直拉法生长的LiNbO_3单晶体中的生长条纹和铁电畴组态间的对应关系

对应于旋转条纹和功率条纹,观测到晶体中铁电畴组态的相应变化,确定了旋转条纹与铁电畴组态间的一一对应关系,利用扫描电子显微镜中的X射线能谱分析测定了旋转条纹中的溶质浓度分布,得到了溶质浓度梯度决定了铁电畴组态的结论,自发极化与溶质浓度梯度间的耦合首次得到了实验证实。     

直拉法LiNbO_3单晶体中的旋转生长条纹

使晶体转轴与温场对称轴不一致,则在晶体弯月面内会产生随时间变化的正弦波式的温度分布。建立了晶体转速、温度起伏、表面生长条纹和内部生长条纹间的一一对应关系,从而在晶体中有意识地引入了其周期可以任意调节的旋转生长条纹。     

直拉法LiNbO3单晶体中的旋转生长条纹

使晶体转轴与温场对称轴不一致,则在晶体弯月面内会产生随时间变化的正弦波式的温度分布。建立了晶体转速、温度起伏、表面生长条纹和内部生长条纹间的一一对应关系,从而在晶体中有意识地引入了其周期可以任意调节的旋转生长条纹。 关键词：     

垂直Bridgman多组元化合物晶体生长热质对流

在垂直Bridgman晶体生长装置中,熔体的热质对流是由于温度梯度和浓度梯度间的相互作用引起的,而温度梯度和浓度梯度由晶体热物性和生长炉结构所决定.由于温度梯度和浓度梯度的耦合作用,坩埚中熔体的流动结构形式多样,由流动引起的溶质分布也呈多种形式.本文以GeSi多组元化合物半导体晶体为对象,数值研究了垂直Bridgman晶体生长过程中的热质对流现象,分析了热Rayleigh数、GeSi晶体热物性,生长炉结构对热质对流和径向溶质分凝的影响规律.结果表明:在垂直Bridgman装置中,熔体的热质对流是由于生长炉热边界条件的不连续性和晶体熔-固两相热物性不匹配引起的;随着熔体流动强度的增加,径向溶质分凝出现两个极小点,所以单纯地抑制或加强熔体对流强度并不一定能改善径向溶质分凝现象.     

电流调制法制备聚片多畴LiNbO_3晶体

当用直拉法生长掺杂的LiNbO_3单晶体时,使一脉冲电流通过固液界面,观察到晶体中铁电畴组态的变化.测定了调制电流与正、负交替铁电畴组态的一一对应关系.用这种新方法,可以制备大面积的、具有一维周期层状铁电畴结构的LiNbO_3晶体.     

旋转环形浅液池内双组分溶液耦合热-溶质毛细对流渐近解

为了了解水平温度梯度作用下旋转环形浅液池内耦合热-溶质毛细对流基本特征, 采用匹配渐近展开法对旋转环形浅液池内耦合热-溶质毛细对流过程进行了求解, 获得了中心区域的速度、温度和浓度分布,分析了旋转、Soret效应、浮力、溶质扩散 系数和液池的几何尺寸对流动结构的影响.将所得到的渐近解和文献中的已有结果进行对比,证明了所求结果的正确性;在浅液池内,耦合热-溶质毛细力对流体流动起主导作用, 旋转和浮力对流动的影响较小,溶质扩散系数和几何尺寸有较明显影响;当各种耦合的 驱动力作用方向相同时,流动增强;否则, 流动减弱. 关键词： 旋转 环形浅液池 耦合热-溶质毛细对流 渐近解     

旋转液体反射抛物面镜

利用光学Mach-Zehnder干涉仪对旋转液体产生的轴对称抛物面的光学反射性能进行了研究.液体抛物面反射镜作为干涉仪的一个反射镜产生的球面波与另一条光路中的平面波干涉形成同心圆的干涉条纹,利用CCD相机采集干涉条纹图像,通过计算机图像处理程序得到旋转液体反射波面的形貌,实现对液体反射镜表面形状的分析.光学干涉技术的高精度特点保证了测量的准确性.     

