基于双频彩色条纹投影的相位测量去包裹方法

为了提高测量速度,提出一种基于双频彩色条纹投影的相位测量去包裹方法,只需采集一帧图像,就能实现高速测量以及动态物体轮廓测量中的相位去包裹。论述了双频相位测量和变精度去包裹原理,并详细分析影响测量精度的因素。该方法采用计算机生成一帧双频双色正弦条纹图,用液晶数字投影仪投影,并用傅里叶变换的方法对两个单色条纹图进行分析,获得高低两种精度的被测物体高度信息,从而进行变精度去包裹处理。结果表明,利用该方法提高了测量速度,可得到较高的去包裹精度,其测量最大绝对误差为 1．413～-1．582 mm,标准差为0．363 mm。     

基于正弦条纹投影的三维传感及其去包裹处理

采用液晶显示（LCD）投影仪产生的正弦条纹,用四步相移技术对物体进行了三维形貌测量,重点讨论了去包裹问题,对大面积相位间断区的模板标识及含离散相位间断点条纹图的去包裹总是提出了新的处理方法,给出了实际测量及计算结果。     

基于经验模式分解的三频彩色条纹投影轮廓术

为实现动态物体的实时三维测量,提出了一种基于经验模式分解的三频彩色条纹投影轮廓术。将低、中、高三种频率的正弦条纹分别经投影仪红(R),绿(G),蓝(B)通道同时投影至被测物面,CCD在另一角度拍摄变形条纹图。将变形条纹图R、G、B三分量互减消减背景干扰,用经验模式分解进行颜色解耦,分离各载频项,进而以傅里叶变换解调相位。以变精度去包裹算法按低、中、高频依次完成包裹相位展开,得到高频载频项的展开相位。计算机模拟时相位解调的标准差小于0.0417rad,具有较高的测量精度;对比实验和面部表情变化实验进一步说明了方法的可靠性。该方法在单次拍摄下实现了相位的解调及高精度相位的精确展开,为动态物体的高精度轮廓测量提供了有效的手段。     

基于几何约束的自适应相位解包裹算法

提出一种通过相机和投影仪的空间几何约束来展开相位包裹的方法,只需要对结构光投影测量系统进行标定,不需要进行传统的时间或空间相位展开.通过投影单周期条纹得到物体的大致高度信息以确定虚拟深度平面,在虚拟平面z0min处,根据结构光系统的标定参数创建最小绝对相位图,物体的包裹相位逐像素与进行比较,即确定条纹级数,实现相位解包裹.该方法具有良好的鲁棒性,对硬件要求低,采集图像少并且不需要额外的物体来获得z0min,能够实现自适应动态测量.实验结果表明,在同等条件下,与传统时间相位展开方法相比,该方法的相对误差降低了14.33%,同时简化了测量方法,能够有效实现物体的三维形貌测量.     

数字散斑相位图去包裹新算法

提出了一种新的数字散斑相位图去包裹算法,主要针对检测对象为复杂非连续物体这一情况。物体在激光照明下,采用光学相位反相相减图像的方法来检测并标识出相位间断区,并利用改进了的行列去包裹算法。使去包裹过程只在相位有效区域进行,从而准确快速地实现全场有效区域的相位去包裹。与已提出的相位去包裹方法相比,该算法具有计算量小,速度快,并能有效地避开大面积的相位间断区的优点,该方法使数字散斑技术可以方便地应用于工程实际中如对复杂非连续构件的变形、振动等方面的定量分析。     

一种从粗到精逐步细化的变尺度光栅投影测量方法

传统的光栅投影法依靠相移法进行测量,对绝对相位的计算需要应用解包裹算法完成。由于解包裹算法要求空间相位具有连续性,因此不适合高度变化显著的物体的测量。针对该问题,提出一种多尺度条纹投影测量的方法,直接获取高密度条纹投影的绝对相位。通过对高密度64周期条纹扫描投影测量相位的二次拟合曲线的实验处理,在绝对相位 [-201,201]的变化范围内,拟合标准差达到0.096 63 rad的精度。     

用双光收缩式径向剪切干涉仪测量气体温度场

为了适应大测试区的相位物体的测试研究和控制光学系统的成本,设计出双光收缩式径向剪切干涉光学系统。通过实验得到干涉条纹,用CCD摄入计算机,经Matlab编制傅里叶变换、相位去包裹和其他数值计算程序,解调干涉条纹的相位,计算出温度扰动产生的波面畸变量,它等于折射率变化引起的相位偏移值,用轴对称气体温度场重建方法,再现了气体温度场一个层面上的温度分布。实验结果与铜一康铜微型热电偶单点测温相比较,两者相差不大。实验表明该系统具有较高的精度和测试灵敏度,适于环境温差较小的相位物体热物理量的测量。     

