干涉条纹的高准确度傅里叶变换分析

提出了一种可用于干涉条纹傅里叶变换分析的空间载波频率估计方法.通过干涉条纹的加窗切趾处理及旁瓣质心坐标的计算,得到空间载波频率的高准确度估计.基于傅里叶变换的位移定理,用估计的空间载波频率实现了载频的移除.模拟和实验结果表明此方法可以有效地抑制传统干涉条纹傅里叶变换分析中的载频移除误差和频谱泄漏误差.     

瞬态波位移场计算方法在相控阵声场模拟中的实验验证

通过实验研究了声束偏转不同角度和声场半径变化时线性相控阵的声场特性,并与基于瞬态波位移解析解的相控阵声场计算方法得到的理论结果进行了对比。首先研究了基于半圆圆弧离面瞬态位移的声场计算方法,并进行了数值计算可靠性的优化。然后建立了一套相控阵瞬态波位移场的测量系统,以半圆形钢板为试件,纵波传感器为接收传感器,测量了偏转角度为-10°,-30°,-50°,-70°,及声场半径为50 mm,75 mm,100 mm和125 mm时线性超声相控阵的声束指向性;同时以基于瞬态波位移解析解的相控阵声场计算方法,计算了相同条件下该相控阵的声束指向性。最后将实验结果与理论结果进行了对比,取得了较好的一致。说明基于瞬态波位移的相控阵声场计算方法可以较好地计算线阵的声场,对于声束偏转较大角度和声场半径变化时也同样有效。      

斜入射激光支持燃烧波时纵波声场的指向性

利用理论推导及实验验证的方法研究了激光倾斜入射支持燃烧波时纵波声场的指向性。根据激光超声的产生机理, 在喷溅物质垂直作用于工件表面的前提条件下, 推导了椭圆形声源作用时远场质点的法向位移。获得了纵波声场的指向性函数, 分析了影响纵波声场指向性的因素, 并进行了实验验证。利用功率密度低于爆轰波点燃阈值的激光烧蚀工件, 使用峰值频率为5 MHz压电探头接收纵波, 进而获得纵波声场的指向性实验数据, 结果表明, 实验数据与理论数据能够较好地进行吻合。在光斑短轴长度恒定时, 与激光垂直入射相比, 各倾斜入射角度下纵波声场的声束轴线指向均保持不变, 并且指向性图形随倾斜角度的增加而变得细窄, 纵波声场的能量也更加集中。     

水下低频振荡涡流场声散射调制机理与特性研究

水下涡流场对声波的散射问题是声波在复杂流场中传播的基本问题,在水下目标探测和流场声成像领域具有重要意义.针对水下低频振荡涡流场声散射调制问题建立了理论分析模型与数值计算方法,探究了其声散射调制声场的产生机理与时空频特性.首先,基于运动介质的波动方程,通过引入势函数将波动方程分解为流声耦合项和非耦合项,并对流声耦合项进行频域分析处理,揭示了水下振荡涡流场的声散射调制机理;其次,采用间断伽辽金数值方法对水下低频振荡涡流场中声传播过程进行了数值模拟,分析了低马赫数条件下,不同入射声波频率、涡流场的振荡频率和涡核尺度对涡流场声散射调制声场时空频特性的影响规律,并结合理论分析模型对其特性进行了解释.研究表明:低马赫数下,振荡涡流场对声波的散射可产生包含涡流场振荡频率双边带调制谐波的散射调制声场,且随着入射声波频率、涡核尺度的增大,散射调制声场强度增强,总散射声场空间分布具有对称性和明显主瓣,且主瓣方位角趋近于入射波传播方向;在频率比远大于1条件下,涡流场振荡频率对散射调制声场强度影响较小.     

