数为 9 4 6× 10 11L·mol-1,包结物稳定。对包结作用的动力学特性和包结物的分子构像进行了探讨     

光谱法研究七、八元瓜环对亚甲基蓝的分子识别

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱法考察了七、八元瓜环(Q[7],Q[8])对客体亚甲基蓝染料(g)的分子识别作用.结果表明,Q[7]与g作用形成物质的量比为2:1的主客体配合物,Q[8]与g作用形成的是物质的量之比为1:2的主客体配合物.吸收光谱法测得的包结常数分别为KQ[7]-g=1.34×1012 L2·mol-2,KQ[8]-g=5.34×1012 L2·mol-2;荧光光谱法测得的KQ[7]-g=1.53×1012 L2·mol-2,KA[8]-g=6.11×1012 L2·mol-2,两种方法结果一致.随着Q[7或8]浓度的增加,瓜环对客体有明显的荧光增敏作用,而Q[8]对客体有明显的荧光猝灭作用.从Q[7]和Q[8]分别与客体作用体系的紫外-可见吸光度和荧光强度随pH值改变的变化规律可以看出,体系在pH在0.5～13范围内均能观察到主客体的相互作用,且作用比例不发生变化.     

光谱法研究1-萘酚、2-萘酚与瓜环的包结作用

用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱法研究了瓜环与1-萘酚、2-萘酚的相互作用,考察了pH对体系的影响。结果表明,1-萘酚、2-萘酚与六元、七元瓜环都不发生作用,而与八元瓜环发生相互作用,形成物质的量比为1∶1的稳定包结配合物。用荧光法测定1-萘酚、2-萘酚与八元瓜环包结配合物的稳定常数为4.2×104 L·mol-1和1.6×104 L·mol-1,紫外光谱法测定的稳定常数为4.2×104 L·mol-1和5.4×104 L·mol-1;在酸性和中性条件下1-萘酚、2-萘酚与八元瓜环发生包结作用,形成稳定包结物,而在强碱性条件下不发生包结作用。     

羟丙基-β-环糊精/格列吡嗪包结物的制备及其光谱研究

研究了羟丙基-β-环糊精对格列吡嗪的包结作用,考察了包结物的性质。通过相溶解度法确定了羟丙基-β-环糊精与格列吡嗪二者的包结摩尔比和包结稳定常数,采用中和法制备了羟丙基-β-环糊精/格列吡嗪固体包结物,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、差式扫描量热分析、X射线粉末衍射光谱对羟丙基-β-环糊精/格列吡嗪固体包结物进行了表征。结果表明,格列吡嗪与羟丙基-β-环糊精的相溶解度图为典型的A_L型,两者形成了1∶1的可溶性包结物,在25 ℃时包结物平衡常数(K1∶1)为359 L·mol-1。羟丙基-β-环糊精/格列吡嗪包结物的光谱研究结果表明,羟丙基-β-环糊精/格列吡嗪包结物是格列吡嗪以无定形状态分散到羟丙基-β-环糊精中。包结物的水溶性实验结果表明包结后格列吡嗪的溶解度增加了25倍。     

荧光及吸收光谱法研究β-环糊精-硫堇包合物与DNA的相互作用

用荧光及可见光谱方法研究了β-环糊精对硫堇的包合以及β-环糊精-硫堇包合物与DNA的相互作用.在pH 7.2的PBS缓冲液中,β-环糊精以1∶1包合硫堇,包合常数为527 L·mol-1(可见光谱法)、444L·mol-1(荧光法);DNA的引入使环糊精-硫堇包合物的吸收波长红移,吸光峰强度降低;环糊精-硫堇包合物的荧光发生蓝移并有猝灭现象,猝灭常数为6.12×104 L·mol-1.荧光及可见光谱数据表明,环糊精-硫堇包合物以嵌入方式与DNA发生相互作用,其结合比是1∶1.     