相场法模拟多元合金过冷熔体中的枝晶生长

在二元合金相场模型研究的基础上，进行扩展获得了多元合金相场模型.以Al-Si-Mg三元合金为例，采用该相场模型实现了逼真地模拟多元合金凝固过程的等轴枝晶生长，得到了二次或更高次晶臂生长等复杂的枝晶形貌.随着第三组元Mg含量的减少，枝晶的二次枝晶越发达，枝晶中溶质的偏析越严重，枝晶尖端的生长速率和半径越大，与丁二腈-丙酮体系中枝晶尖端生长速率、半径随溶质浓度变化关系的理论计算和实验结果相符合.另外，枝晶初生晶臂中心的溶质浓度最低，在被二次晶臂包围的界面区域的溶质浓度最高；固液界面区域具有较大的浓度梯度，其中枝晶尖端前沿的梯度最大. 关键词： 相场法 多元合金 凝固过程 枝晶生长     

元胞自动机方法模拟枝晶生长

为了能够准确反映具有明显界面的枝晶生长过程，利用元胞自动机方法模拟了凝固过程中固液两相具有不同热物理性质的枝晶生长.在模拟过程中发现，凝固过程中溶质易于富集在枝晶臂之间，同时随着凝固时间的延长，界面前沿的溶质浓度梯度和温度梯度逐渐下降.利用模拟所得的枝晶尖端半径与理论计算的相比较，发现随着枝晶尖端速度的增加，枝晶尖端半径逐渐下降，模拟与理论结果符合较好，偏差小于1μm. 关键词： 枝晶生长 凝固 偏析 模拟     

单相合金凝固过程时间相关的界面稳定性(I)理论分析

对定向凝固界面前沿非稳态溶质扩散场进行了系统的对比分析，发现无论在纯扩散还是存在对流的情况下，界面前沿的溶质扩散场通常满足指数分布的形式，可以采用一个统一的公式来描述界面前沿的瞬态溶质扩散场.进而在此基础上，对定向凝固界面形态稳定性进行了统一的时间相关的非稳态分析，发现界面临界稳定性条件的数学描述形式与Mullins和Seker ka理论给出的稳态解完全一致, 只是用时间相关的浓度梯度GtC、界面速度Vi、溶质扩散长度l代替了稳态生长中所得到的GC,V，DL/V.     

Superdomain structure and high conductivity at the vertices in the (111)-oriented epitaxial tetragonal Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin film

Recently, in ferroelectric materials, there have been many experimental efforts to find out more intriguing topological objects and their functionalities, such as conduction property. Here we investigated ferroelectric domain structures and related topological defects in the (111)-oriented epitaxial tetragonal PbZr_0.35Ti_0.65O₃ thin film. Systematic piezoresponse force microscopy measurements revealed that the field-induced polarization switching can form thermodynamically stable superdomain structures composed of nano-sized stripe subdomains. Within such superdomain structures, we observed the exotic equilateral triangular in-plane flux-closure domains composed of three stripe domain bundles with 120/120/120 degrees of separation. The conductive-atomic force microscopy measurements under vacuum showed that some vertices have significantly higher conductivity compared to other surrounding regions. This work highlights electric field-driven polarization switching and unique crystallographic symmetry (here, three-fold rotational symmetry) can generate exotic ferroelectric domain structures and functional topological defects, such as conductive vertices.     

Evolution of defect signatures at ferroelectric domain walls in Mg‐doped LiNbO3

The domain structure of uniaxial ferroelectric lithium niobate single crystals is investigated using Raman spectroscopy mapping. The influence of doping with magnesium and poling at room temperature is studied by analysing frequency shifts at domain walls and their variations with dopant concentration and annealing conditions. It is shown that defects are stabilized at domain walls and that changes in the defect structures with Mg concentration can be probed by the shift of Raman modes. We show that the signatures of polar defects in the bulk and at the domain walls differ. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

BiFeO3电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用广义梯度近似下的密度泛函理论计算了铁电相BiFeO3以及顺电相BiFeO3的轨道占据数、电子云重叠布居数、净电荷分布和态密度.结果表明,BiFeO3晶体现铁电性的主要原因是:Fe原子的3d轨道和O原子的2p轨道杂化.而且由于两相晶体结构上的差异,铁电相BiFeO3原子间的共价性和离子性相对顺电相BiFeO3增强了,态密度图在价带区基本相同,但是在导带区具有一定的差异性.     

