伏安法测电阻中RA,RV影响的消除方法

用伏安法测电阻,通常采用图1所示的两种线路。不论采用哪种线路,由于电表本身具有一定的内阻,直接用欧姆定律R=U/I来计算被测电阻值,都会引起方法上的误差,使其测量结果总是偏大或偏小。如果把测量线路改接成桥式补偿电路,就可以通过平衡补偿法来消除R_A、R_V的影响,达     

差值法测电阻实验设计一例

伏安法测电阻是高中电学的一个重要实验，也是欧姆定律的一个实际应用．在传统的两种接线方法中，由于电流表和电压表接人电路时，不可视为理想情形(RA=0，Rv=∞)，从而改变了电路的结构，因而不能同时准确测出Rx两端电压及流过的电流，不可避免地出现系统误差．在此，笔者设计一种新的测量电路，来消除系统误差，对伏安法测电阻的实验做些改进．     

二次伏安法测电阻

伏安法测电阻是利用欧姆定律的原理测量电阻,是物理学中一个重要的实验,但由于电流表的分压作用和电压表的分流作用,往往会产生较大的系统误差,如果电路方式(安培表内置法或安培表外置法)选择不适当,系统误差更大,这样,实验效果不明显.而二次伏安法测电阻,克服了前者的缺点,我们不必选择电路方式,就能使系统误差大大减少.其实验原理及其误差分析如下:     

正交试验设计法在物理实验方案选择中的应用

介绍了伏安内接法测电阻、电流补偿法测电阻、电压补偿法测电阻的原理,并说明了什么是正交试验设计法,而且以这三种测电阻方法为例详细介绍了正交试验设计法在大学物理实验方案选择中的应用。     

电桥伏安法测电阻

电桥伏安法测电阻王新生（南京建工学院２１０００９）一、引言伏安法测电阻是一个重要的基础实验，是用电压表和电流表测出电阻尼两端的电压Ｖ和流过电阻Ｒｘ的电流Ｉ，然后利用欧姆定律Ｒｘ＝Ｖ／Ｉ（１）计算出电阻Ｒｘ的值．伏安法测电阻的传统测量方法是内接法和外接...     

"伏安法"测电阻中的几个问题

“伏安法”测电阻,包含了欧姆定律和电路连接等知识,有利于培养学生理论联系实际,实事求是地分析问题、解决问题的能力,同时是以后有关电学实验的基础。本文就其中的几个问题加以分析。     

伏安法测电阻

电阻的测量是近年来高考中的热点，也是高考中的难点．在很多复杂多变的测量电阻的电路设计中，其本质思想都是伏安法测电阻．本文从伏安法测电阻实验原理出发，给出伏安法测电阻实验电路，拓展一些常用的测量电阻的方法．     

伏安法电阻的测量问题例析

伏安法测电阻是高中物理的一个重要实验,也是近几年全国高考的热点问题。所测量阻值的电学元件有:金属、半导体、电流表、电压表等,所用的基本原理是全(部分)电路欧姆定律,串联、并联电路的基本知识。     

伏安法与补偿法测电阻的实验研究

文章用补偿法测量中电阻,并用Matlab计算软件处理了数据。数据结果显示,补偿法能很好地消除伏安法测电阻的系统误差,并且经过Matlab计算软件进行线性回归处理的结果相对误差要比未经处理的单组数据低一个数量级。     

对“双补偿法测电阻”的一点看法

对“双补偿法测电阻”的一点看法朱林彦（太原工业大学，０３００２４）本刊１１卷第二期和１２卷第一期分别刊登了陈国柱同志的文章“双补偿法测电阻”（文一）和“双补偿法测低电阻和高电阻”（文二）、文中指出了伏安法测电阻方法的严重缺陷，提出了消除其误差的方法—...     

Low-temperature resistance fluctuation in disordered conductors

At low temperatures the electron elastic mean free path in a disordered conductor can become much smaller than the inelastic mean free path (or more precisely the Thouless length) which in turn may be comparable with, or even larger than the sample size. In this quantum regime, the electrical resistance is dominated by the coherence effects that eventually lead to the now well-known weak or strong localization. Yet another remarkable manifestation of the quantum coherence is that it makes the resistance non-additive in series and, more importantly, non-self averaging, thus replacing the classical Ohm’s law with a quantum Ohm’s law describing statistical fluctuations. In this paper, we report on some of our recent work on the statistics of these “Sinai” fluctuations of residual resistance for one and higher space dimensions (d). In particular we show that the physics at the mobility edge may be dominated by these fluctuations. We also show that an external electric field tends to harness these fluctuations. Some observational consequences such as 1/f-noise at low temperatures are discussed. Our approach is based on invariant imbedding extended by us for this purpose.     

Anomalous heat conduction and anomalous diffusion in low dimensional nanoscale systems

Heat conduction is an important energy transport process in nature. Phonon is the major energy carrier for heat in semiconductors and dielectric materials. In analogy to Ohm’s law of electrical conduction, Fourier’s law is the fundamental law of heat conduction in solids. Although Fourier’s law has received great success in describing macroscopic heat conduction in the past two hundred years, its validity in low dimensional systems is still an open question. Here we give a brief review of the recent developments in experimental, theoretical and numerical studies of heat conduction in low dimensional systems, including lattice models and low dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires, nanotubes and graphene. We will demonstrate that phonons transport in low dimensional systems superdiffusively, which leads to a size dependent thermal conductivity. In other words, Fourier’s law is not applicable in low dimensional structures.     