光谱法研究葫芦[6]脲与土霉素的分子识别作用

采用荧光光谱和紫外光谱研究葫芦[6]脲(CB[6])与土霉素(OTC)的分子识别作用。实验结果表明,随着主体分子的加入,OTC荧光强度和紫外吸收强度均增强,说明主客体之间发生了相互作用;进一步通过荧光光谱、紫外光谱和直线拟合法(Benesi-Hildebrand)确定了CB[6]与OTC形成1∶1型的包结物;在酸性环境下CB[6]与OTC能形成1∶1型的稳定的包结物,在碱性环境下不能形成稳定的包结物;同时计算了主客体在298,308和328 K下包结的平衡常数K_s和CB[6]与OTC的分子识别过程的熵变、焓变和吉布斯自由能变。不同温度下的吉布斯自由能变ΔG均小于0,而熵变和焓变为正值,其包结过程是疏水作用力驱动且自发的吸热的过程。     

瓜环与喹啉及其衍生物的相互作用

利用荧光光谱分析方法考察六、七及八元瓜环与喹啉、异喹啉、7-甲基喹啉相互作用的结构特征以及光学特性。与核磁共振技术比较,荧光光谱分析方法具有高灵敏性的特点,不仅可观察到喹啉及其衍生物与七元瓜环相互作用而引起的荧光性质变化;还能观察到它们与六元瓜环或八元瓜环相互作用所产生的变化,这是通常的NMR方法所不能实现的。实验表明喹啉、异喹啉、7-甲基喹啉与六、七及八元瓜环有包结作用,形成多种不同包结比的稳定包结配合物。实验也证实,瓜环与客体之间相互作用受到3种效应的协同影响:(1)疏水性的笼体效应(瓜环以其特殊的疏水性笼状结构,可与多种有机物发生疏水性的笼体作用);(2)亲水性的端口效应(瓜环端口环绕的羰基氧通过离子-偶极相互作用来键合金属离子或有机分子的带电部分);(3)相互作用的客体分子或瓜环笼体空间大小,即尺寸效应。     

瓜环[n](n=7,8)与盐酸法舒地尔的相互作用研究

分别以NMR技术、电喷雾质谱、紫外光谱和红外光谱等分析方法考察了瓜环[n](n=7, 8)与盐酸法舒地尔的相互作用. 实验结果显示, 盐酸法舒地尔与两种瓜环都形成了1∶1的包结配合物, 但其主客体配合物的作用模式随着瓜环空腔大小的不同而各不相同. 通过紫外吸收光谱法计算出瓜环[n](n=7, 8)与盐酸法舒地尔的包结常数分别为2 524 L/mol, 1 216 L/mol, 其范围在200 L/mol~10 000 L/mol之内,这说明瓜环对盐酸法舒地尔具有潜在的药物缓释作用.     

瓜环与咪唑[4,5,f]-1,10-菲咯啉衍生物相互作用模式的测试

以合成的三种的咪唑[4,5,f]-1,10-菲咯啉衍生物为客体,以瓜环(cucurbit[n]uriln=6～8)为主体,利用1H NMR技术,荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱方法,测试了主客体相互作用形式、形成包结物的结构特征及其光学性质,三种方法得到的结果相同.研究表明,六元瓜环(Q[6])仅能与2-(4-甲基苯基)-咪唑-[4,5,f]菲咯啉(W1)盐酸盐相互作用(包结比为1:1);七元瓜环(Q[7])与三种客体2-(4-甲基苯基)-咪唑-[4,5,f]菲咯啉,2-(2-甲基苯基)-咪唑-[4,5,f]菲咯啉(W2)以及2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-咪唑-[4,5,f]菲咯啉(W3)的盐酸盐均以1:1的物质的量比发生相互作用;而八元瓜环(Q[8])除与W1形成的是1:2的包结物外,与另外两种客体W2,W3也是形成1:1的包结配合物.     