水下环形凹槽圆柱体散射声场空间指向性调控

本文提出一种具有深度梯度的环形凹槽结构,可用于调控水中有限长刚性圆柱体散射声场空间指向性.基于声学相位阵列理论分析了环形凹槽圆柱声散射空间指向性改变的机理,研究表明:凹槽深度方向相位延迟和凹槽间Bragg散射的相互作用使得平面声波垂直于圆柱方向入射其正横方向散射声波发生偏转.采用有限元方法讨论了凹槽结构参数如占空比、梯度等对圆柱散射声场空间分布特征的影响规律.多个不同深度梯度环形凹槽单元组合圆柱体散射声场数值计算和实验结果显示:具有环形凹槽结构圆柱体正横方向散射声波均匀偏转到预定的空间范围内,使得圆柱体声散射场空间指向性均衡化,改变了圆柱整体的散射特征,这为水下目标声隐身设计和声波定向传播提供了新的方法.     

声悬浮液滴的表面毛细波及八阶扇谐振荡

采用声悬浮方法研究了自由液滴表面的毛细波形成机理,并利用主动调制声场技术激发了液滴的八阶扇谐振荡.实验结果表明,当声场调制频率接近液滴本征频率的两倍时,液滴将由轴对称受迫振荡向非轴对称扇谐振荡模态转变.实验与理论分析证实,参数共振是毛细波与扇谐振荡的形成原因.扇谐振荡的本征频率随液滴赤道半径的增大而减小,可通过修正的Rayleigh方程来描述. 关键词： 声悬浮 液滴 毛细波 扇谐振荡     

伸缩窗口傅里叶变换在三维形貌测量中的应用

为了克服窗口傅里叶变换在分析非平稳信号所存在的缺陷,基于窗口傅里叶变换技术提出了伸缩傅里叶变换法并应用于三维形貌测量中。通过对窗函数在空间尺度上引入伸缩变换,得到一个可调宽度的空间一频率窗,实现空间频率分辨率随光栅图像条纹频率变化自动可调的实时快速测量。该方法克服了窗口傅里叶变换分析中所有频率窗口的大小形状固定不变的缺点,适合复杂物体形貌的测量。给出了理论分析、计算机模拟以及实验研究结果。     

横波直探头的辐射声场

分析了采用2/2型压电复合材料制作的一种水平面内偏振的横波直探头的辐射声场特性,推导了两种表面力源辐射声场的严格解析解,通过数值计算给出了相应声场分布和指向性图,得到了横波垂直辐射指向性,并与实验结果进行了对比。实验所得声场指向性与理论计算结果符合较好,为该换能器的工程应用提供了理论依据。     

雷鸣1540型组合扬声器投产

七九七厂新试制了一种高保真度、声场覆盖面积大的组合扬声器箱.该系统由一只大功率高顺性15英寸(约381mm)低音扬声器和一只指向性与频率无关的高频扬声器及分频衰减器组合而成.其箱体设计采用了声管倒相.该组合扬声器有较宽的频响,如图1所示.在较宽的频率范围内,指向性达到了较好的水平,如图2所示.经各方面有关人员主观试听,认为该组合音箱低音部分低沉浑厚,中音刚劲有力,高音清     

含磁电弹夹层的压电/压磁声子晶体带隙特性研究

将具有力电磁耦合性能的夹层引入到压电/压磁声子晶体中,在保持单胞长度为固定值的情况下,分别改变磁电弹夹层的厚度、磁电弹夹层中压电材料的体积分数和磁电弹夹层中压电材料的种类;并利用传递矩阵法和Bloch定理,得到波数k与频率ω的色散关系;通过色散关系图分析不同的磁电弹夹层对压电/压磁声子晶体带隙特性的影响.研究发现:当磁电弹夹层厚度增加时,带隙的中心频率上升,带隙宽度变宽;当磁电弹夹层中压电材料体积分数增加时,带隙中心频率下降,第一带隙宽度变窄,第二带隙宽度增加,第三带隙宽度保持不变;当磁电弹夹层中的压电材料种类不同时,带隙的中心频率和带隙宽度有明显的改变;磁电弹夹层对压电/压磁声子晶体带隙中心频率的影响在高频区比低频区更显著.     