用于三维测量的快速相位解包裹算法

减少条纹投影轮廓术的条纹图数量一直是本领域的研究热点。传统的时间相位解包裹算法,一般需要额外的条纹信息来确定条纹级次,导致条纹图数量过多。提出一种用于三维测量的快速相位解包裹算法,只需要N步标准相移正弦条纹图,就可以完成绝对相位的计算。首先,利用标准相移算法计算包裹相位和消除背景的掩膜;然后,直接利用包裹相位和掩膜,根据连通域标记算法计算条纹级次,进而求得绝对相位。该方法最少只需3幅条纹图,就可以完成三维测量,数据处理速度快。计算机仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

相位编码条纹投影轮廓术的相位展开误差校正方法

相位编码法是条纹投影技术中常用的一种相位展开方法。然而，受到随机噪声、图像采样、系统离焦等因素的影响，条纹阶次与包裹相位的对应关系容易被破坏，从而引入相位展开误差。根据相位展开误差的分布特点，提出一种附加二值条纹的相位展开误差校正方法。引入的二值条纹与相位编码条纹的码字存在半周期错位，使得计算出的2组条纹阶次值具有互补性，利用两者的互补性可以有效地消除相位展开误差。仿真和真实实验均表明，该方法能够准确地恢复出被测物体的绝对相位，具有较高的可靠性。     

利用电子散斑相移技术测量物体三维面形的方法

为了获得准确的面形测量,提出了一种相移电子散斑干涉技术测量物体面形的测量方法.利用电子散斑干涉产生载波条纹,该载波条纹受到物体表面高度的调制变得弯曲,引起载波条纹相位的变化,可运用相移技术提取物体的相位信息,最后根据高度和相位之间的关系得到物体的面形.介绍了该方法的原理,利用该方法对球冠物体进行了面形测量,证明该方法测量物体面形是可行性的.由于是采用散斑干涉的方法产生干涉条纹,因此该方法测量物体面形具有灵敏度高的优点.     

A fast,accurate phase unwrapping method for wavelet-transform profilometry

A novel phase unwrapping method used in wavelet-transform profilometry is presented to improve the accuracy and speed of the unwrapping process. The wrapped phase of the fringe image is extracted by using wavelet transform. How to establish quality map using scale factor at wavelet ridge is discussed firstly. The proposed method can reflect the reliability of the pixels in fringe image effectively. As the consuming time of traditional flood-fill phase unwrapping algorithm is too long, an improved quality-guided method is used in phase unwrapping process. We divide the wrapped phase map into two levels following the established quality map, and process these two levels using different algorithms. Compared with the traditional flood-fill algorithm, we can get the accurate result while the consuming time of the phase unwrapping process is much less by using the proposed method. Simulation and experiment results verify that the 3D information of the measured object can be obtained rapidly and accurately by using the proposed method. Also the dynamic object can be measured too.     

Phase-unwrapping algorithm for the measurement of 3D object

The phase unwrapping is a significant and difficult procedure for profilometry based on fringe. A new algorithm based on coded phase is proposed in this paper. It identifies the order of the fringe by projecting fringes with coded phase onto the object and performs fast phase unwrapping. The computer simulation and the experiment are presented to prove the feasibility and validity of the new algorithm.     

利用颜色编码辅助计算绝对相位的傅里叶轮廓术

针对传统去卷积算法时间需求的弊端,提出一种新的使用颜色编码辅助的绝对相位并行计算方法。该算法采用对光栅数目需求最少的傅里叶变换轮廓术（FTP）做为卷积相位求取的方法;颜色编码光栅被用来标识轮廓的序数。直接使用FTP计算出的卷积相位以及从彩色光栅中获得的轮廓序数,即可方便求出当前像素的绝对相位值;同时只用一副图像标识轮廓序数也比其他轮廓序数标识方法简单。本方法由于使用绝对相位计算方法,局部相位误差不会扩展。实验结果也证明了此算法对于多个分离物体以及复杂物体的有效性。     

相位解码的时-空重建算法

基于相位映射的三维传感技术对几何形状和拓扑结构复杂或表面梯度很大的物体进行绝对相位测量及相位重建仍然是一个困难的问题。近年来国际上提出了一种时间维度相位重建算法可以对此提供一种解决方案。然而,该算法对结构光照明系统提出了很高的要求,当系统无法满足算法要求时,重建结果存在严重的噪声。针对这一问题,提出了一种利用分段函数构造的相位解码的时空重建算法。该算法在相位重建过程中同时考虑时间维度和空间维度相位的相对关系,使得空间频率非严格按指数增长的条纹序列可以得到正确的重建,消除了跳变边界的相位模糊问题,从而可以更加有效地解决深度表面不连续和存在相互孤立物表面拓扑结构的景物相位重建问题。实验结果证明了此算法的可行性和有效性。     

Realization of Absolute‐Phase Unwrapping and Speckle Suppression in Laser Digital Holography

In this paper, an absolute‐phase unwrapping and speckle suppression approach to reconstruct a three‐dimensional (3‐D) image of an object with laser digital holography is described. This method offers three advantages to enhance the performance of the phase reconstruction technique. First, both speckle suppression and phase unwrapping are processed in the complex amplitude domain rather than in the single phase or amplitude domain. With this approach, the phase details of the object are better preserved upon phase reconstruction. Second, the proposed algorithm requires no threshold determination and thus achieves self‐adaptive speckle suppression and robust phase unwrapping, in contrast to other methods. Finally, an improved dual‐domain image denoising method is applied to further remove speckle‐remnant‐induced phase distortion. Ideal 3‐D phase reconstruction results are obtained both theoretically and experimentally for the first time.     