Narrow Waveguide Based on Ferroelectric Domain Wall

Ferroelectric materials are spontaneous symmetry breaking systems that are characterized by ordered electric polarizations.Similar to its ferromagnetic counterpart,a ferroelectric domain wall can be regarded as a soft interface separating two different ferroelectric domains.Here we show that two bound state excitations of electric polarization(polar wave),or the vibration and breathing modes,can be hosted and propagate within the ferroelectric domain wall.In particular,the vibration polar wave has zero frequency gap,thus is constricted deeply inside ferroelectric domain wall,and can even propagate in the presence of local pinnings.The ferroelectric domain wall waveguide as demonstrated here offers a new paradigm in developing ferroelectric information processing units.     

Periodic domain structure in Czochralski-grown LiNbO3: Y crystals

A study is reported of the correlation between the impurity distribution and the ferroelectric domain structure in a periodically polarized LiNbO₃: Y crystal grown by the Czochralski method. The domain walls forming near the impurity concentration modulation extrema are shown to be shifted by the temperature gradient below the Curie point. A new positive domain was observed to form near the trace of an electron beam scanning the $\{ 01\bar 10\} $ crystal surface in the course of x-ray microprobe analysis.     

Processes of the relaxation of regular microdomain structures recorded in ferroelectric strontium-barium niobate crystals in the field of an atomic force microscope

The kinetics of the relaxation of regular one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) microdomain structures created in a relaxor strontium-barium niobate ferroelectric by applying dc voltages to the probe of an atomic force microscope has been investigated. The dependence of the relaxation time of the domain structures on their topology has been revealed. Under identical recording conditions, the relaxation times of the 2D structures (domain squares) are several orders of magnitude larger than the relaxation times of the 1D structures (domain lines or chains), which are in turn several orders of magnitude more stable than individual (spatially separated) domains. The dependence of the stability of the recorded domain ensembles on the discreteness (distance between the recorded point domains) has been analyzed. The effects are discussed taking into account the specificity of the polarization processes in the relaxor ferroelectric.     

On the thickness of domain walls in ferroelectrics and ferroelastics

Ferroelastic and ferroelectric domain walls are commonly described by wall profiles of the tanh(x/w)-type. We argue that this profile is still a good approximation if higher-order gradient energies are considered. Such energies are relevant for phase transitions close to structural incommensurations and also for phase transitions with dominant elastic interactions. Their effect on the wall profile is to influence the effective wall thickness. Positive gradient energies tend to widen domain walls beyond the values predicted in classic Landau-Ginzburg theory.     

Effective Pyroelectric Coefficient and Polarization Offset of Compositionally Step-like Graded Ferroelectric Structures

In this paper, the effective pyroelectric coefficient and polarization offset of the compositionally step-like graded multilayer ferroelectric structures have been studied by use of the first-principles approach. It is exhibited that the dielectric gradient has a nontrivial influence on the effective pyroelectric coefficient, but has a little influence on the polarization offset; and the polarization gradient plays an important role in the abnormal hysteresis loop phenomenon of the compositionally step-like graded ferroelectric structures. Moreover, the origin of the polarization offset is explored, which can be attributed to the polarization gradient in the compositionally step-like graded structure.     

Observation of Ferroelastic and Ferroelectric Domains in AgNbO_3 Single Crystal

Compared to AgNbO_3 based ceramics, the experimental investigations on the single crystalline AgNbO_3, especially the ground state and ferroic domain structures, are not on the same level. Here, based on successfully synthesized AgNbO_3 single crystal using a flux method, we observed the coexistence of ferroelastic and ferroelectric domain structures by a combination study of polarized light microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy.This finding may provide a new aspect for studying AgNbO_3. The result also suggests a weak electromechanical response from the ferroelectric phase of AgNbO_3, which is also supported by the transmission electron microscope characterization. Our results reveal that the AgNbO_3 single crystal is in a polar ferroelectric phase at room temperature, clarifying its ground state which is controversial from the AgNbO_3 ceramic materials.