An Analytical Method for Calculating P-SV Acoustical Field Excited by a Piezoelectric Strip with Finite Width and Thickness

A piezoelectric strip with finite width and thickness is placed on top of an isotropic elastic half-space. Acoustical field can be excited when a voltage is across the piezoelectric strip. An analytical method is presented to calculate the acoustical field by the dynamics characteristics of the piezoelectric strip. Considering the piezoelectric strip as an anisotropic material of the 6 mm-type crystal system, we study the two-dimensional P-SV acoustical fields inside the piezoelectric strip and the isotropic half-space. The displacement and stress distributions are analysed thoroughly. The effects of the width and thickness of the piezoelectric strip and other parameters on the acoustical field are also analysed.     

基于2-2型压电复合材料的新型宽频带径向振动超声换能器

本文提出了一种基于2-2型压电复合材料的新型宽频带径向振动超声换能器,它主要由内金属圆环和外压电陶瓷复合材料圆环组成.首先利用Newnham串并联理论和均匀场理论推导了2-2型压电复合材料的等效参数;其次利用解析法得到了金属圆环和径向极化压电复合陶瓷圆环径向振动的机电等效电路;最后得到了换能器的六端机电等效电路,从而得到了换能器的频率方程.接着分析了换能器共振频率和反共振频率以及有效机电耦合系数与几何尺寸、两相体积占比的关系,采用仿真软件对新型换能器的径向振动进行了数值模拟.结果表明,利用解析法得到的共振频率和反共振频率与数值模拟结果吻合较好.此外,对换能器在水下的辐射声场进行了仿真研究,结果表明新型复合材料径向换能器相比传统纯陶瓷径向换能器,发射电压响应幅值更大,工作带宽提高接近一倍,声匹配更佳.     

2019年中国声学学会青年人才托举工程项目交流会在南昌召开

为改善电磁超声换能器(electromagnetic acoustic transducer,EMAT)激发横波的特性,提出一种基于正交试验的优化方法,并利用有限元仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics建立了横波EMAT的有限元模型,应用正交试验和极差分析法,分析了线圈各参数对电磁超声横波的近场长度和半扩散角的影响,比较了线圈各参数影响程度的大小。结果表明,激励电流的频率和线圈的尺寸对横波的传播特性有着明显影响,提高频率会使得横波的近场长度增大及半扩散角减小;其次,减小导线的宽度及间距,以缩小线圈尺寸能有效改善横波的传播特性。     

Coherent acoustic phonon oscillations in semiconductor multiple quantum wells with piezoelectric fields

Large coherent acoustic phonon oscillations were demonstrated using InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells with piezoelectric fields. With UV femtosecond pulse excitation, photogenerated carriers screened the piezoelectric field and initiated the displacive coherent phonon oscillations. The specific phonon frequency was selected by the coupling between the periodic carrier distribution and the corresponding acoustic phonon mode. The induced acoustic phonon oscillation resulted in piezoelectric field modulation and then caused absorption variation through the quantum confined Franz-Keldysh effect. The wave vector uncertainty due to the finite sample width was found to determine the observed dephasing time.     

Customization of the acoustic field produced by a piezoelectric array through interelement delays

A method for producing a prescribed acoustic pressure field from a piezoelectric array was investigated. The array consisted of 170 elements placed on the inner surface of a 15 cm radius spherical cap. Each element was independently driven by using individual pulsers each capable of generating 1.2 kV. Acoustic field customization was achieved by independently controlling the time when each element was excited. The set of time delays necessary to produce a particular acoustic field was determined by using an optimization scheme. The acoustic field at the focal plane was simulated by using the angular spectrum method, and the optimization searched for the time delays that minimized the least squared difference between the magnitudes of the simulated and desired pressure fields. The acoustic field was shaped in two different ways: the -6 dB focal width was increased to different desired widths and the ring-shaped pressure distributions of various prescribed diameters were produced. For both cases, the set of delays resulting from the respective optimization schemes were confirmed to yield the desired pressure distributions by using simulations and measurements. The simulations, however, predicted peak positive pressures roughly half those obtained from the measurements, which was attributed to the exclusion of nonlinearity in the simulations.     