Complex-amplitude-based phase unwrapping method for digital holographic microscopy

A complex-amplitude-based phase unwrapping approach for digital holographic microscopy is proposed in this paper. A quality map is derived directly from the reconstructed complex amplitude distribution of object wave to evaluate noise influence and phase reliability in the wrapped phase image. Quality-guided phase unwrapping algorithm is then implemented with the quality map to retrieve continuous phase profile. Unwrapping errors caused by unreliable phase data are successfully suppressed. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated with simulation and experimental results.     

Comparison of eight unwrapping algorithms applied to Fourier-transform profilometry

Phase unwrapping is a task common to many applications like interferometry imaging, medical magnetic resonance imaging, solid-state physics, etc. Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) values the height distribution of object, elaborating the interference between a plane reference grating and a deformed object grating. Since the height information is extracted from the phase of a complex function, the phase unwrapping is a critical step of the process. Several unwrapping algorithms are proposed in literature, but applied to measurement technologies different from FTP. The purpose of this paper is to define the performances of eight different unwrapping algorithms applied to FTP optical scan method and to define the best one. The algorithms chosen are: Goldstein's algorithm, quality guided path following method, Mask cut method, Flynn's method, multi-grid method, weighted multi-grid method, preconditioned conjugate gradient method and minimum L_p-norm method. The methods were tested on real images acquired by a FTP scanner developed and calibrated for these experiments. The objects used vary from simple geometries, like planes and cylinders, to complex shapes of common use objects. Algorithms were qualified considering the phase unwrapping errors, execution time and accuracy of the shape of objects obtained from the scan method in comparison with real ones. The results show that quality guided algorithm best fits in FTP application.     

A generalized temporal phase unwrapping algorithm for three-dimensional profilometry

A generalized temporal phase unwrapping algorithm is proposed for absolute phase measurement of object surfaces with complex topography. We first make comments on error analysis of various temporal phase unwrapping (TPU) algorithms and point out problems existing in these techniques. We present a generalized TPU algorithm (GTPU), which eliminates some limitations imposed on the fringe sequence for the classical TPU algorithms. So the desired number of fringes can be determined according to practical situation, leading to a flexible method for phase reconstruction. In addition, compared with the classical TPU algorithms, GTPU has better noise immunity and less computational complexity. Theoretical analysis and experiment results are presented to show the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

Iterative two-step temporal phase-unwrapping applied to high sensitivity three-dimensional profilometry

Although temporal phase unwrapping method can be applied to solve some problems to measure an object with steep shapes, isolated parts or fringe undersampling in three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement, it needs to acquire and process a sequence of fringe pattern images which would take much time. Servin et al. proposed a 2-step temporal phase unwrapping algorithm, which only needs the 2 extreme phase-maps to achieve exactly the same results as standard temporal unwrapping method. But this method is only validated by computer simulation, shortage of experimental demonstration, its sensitivity coefficient G is limited, and it cannot be used when the G value is larger. We proposed an iterative two-step temporal phase-unwrapping algorithm which is an extension of Servin׳s method. First, add a fringe pattern with an intermediate sensitivity, project the fringe patterns of different sensitivity onto the tested object’s surface, and collect deformed fringe patterns with a CCD camera. Then we obtain the unwrapped phase with larger sensitivity coefficient G by cascading the sensitivity coefficients. And we derive the initial phase conditions of the 2-step temporal phase unwrapping algorithm. Finally, the experimental evaluation is conducted to prove the validity of the proposed method. The results are analyzed and compared with Servin׳s method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher sensitivity and more accurate measurement, and it can overcome the main disadvantages encountered by Servin׳s method.     

Fringe contrast-based 3D profilometry using fringe projection

Quality-guided algorithm is a widely used method in phase unwrapping. This paper shows an accurate quality map based on fringe contrast for 3D shape measurement. Phase-shifted fringe patterns are projected onto an object surface by a programmable liquid crystal projector and recorded by a CCD camera. A wrapped phase map and a fringe contrast map are extracted from the deformed fringe patterns by the phase-shifting technique. Guided by the contrast map, the quality-guided unwrapping algorithm minimizes unwanted shadow and non-uniform surface reflectance effects and is able to retrieve a correct surface profile. Validity of the proposed method is tested on a fish model and a cutting tool specimen.