“闭合电路的欧姆定律”的实验设计

针对“闭合电路的欧姆定律”教学中的难点,设计了3个演示实验,通过实验演示,能调动学生积极思维,极容易突破难点。     

Approximation of the inductionless MHD problem using a stabilized finite element method

In this work, we present a stabilized formulation to solve the inductionless magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) problem using the finite element (FE) method. The MHD problem couples the Navier–Stokes equations and a Darcy-type system for the electric potential via Lorentz’s force in the momentum equation of the Navier–Stokes equations and the currents generated by the moving fluid in Ohm’s law. The key feature of the FE formulation resides in the design of the stabilization terms, which serve several purposes. First, the formulation is suitable for convection dominated flows. Second, there is no need to use interpolation spaces constrained to a compatibility condition in both sub-problems and therefore, equal-order interpolation spaces can be used for all the unknowns. Finally, this formulation leads to a coupled linear system; this monolithic approach is effective, since the coupling can be dealt by effective preconditioning and iterative solvers that allows to deal with high Hartmann numbers.     

A Kirchhoff solution to plasmon hybridization

Using Ohm’s law, a solution to plasmon hybridization via Kirchoff’s equations results in a simple and intuitive picture of a metal nanoparticle dimer as a capacitively coupled circuit. Calculated absorption spectra and surface charge densities show that dimers of different metallic composition support different super- and sub-radiant plasmons compared to homodimers. Strong screening of Coulomb interactions between nanoparticles of different metallic background prohibits the excitation of anti-bonding plasmons, while changes to the free electron conductivity upon a collective response result in coupled plasmon lifetimes which shift as a function of interparticle distance. Smaller separations then result in the longest lived plasmons.     

任意n阶多边形电阻网络的电特性研究

文章采用基尔霍夫定律通过建立差分方程模型的方法研究了一类任意n阶多边形电阻网络的电学性质(节点电压,支路电流,等效电阻).首先采用基尔霍夫节点电流定律建立差分方程模型,同时建立边界条件方程,以此研究差分方程组的通解和特解,进而获得各节点电压公式,并且基于电压结果导出支路电流公式及等效电阻公式.本文的研究工作对于促进基础物理创新教学具有很好的理论意义与教学实践价值.     

Frequency dependence of conductivity of ethylene carbonate based electrolyte for Li-ion battery

Specific cell arrangement corresponding to four probe pouch cell with two reversible current and two indifferent potential electrodes is applied to study the existence of frequency dependence on conductivity of a medium between two potential electrodes, i.e., separator impregnated with electrolyte. It is established that frequency dependence of conductivity for carbonate-based electrolyte solution does exist. Series resistance is found to be in a good agreement by specific value with that reported earlier. Low frequency limit of impedance spectra is a few decimal orders higher than that of series resistance. Both low- and high-frequency resistances increase with the interelectrode distance in agreement with Ohm law.     

Transmit-Only/Receive-Only Radiofrequency System for Hyperpolarized 13C MRS Cardiac Metabolism Studies in Pigs

Hyperpolarized ¹³C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in pig models enables metabolic activity mapping, providing a powerful tool for the study of the heart physiology, but requires the development of dedicated radiofrequency coils, capable of providing large field of view with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data. This work describes the simulations and the tests of a transmit-only (TX) volume coil/receive-only (RX) surface coil both designed for hyperpolarized studies of pig heart with a clinical 3T scanner. The coil characterization is performed by developing an SNR model for coil performance in terms of coil resistance, sample-induced resistance and magnetic field pattern. In particular, coil resistances were calculated from Ohm’s law, while magnetic field patterns and sample-induced resistances were calculated using a numerical finite-difference time-domain algorithm. Experimental phantom chemical shift image, showed good agreement with the theoretical SNR-vs-depth profiles and highlighted the advantage of the novel configuration over the single transmit–receive coils throughout the volume of interest for cardiac imaging in pig. Finally, the TX-birdcage/RX-circular configuration was tested by acquiring metabolic maps with hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate injected i.v. in a pig. The results of the phantom and pig experiments show the ability of the coil configuration to image well the metabolites distribution.     

光热效应用于光纤光镊焦点位置的研究

光镊是利用光穿过处于系统焦点的物体时产生的动量变化对其施加力的作用,因此确定光镊系统焦点位置是极其重要的.但目前缺少有效确定光镊焦点的方法.本文提出利用测量皮安培量级电流的膜片钳技术,基于光在溶液中产生的光热效应来确定光纤端面出射光斑的焦点.基于水的吸收光谱,选用波长为980nm、845nm和功率为100mW的激光作为光源.由于光热效应引起溶液电导的改变,影响流过玻璃微电极的电流,再用标准温度引起电流变化对膜片器放大器记录的电流标定,将电流值转换成温度值,获得微电极尖端点的温升值.用三维微操纵器控制玻璃微电极的空间位置,获得温度空间分布,从而确定该光斑焦点位置.