声波测井压电振子的有限元分析

压电振子是新一代方位声波测井仪器中相控圆弧阵声波辐射器的重要组成部分。利用有限元法对构成圆弧阵的压电振子进行了设计分析,结果显示了压电振子存在多阶弯曲振动模态,且长度方向一阶弯曲振动能够满足方位声波测井的工作频率要求。针对长度方向一阶弯曲振动模式,数值模拟了几何尺寸对压电振子性能参数的影响。压电振子的谐振频率随着陶瓷片长度、基片或陶瓷片厚度的减小而降低;压电振子的辐射声功率随着陶瓷片长度或压电振子宽度的增加、基片或陶瓷片厚度的减小而增大;合理地选取长度和厚度可使压电振子具有较高的机电耦合系数。数值模拟结果可以对圆弧阵结构优化设计起到良好的指导作用。     

Wave propagation in a piezoelectric human bone of arbitrary cross section with a circular cylindrical cavity

A theoretical study of wave propagation in a piezoelectric cylinder of infinite length of arbitrary cross section with a circular cylindrical cavity of class 6 is investigated. The frequency equations are obtained by using the Fourier expansion collocation method and are analyzed numerically. The frequencies are evaluated for circular, elliptic, and cardioidal sections of bone and are tabulated. A plot of frequency spectrum is also presented for the cardioidal cross-section bar.     

Acoustic Vortex Beam Generation by a Piezoelectric Transducer Using Spiral Electrodes

We propose an innovative method to generate acoustic vortex waves based on a disc piezoelectric transducer that is coated with multi-arm coiled electrodes. Finite element simulation results for single-arm to four-arm coiled electrodes indicate that the method could modulate amplitude and phase spatial distribution of the acoustic waves near the acoustic axis by acoustic field synthesis principle, making the waves rotate spirally in space and form stable focused vortex beams. Compared with the traditional method that requires electronic control of an array consisting of a large number of transducers, this method provides a more effective and compact solution.     

Application of piezoelectric transient response in transducer acoustic power measurement

To explore a more convenient method for measuring the focused ultrasound power,a piezoelectric ceramic plate was used to receive ultrasonic signal directly.Due to an acoustic force acts on the surface of piezoelectric ceramic plate,the piezoelectric response was obtained by means of electromechanical analogy,which was composed of voltage response caused by forced vibration and high frequency attenuation response caused by natural vibration.The conversion relationship between output signal of piezoelectric ceramic plate and acoustic power of transducer was analyzed.The envelope of output piezoelectric signal was extracted in twice,and a voltage amplitude curve with sinusoidal distribution that could describe the changes of acoustic power was obtained.Under different drive voltage of transducer,the maximum peak voltage of envelope curve was found respectively.Their squared values were made a linear fitting with acoustic power measured by acoustic power meter,and then the proportional coefficient of theoretical relational expression was calibrated.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory.The relative error between calibrated theoretical acoustic power and that measured by acoustic power meter was less than 8.7%.The paper can provide a guideline for measuring acoustic power of transducer by using piezoelectric signal.     

Acoustic Radiation of a Water-Filled Piezoelectric Cylinder near a Rigid Plane

The combined finite-element-boundary-element method is used to solve the problem on the radiation of a water-filled piezoceramic cylinder positioned near an infinite plane. For the case of a perfectly rigid plane, the frequency characteristics of the transmitting response of the piezoelectric cylinder are obtained along with the frequency characteristics of the acoustic power, the directional characteristics, and the velocity and pressure distributions over the radiating cylindrical surfaces. It is found that, when the distance between the plane and the piezoelectric cylinder is small relative to the wavelength, the frequency characteristics of the cylinder and the velocity and pressure distributions noticeably differ from those obtained for a piezoelectric cylinder in an infinite space. The effect of the antisymmetric mode, which appears at small wave distances between the cylinder and the plane, on the characteristics of a water-filled piezoelectric cylinder is considered.