The Time-Resolved Fluorescence Stokes Shift of Cucurbit[6]Uril Complexes with a Pyridinium Styryl Dye

The time-resolved Stokes shift of fluorescence of styryl dye, trans-4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide (DASPI), and its host-guest complexes with cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) was studied by up-conversion technique on a 5 ps time scale. In all cases, the solvation time correlation function – that describes relaxation of the fluorescent state - contains two components. The time constant of the first component, which is related to the vibrational relaxation of the dye cation, increases from 118 fs without CB[6] to 224 fs in the presence CB[6]. It suggests the production of CB[6] complexes to disturb the hydrogen-bond net in the vicinity of DASPI cation. The time constant of the second component, which is associated with solvation, changes from 0.81 ps without CB[6] to 1.15 ps in the presence of the cavitand. The observed increase can be related to the displacement of the dye cation deeper into CB[6] that allows considering DASPI-CB[6] complexes as a light-controlled molecular machine with a response time on the picosecond scale.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cis</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis> Fluorescent Recognition by Naphthalimide Dyes ⊂ CB [7] Assembly

A novel method to recognize cis/trans isomers was studied here. The naphthalimide dye as guest could bind with host cucurbit [7]uril (CB [7]) and 1:1 naphthalimide dye ? CB [7] assembly was formed. Moreover, this assembly was used as a fluorescent probe to recognized Fumaric acid (FA) and maleic acid (MA) via fluorescence titration. Two carboxyls in MA are in the same side, they could form stable interaction with the assembly and the fluorescence intensity decreased obviously when naphthalimide dye ? CB [7] was titrated by MA (nearly quenched in 1.5 equiv). But two carboxyls in FA are in opposite sides, the interaction between FA and the assembly was weak and not stable, and the fluorescence intensity changed inconspicuously when the assembly was titrated by FA.     

Anchoring of Fluorophores to Plasma-chemically Modified Polymer Surfaces and the Effect of Cucurbit[6]uril on Dye Emission

Polypropylene supports were functionalized by plasma-deposition of polymeric allylamine layers. The surface amino groups generated were wet-chemically reacted with xanthene dyes resulting in fluorescent polymer films. The effect of polymer-attachment of the dyes on their emission features was studied fluorometrically and different methods were tested to improve the fluorescence properties of the films. Modification with cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) yields a moderately enhanced fluorescence as well as an improved photostability. The observed effect is most likely due to CB6-induced rigidization of the linker molecules which seems to reduce fluorescence quenching dye–dye and fluorophore–surface interactions.     

Fluorescence Enhancement of Carbendazim Fungicide in Cucurbit[6]uril

The potential increase in fluorescence of a benzimidazole-type fungicide (carbendazim) due to complexation with cucurbit[6]uril is reported. The fluorescence of the probe carbendazim in aqueous Na₂SO₄ solution (pH=7.61) at room temperature is found to increase by a maximum factor of ∼10.0 and blue-shifted up to ∼11±1 nm with the increase in cucurbit[6]uril concentration up to ∼5 mM. This fluorescence enhancement is the result of formation of a 1:1 guest-host inclusion complex, in which the guest carbendazim is incorporated inside the hydrophobic cavity of the host curbit[6]uril through the amido-ester part. Such mode of inclusion is supported by NMR spectral measurements, in which upon encapsulation, the resonance of the methyl-protons of the amido-ester moiety is shifted significantly to upfield in the ¹H NMR spectrum. Also, to assess the formation of inclusion complex, solid samples prepared by co-evaporation have been studied, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Measurement of the enhancement as a function of cucurbit[6]uril concentrations yielded a value of the equilibrium constant (K _a ) of 271±10 M⁻¹ at 25°C. From the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants, ΔH and ΔS values have been negative in sign, indicating the dipole-dipole interactions and the steric factors associated with the formation of this inclusion complex. It might be proposed that the spectral changes due to the inclusion of carbendazim are the result of decrease in the polarity of the surrounded media rather than the loss of carbendazim rotational mobility.